金融英语阅读:发改委专家详解贫富差距
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-03-11 05:30 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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英文: Narrowing rich-poor gap: A key to China's modernization1
Narrowing the divide between the rich and poor is standing2 as one of the core issues at the fifth plenary of the 16th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CPC), which opened Saturday.

The income divide among Chinese citizens has been sharply widened since 2003, and has reached the severe "yellow light" warning level.

Gan Yuping, a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) holds that China's modernization must give priority to reform of taxation3, social security, and more support for rural areas.

Statistics show that as of July this year, Chinese rural areas had over 26.1 million denizens4 in absolute poverty, despite the fact that 27 Chinese provinces and municipalities scrapped5 agriculture taxation in 2005, resulting in 20 billion yuan (about 2.5 billion US dollars) of subsidies6 to agriculture and farmers.

Twenty percent of urban families possess 66.4 percent of the total urban family financial assets. A hearing on personal income taxation was held last month by China's top legislature, the National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee, which proposed to increase the tax levying7 point from 800 yuan (about 100 US dollars) to 1,500 yuan (about 187.5 US dollars).

The Chinese government is considering collecting high-consumption taxation and legacy8 taxation as ways to reduce the rich-poor gap.

Other measures include building a framework for helping9 poor citizens and measures to help those unemployed10.

A report jointly11 published by the UN and the World Bank shows that China has become a "paradigm12" for poverty elimination13. Since China adopted the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the country's per capita GDP has increased by five times.

China saw a 1.5 million annual reduction of the its population living in poverty in the 2001-2004 period.

Source: Xinhua

 


       中文:发改委专家详解贫富差距
该专家认为,“十一五”期间,只有让老百姓普遍享受经济成果,才能实现协调发展

在十六届五中全会热烈讨论贫富差距之前,一份调查报告显示,目前,政府已经掌握了社会剩余产品总价值的87.5%,留给社会的只有12.5%。

国家发改委经济研究所研究员杨宜勇昨日告诉《第一财经日报》,如果这种局面仍不改变,将会导致社会投资能力差,居民消费能力低以及社会再生产能力被削弱,影响技术进步等严重后果。

一组数据

统计局的数据显示,城镇居民可支配收入的基尼系数不断提高,2003年达到0.34,比2002年提高0.018,“十五”末期有可能会超过0.35。

“这意味着最富有的10%家庭与最贫穷的10%家庭人均可支配收入差距将超过8倍,或者将有六成城镇居民的人均可支配收入达不到平均水平。”杨宜勇表示。

事实上,中国城乡统算的基尼系数早在2000年就超出了国际公认的警戒线0.40,目前则已经超过0.45。

“改革开放已经搞了26年,我们应该考虑让广大的老百姓更加普遍地享受到经济和社会发展的成果。”杨宜勇认为,“十一五”期间也只有这样做,才能实现社会经济的全面协调发展。

两个现象

如果说基尼系数对于普通市民尚显陌生的话,那么行业差距则会让每一个人都感同身受。

“十五”期间,中国的电力、煤气、供水、铁路、通信等行业职工平均工资年增长率均出现了提速、高于“九五”期间平均增长率3~5个百分点。与此同时,金融和保险业、党政机关和社会团体也分别较“九五”期间提高7个百分点和5个百分点以上。

在杨宜勇看来,虽然此间各行业就业者收入水平都有所提高,但提高的程度各不相同。尤为明显的是,垄断行业与一般行业职工间的收入差距则呈持续扩大趋势。

  另一个值得关注的现象是,当前全国人均财产性收入增长速度已经是劳动收入(城镇工薪收入和农村经营性收入)增长速度的两倍。也就是说,当一部分人还在努力出卖劳动力换取报酬时,另一部分人已经可以坐享财产带来的收益了,而且前者增长的速度远不及后者。

以2004年前3季度为例,全国城镇居民人均工薪收入同比增长11.8%,而人均财产性收入中的出租房屋收入增幅竟高达54.5%。

由于财产性收入的增幅较快,财产差距的扩大会进一步加剧收入分配的不平等。杨宜勇在起草“十一五”收入分配问题及其对策报告时,提出了予以调控的建议。

让百姓享受经济发展成果

一个公认的规律是,当一个国家的人均GDP从1000美元向3000美元迈进时,往往是产业结构剧烈变化、社会格局重新调整、利益矛盾不断增加、收入加速分化的时期。

杨宜勇认为,当今中国要想平稳地渡过这个难关,就必须全面贯彻落实科学发展观。具体来说,就是要高度重视收入分配问题,让广大的老百姓更加普遍地享受到经济和社会发展的成果。在这个过程中,政府负有最为重要的责任,即必须通过立法及政府行为、通过制定系统的社会政策等来完成。

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 modernization nEyxp     
n.现代化,现代化的事物
参考例句:
  • This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
  • The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。
2 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
3 taxation tqVwP     
n.征税,税收,税金
参考例句:
  • He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
4 denizens b504bf59e564ac3f33d0d2f4de63071b     
n.居民,住户( denizen的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • polar bears, denizens of the frozen north 北极熊,在冰天雪地的北方生活的动物
  • At length these denizens of the swamps disappeared in their turn. 到了后来,连这些沼泽国的居民们也不见了。 来自辞典例句
5 scrapped c056f581043fe275b02d9e1269f11d62     
废弃(scrap的过去式与过去分词); 打架
参考例句:
  • This machine is so old that it will soon have to be scrapped. 这架机器太旧,快报废了。
  • It had been thought that passport controls would be scrapped. 人们曾认为会放开护照管制。
6 subsidies 84c7dc8329c19e43d3437248757e572c     
n.补贴,津贴,补助金( subsidy的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • European agriculture ministers failed to break the deadlock over farm subsidies. 欧洲各国农业部长在农业补贴问题上未能打破僵局。
  • Agricultural subsidies absorb about half the EU's income. 农业补贴占去了欧盟收入的大约一半。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 levying 90ad9be315edeae7731b2d08f32e26d5     
征(兵)( levy的现在分词 ); 索取; 发动(战争); 征税
参考例句:
  • The high tax will be given levying to the foreign country car. 对外国汽车要予以征收高税。
  • Levying estate income tax are considered to be goods tax. 遗产税是在财产所有者死亡后所征收的税。
8 legacy 59YzD     
n.遗产,遗赠;先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句:
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
  • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
9 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
10 unemployed lfIz5Q     
adj.失业的,没有工作的;未动用的,闲置的
参考例句:
  • There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
  • The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。
11 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
12 paradigm c48zJ     
n.例子,模范,词形变化表
参考例句:
  • He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
  • Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外,本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。
13 elimination 3qexM     
n.排除,消除,消灭
参考例句:
  • Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
  • I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。
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