LSAT模拟试题:LSAT模拟试题TEST3逻辑1b
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10. Millions of irreplaceable exhibits in natural history museums are currently allowed to decay. Yet without analyses of eggs from museums, the studies linking pesticides1 with the decline of Birds of prey2 would have been impossible Therefore, funds must be raised to preserve at least Those exhibits that will be most valuable to science in the future

  The argument presupposes that:

  (A) If a museum exhibit is irreplaceable, its preservation3 is of an importance that overrides4 economic considerations.

  (B) The scientific analysis of museum exhibits can be performed in nondestructive way

  (C) Eggs of extinct species should be analyzed5 to increase knowledge of genetic6 relationships among species

  (D) It can be known at this time what data will be of most use to scientific investigators7 in the future

  (E) The decay of organic material in natural history exhibits is natural and cannot be prevented

  11. Compared to nonprofit hospitals of the same size, investor-owned hospitals require less public investment in the form of tax breaks, use fewer employees, and have higher occupancy levels. It can therefore be concluded that investor-owned hospitals are a better way of delivering medical care than are nonprofit hospitals.

  Which one of the following, if true, most undermines the conclusion drawn8 above?

  (A) Nonprofit hospitals charge more per bed than do investor-owned hospitals.

  (B) Patients in nonprofit hospitals recover more quickly than don patients with comparable Illnesses in investor-owned hospitals

  (C) Nonprofit hospitals do more fundraising than do investor-owned hospitals.

  (D) Doctors at nonprofit hospitals earn higher salaries than do similarly qualified9 doctors at investor-owned hospitals.

  (E) Nonprofit hospitals receive more donations than do investor-owned hospitals.

  12. The ancient Egyptian pharaoh Akhenaten, who had a profound effect during his lifetime on Egyptian art and religion, was well loved and highly respected by his subjects. We know this from the fierce loyalty10 show to him by his palace guards, as documented in reports written during Akhenaten's reign11.

  A questionable12 technique used in the argument is to:

  (A) Introduce information that actually contradicts the conclusion

  (B) Rely on evidence that in principle would be impossible to challenge

  (C) Make a generalization13 based on a sample that is likely to be unrepresentative

  (D) Depend on the ambiguity14 of the term “ancient”

  (E) Apply present-day standards in an inappropriate way to ancient times

  13. Physician: The patient is suffering either from disease X or else from disease Y. but there is no available test for distinguishing X from Y. Therefore, since there is an effective treatment for Y but no treatment for X, we must act on the assumption that the patient has a case of Y.

  The physician's reasoning could be based on which one of the following principles?

  (A) In treating a patient who has one or the other of two diseases, it is more important to treat the diseases than to determine which of the two diseases the patient has.

  (B) If circumstances beyond a decision maker15's control will affect the outcome of the decision maker's actions, the decision maker must assume that circumstances are unfavorable

  (C) When the soundness of a strategy depends on the truth of a certain assumption, and the first step in putting the strategy into effect must be to test the truth of this assumption.

  (D) When success is possible only if a circumstance beyond one's control is favorable, and then one's strategy must be based on the assumption that this circumstance is in fact favorable

  (E) When only one strategy carries the possibility of success. Circumstances must as much as possible be changed to fit this strategy.

  14. Consumer advocate: tropical oils are high in saturated16 fats, which increase the risk of heart disease Fortunately, in most prepared food tropical oils can be replaced by healthier alternatives without noticeably affecting taste. Therefore, intensive publicity17 about the disadvantage of tropical oils will be likely to result in dietary changes that will diminish many people's risk of developing heart disease

  Nutritionist: The major sources of saturated fat in the average North American diet are meat, poultry18, and dairy products, not tropical oils. Thus, focusing attention on the health hazards of tropical oils would be counterproductive, because it would encourage people to believe that more substantial dietary changes are unnecessary.

  Which one of the following is a point at issue between the nutritionist and the consumer advocate?

  (A) Whether a diet that regularly includes large quantities of tropical oil can increase the risk of heart disease

  (B) Whether intensive publicity campaigns can be effective as means of changing people's eating habits

  (C) Whether more people in North American would benefit from reducing the amount of meat they consume than would benefit from eliminating tropical oils from their diets.

  (D) Whether some people's diets could be made significantly healthier if they replaced all tropical oils with vegetable oils that are significantly lower in saturated fat

  (E) Whether conducting a publicity campaign that by focusing on the health hazards of tropical oils persuades people to replace such oils with healthier alternatives is a good public-health strategy.

  15. People who take what others regard as a ridiculous position should not bother to say, “I mean every word!” For either their position truly is ridiculous, in which case insisting that they are serious about it only exposes them to deeper embarrassment19, or else their position has merit, in which case they should meet disbelief with rational argument rather than with assurances of their sincerity20.

  Which one of the following arguments is most similar in its reasoning to the argument above?

  (A) A practice that has been denounced, as poor practice should not be defended on the grounds that “this I show we have always done it.” If the practice is a poor one, so much the worse that is has been extensively used; if it is not poor one, there must be a better reason for engaging in it than inertia21

  (B) People who are asked why they eat some of the unusual foods they eat some of the unusual foods they eat should not answer, “because that is what I like, ”This sort of answer will sound either na?ve or evasive and thus will satisfy no one

  (C) People whose taste in clothes is being criticized should not replay, “Every penny I spent on these clothes I earned honestly.” For the issue raise by the critics is not how the money was come by but rather whether it was spent wisely.

  (D) Scholars who champion unpopular new theories should not assume that the widespread rejection22 of their ideas shows that they “must be no the right track.” The truth is that few theories of any consequence are either wholly right or wholly right or wholly wrong and thus there is no substitute for patient works in ascertaining23 which parts are right.

  (E) People who set themselves goals that others denounce as overly ambitious do little to silence their critics if they say, “I can accomplish this if anyone can. ”Rather, those people should either admit that their critics are right or not dignify24 the criticism with any reply.

  16. Concetta: Franchot was a great writer because she was ahead of her time in understanding that industrialization was taking an unconscionable toll25 on the family structure of the working class.

  Alicia: Franchot was not a great writer. The mark of a great writer is the ability to move people with the power of the written word, not the ability to be among the first to grasp a social issue Besides, the social consequences of industrialization were widely understood in Franchot's day.

  In her disagreement with Concetta, Alicia does which one of the following?

  (A) Accepts Concetta's criterion and then ads evidence to concetta's case

  (B) Discredits Concetta's evidence and then generalizes from new evidence

  (C) Rejects Concetta's criterion and then disputes a specific claim

  (D) Disputes Concetta's conclusion and then presents facts in support of an alternative criterion

  (E) Attacks one of Concetta's claims and then criticizes the structure of her argument



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1 pesticides abb0488ed6905584ea91347395a890e8     
n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
参考例句:
  • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
  • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 prey g1czH     
n.被掠食者,牺牲者,掠食;v.捕食,掠夺,折磨
参考例句:
  • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
  • The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
3 preservation glnzYU     
n.保护,维护,保存,保留,保持
参考例句:
  • The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
  • The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。
4 overrides 6da09529bb67435c00c5fc9b00dfe8d9     
越控( override的第三人称单数 ); (以权力)否决; 优先于; 比…更重要
参考例句:
  • The new rule overrides all the previous ones. 新规则使以前的所有规则失效。
  • The application configuration file setting overrides the machine configuration file setting. 应用程序配置文件设置重写计算机配置文件设置。
5 analyzed 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 );分解;解释;对…进行心理分析
参考例句:
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程,因为对他来说,爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
7 investigators e970f9140785518a87fc81641b7c89f7     
n.调查者,审查者( investigator的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • This memo could be the smoking gun that investigators have been looking for. 这份备忘录可能是调查人员一直在寻找的证据。
  • The team consisted of six investigators and two secretaries. 这个团队由六个调查人员和两个秘书组成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖,拉,拔出;adj.憔悴的,紧张的
参考例句:
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
9 qualified DCPyj     
adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的
参考例句:
  • He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
  • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
10 loyalty gA9xu     
n.忠诚,忠心
参考例句:
  • She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
  • His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。
11 reign pBbzx     
n.统治时期,统治,支配,盛行;v.占优势
参考例句:
  • The reign of Queen Elizabeth lapped over into the seventeenth century.伊丽莎白王朝延至17世纪。
  • The reign of Zhu Yuanzhang lasted about 31 years.朱元璋统治了大约三十一年。
12 questionable oScxK     
adj.可疑的,有问题的
参考例句:
  • There are still a few questionable points in the case.这个案件还有几个疑点。
  • Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions.你的论证建立在一套有问题的假设上。
13 generalization 6g4xv     
n.普遍性,一般性,概括
参考例句:
  • This sweeping generalization is the law of conservation of energy.这一透彻的概括就是能量守恒定律。
  • The evaluation of conduct involves some amount of generalization.对操行的评价会含有一些泛泛之论。
14 ambiguity 9xWzT     
n.模棱两可;意义不明确
参考例句:
  • The telegram was misunderstood because of its ambiguity.由于电文意义不明确而造成了误解。
  • Her answer was above all ambiguity.她的回答毫不含糊。
15 maker DALxN     
n.制造者,制造商
参考例句:
  • He is a trouble maker,You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼,你不要跟他在一起。
  • A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。
16 saturated qjEzG3     
a.饱和的,充满的
参考例句:
  • The continuous rain had saturated the soil. 连绵不断的雨把土地淋了个透。
  • a saturated solution of sodium chloride 氯化钠饱和溶液
17 publicity ASmxx     
n.众所周知,闻名;宣传,广告
参考例句:
  • The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
  • He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事,只当它是一种宣传手法。
18 poultry GPQxh     
n.家禽,禽肉
参考例句:
  • There is not much poultry in the shops. 商店里禽肉不太多。
  • What do you feed the poultry on? 你们用什么饲料喂养家禽?
19 embarrassment fj9z8     
n.尴尬;使人为难的人(事物);障碍;窘迫
参考例句:
  • She could have died away with embarrassment.她窘迫得要死。
  • Coughing at a concert can be a real embarrassment.在音乐会上咳嗽真会使人难堪。
20 sincerity zyZwY     
n.真诚,诚意;真实
参考例句:
  • His sincerity added much more authority to the story.他的真诚更增加了故事的说服力。
  • He tried hard to satisfy me of his sincerity.他竭力让我了解他的诚意。
21 inertia sbGzg     
adj.惰性,惯性,懒惰,迟钝
参考例句:
  • We had a feeling of inertia in the afternoon.下午我们感觉很懒。
  • Inertia carried the plane onto the ground.飞机靠惯性着陆。
22 rejection FVpxp     
n.拒绝,被拒,抛弃,被弃
参考例句:
  • He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
  • The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。
23 ascertaining e416513cdf74aa5e4277c1fc28aab393     
v.弄清,确定,查明( ascertain的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • I was ascertaining whether the cellar stretched out in front or behind. 我当时是要弄清楚地下室是朝前还是朝后延伸的。 来自辞典例句
  • The design and ascertaining of permanent-magnet-biased magnetic bearing parameter are detailed introduced. 并对永磁偏置磁悬浮轴承参数的设计和确定进行了详细介绍。 来自互联网
24 dignify PugzfG     
vt.使有尊严;使崇高;给增光
参考例句:
  • It does not dignify the human condition. It does not elevate the human spirit.它不能使人活得更有尊严,不能提升人的精神生活。
  • I wouldn't dignify this trash by calling it a novel.这部劣等作品我是不会美称为小说的。
25 toll LJpzo     
n.过路(桥)费;损失,伤亡人数;v.敲(钟)
参考例句:
  • The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
  • The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。
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