GMAT考试写作指导:Argument范文四八
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-06-16 02:42 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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22.        The conclusion in this argument is that increased vigilance by drug enforcement
authorities has resulted in an increase in the illegal use of cocaine1. The author reaches
this conclusion on the grounds that drug traffickers have responded to increased
enforcement efforts by switching from bulkier and riskier2 drugs to cocaine. Presumably,
the author's reasoning is that the increased enforcement efforts inadvertently brought
about an increase in the supply of cocaine which, in turn, brought about the observed
increase in the illegal use of cocaine. This line of reasoning is problematic in two
important respects.
      In the first place, the author has engaged in "after this, therefore because of this"
reasoning. The only reason offered for believing that the increased vigilance caused the
increase in cocaine use is the fact that the former preceded the latter. No additional
evidence linking the two events is offered in the argument, thus leaving open the
possibility that the two events are not causally related but merely correlated. This in turn
leaves open the possibility that factors other than the one cited are responsible for the
increase in cocaine use.
      In the second place, the author assumes that an increase in the supply of cocaine is
sufficient to bring about an increase in its use. While this is a tempting3 assumption, it is
a problematic one. The presumption4 required to substantiate5 this view is that drug users
are not particular about which drugs they use, so that if marijuana and heroin6 are not
available, they will switch to whatever drug is available—cocaine in this case. The
assumption does not seem reasonable on its face. Marijuana, heroin, and cocaine are not
alike in their effects on users; nor are they alike in the manner in which they are
ingested or in their addictive7 properties. The view that drug users' choice of drugs is
simply a function of supply overlooks these important differences.
      In conclusion, the author has failed to establish a causal link between increased
enforcement efforts and the observed increase in illegal cocaine use. While the
enforcement activities may have been a contributing factor, to show a clear causal
connection the author must examine and rule out various other factors.


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1 cocaine VbYy4     
n.可卡因,古柯碱(用作局部麻醉剂)
参考例句:
  • That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
  • Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。
2 riskier 4b337f01212613d2805f0ac853a3fd43     
冒险的,危险的( risky的比较级 )
参考例句:
  • Now they are starting to demand higher returns on riskier assets. 而今他们开始在风险更高的资产上要求更高的回报。
  • The problem with that: RIM's business is getting riskier every quarter. 不过问题也随之而来:RIM面临的业务风险正逐季增大。
3 tempting wgAzd4     
a.诱人的, 吸引人的
参考例句:
  • It is tempting to idealize the past. 人都爱把过去的日子说得那么美好。
  • It was a tempting offer. 这是个诱人的提议。
4 presumption XQcxl     
n.推测,可能性,冒昧,放肆,[法律]推定
参考例句:
  • Please pardon my presumption in writing to you.请原谅我很冒昧地写信给你。
  • I don't think that's a false presumption.我认为那并不是错误的推测。
5 substantiate PsRwu     
v.证实;证明...有根据
参考例句:
  • There is little scientific evidence to substantiate the claims.这些主张几乎找不到科学依据来证实。
  • These theories are used to substantiate the relationship between the phenomenons of the universe.这些学说是用来证实宇宙现象之间的关系。
6 heroin IrSzHX     
n.海洛因
参考例句:
  • Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
  • Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。
7 addictive hJbyL     
adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的,成为习惯的
参考例句:
  • The problem with video game is that they're addictive.电子游戏机的问题在于它们会使人上瘾。
  • Cigarettes are highly addictive.香烟很容易使人上瘾。
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