GMAT考试写作指导:Argument范文十九
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-06-16 01:49 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
79.        This newspaper editorial concludes that our city should build a plant for burning
trash in order to avoid the serious health threats associated with many landfills. The
author adds that an incinerator could offer economic benefits as well, since incinerators
can be adapted to generate small amounts of electricity for other uses, and since ash
residue1 from some kinds of trash can be used as a soil conditioner. Even if these claims
are true, the author's argument is unconvincing in three important respects.
      To begin with, the author fails to consider health threats posed by incinerating
trash. It is possible, for example, that respiratory problems resulting from the air
pollution caused by burning trash might be so extensive that they would outweigh2 the
health risks associated with landfills. If so, the author's conclusion that switching to
incineration would be more salutary for public health would be seriously undermined.
      Secondly3, the author assumes that discontinuing landfill operations would abate4
the heath threats they now pose. However, this is not necessarily the case. It is possible
that irreversible environmental damage to subterranean5 water supplies, for example, has
already occurred. In this event, changing from landfills to incinerators might not avoid
or abate serious public health problems.
      Thirdly, the author's implicit6 claim that incinerators are economically
advantageous7 to landfills is poorly supported. Only two small economic benefits of
incineration are mentioned, while the costs associated with either burning trash or
switching refuse disposal systems are ignored. In all likelihood, such costs would be
significant, and may very well outweigh the economic benefits.
      In conclusion, the author's argument provides inadequate8 justification9 for
switching from one disposal system to the other. As it stands, the argument takes into
account only a limited number of benefits from the change, while addressing none of its
costs. To better evaluate the argument, we must first examine all the health risks posed
by each refuse disposal system and conduct a thorough cost-benefit analysis of each
system, taking account of the cost of the new system, the cost of the changeover itself,
and the expected costs to the community of health problems resulting from each system


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1 residue 6B0z1     
n.残余,剩余,残渣
参考例句:
  • Mary scraped the residue of food from the plates before putting them under water.玛丽在把盘子放入水之前先刮去上面的食物残渣。
  • Pesticide persistence beyond the critical period for control leads to residue problems.农药一旦超过控制的临界期,就会导致残留问题。
2 outweigh gJlxO     
vt.比...更重,...更重要
参考例句:
  • The merits of your plan outweigh the defects.你制定的计划其优点胜过缺点。
  • One's merits outweigh one's short-comings.功大于过。
3 secondly cjazXx     
adv.第二,其次
参考例句:
  • Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二,动脑筋提出自己的见解。
  • Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次,需要确定所作用的载荷。
4 abate SoAyj     
vi.(风势,疼痛等)减弱,减轻,减退
参考例句:
  • We must abate the noise pollution in our city.我们必须消除我们城里的噪音污染。
  • The doctor gave him some medicine to abate the powerful pain.医生给了他一些药,以减弱那剧烈的疼痛。
5 subterranean ssWwo     
adj.地下的,地表下的
参考例句:
  • London has 9 miles of such subterranean passages.伦敦像这样的地下通道有9英里长。
  • We wandered through subterranean passages.我们漫游地下通道。
6 implicit lkhyn     
a.暗示的,含蓄的,不明晰的,绝对的
参考例句:
  • A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
  • Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。
7 advantageous BK5yp     
adj.有利的;有帮助的
参考例句:
  • Injections of vitamin C are obviously advantageous.注射维生素C显然是有利的。
  • You're in a very advantageous position.你处于非常有利的地位。
8 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
9 justification x32xQ     
n.正当的理由;辩解的理由
参考例句:
  • There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
  • In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。
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