LSAT模拟试题:LSAT模拟试题TEST3逻辑1c
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Questions 17-18

  Zelda: Dr. Ladlow, a research psychologist, has convincingly demonstrated that his theory about the determinants of rat behavior generates consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze1 On the basis of this evidence; Dr. Ladlow has claimed that his theory is irrefutably correct.

  Anson: Then Dr. ladlow is not responsible psychologist. Dr. ladlow's evidence does not conclusively2 prove that his theory is correct. Responsible psychologists always accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect.

  17. Which one of the following can be properly inferred from Anson's argument?

  (A) Dr. Ladlow's evidence that his theory generates consistently accurate predictions about how rates will perform in a maze is inaccurate3

  (B) Psychologists who can derive4 consistently accurate predictions about how rats will perform in a maze from their theories cannot responsibly conclude that those theories cannot be disproved

  (C) No matter how responsible psychologists are, they can never develop correct theoretical explanations.

  (D) Responsible psychologists do not make predictions about how rats will perform in a maze

  (E) Psychologists who accept the possibility that new evidence will show that their theories are incorrect are responsible psychologists.

  18. Anson bases his conclusion about Dr. Ladlow on which one of the following?

  (A) An attack on Dr. Ladlow's character

  (B) The application of a general principle

  (C) The use of an ambiguous term

  (D) The discrediting5 of facts

  (E) The rejection6 of a theoretical explanation

  19. Smith: Meat in the diet is healthy, despite what some people say. After all, most doctors do eat meat, and who knows more about health than doctors do?

  Which one of the following is a flaw in Smith's reasoning?

  (A) Attacking the opponents' motives7 instead of their argument

  (B) Generalizing on the basis of a sample consisting of a typical cases

  (C) Assuming at the outset what the argument claims to establish through reasoning

  (D) Appealing to authority, even when different authorities give conflicting advice about an issue

  (E) Taking for granted that experts do not act counter to what, according to their expertise9, in their best interest

  20. The rise in the prosperity of England subsequent to 1840 can be attributed to the adoption10 of the policy of free trade, since economic conditions improved only when that policy had been implemented11

  The reasoning in the above argument most closely parallels that in which one of the following?

  (A) An exhaustive search of the marshes13 last year revealed no sign of marsh12 hawks14, so it can be assumed that a similar search this year would reveal equally little sign of that kind of bird

  (B) Building a circular bypass road around Plainfield probably helped the flow of local traffic in the town center, since a circular bypass road generally cuts a city's through traffic markedly.

  (C) Before the banks raised their interest rates, people on average incomes could almost afford a mortgage for an amount twice their salary. Hence the rate increase has now put mortgages beyond their reach.

  (D) Since the improvement in the company's profitability began to occur after the vice8 president's new morale-building program was put in place, that program can be credited with the improved result.

  (E) The extinction15 of the dinosaurs16 was brought about by an asteroid17 colliding with Earth, so their extinction could not have come before the collision.

  21. During construction of the Quebec Bridge in 1907, the bridge's designer, Theodore Cooper, received word that the suspended span being built out from the bridge's cantilever18 was deflecting19 downward by fraction of an inch. Before he could telegraph to freeze the project, the whole cantilever arm broke off and plunged20, along with seven dozens workers, into the St. Lawrence River. It was the worst bridge construction disaster in history. As a direct result of the inquiry21 that followed, the engineering “rules of thumb” by which thousands of bridges had been built went down with the Quebec Bridge Twentieth-century bridge engineers would thereafter depend on far more rigorous applications of mathematical analysis.

  Which one of the following statements can be properly inferred from the passage?

  (A) Bridges built before about 1907 were built without thorough mathematical analysis and therefore, were unsafe for the public to use

  (B) Cooper's absence from the Quebec Bridge construction site resulted in the breaking off of the cantilever.

  (C) Nineteenth-century bridge engineers relied o their rules of thumb because analytical22 methods were inadequate23 to solve their design problems.

  (D) Only a more rigorous application of mathematical analysis to the design of the Quebec Bridge could have prevented its collapse24

  (E) Prior to 1907 the mathematical analysis incorporated in engineering rules of thumb was insufficient25 to completely assure the safety of bridges under construction.

  22. Most children find it very difficult to explain exactly what the words they use mean when those words do not refer to things that can be seen or touched. Yet since children are able to use these words to convey the feelings and emotions they are obviously experiencing, understanding what a word means clearly does not depend on being able to explain it.

  Which one of the following principles, if accepted, would provide the most justification26 for the conclusion?

  (A) The fact that a task is very difficult for most people does not mean that no one can do it.

  (B) Anyone who can provide an exact explanation of a word has a clear understanding of what that word means.

  (C) Words that refer to emotions invariably have less narrowly circumscribed27 conventional meanings than do word that refer to physical objects.

  (D) When someone appropriately uses a word to convey something that he or she is experiencing, that person understands what that word mean.

  (E) Words can be explained satisfactorily only when they refer to things that can be seen or touched

  Questions 23 – 24

  The brains of identical twins are genetically29 identical. When only one of a pair of identical twins is a schizophrenic, certain areas of the affected30 twin's brain are smaller than corresponding areas in the brain of the unaffected twin. No such differences are found when neither twin is schizophrenic. Therefore, this discovery provides definitive31 evidence that schizophrenia is caused by damage to the physical structure of the brain.

  23. Which one of the following is an assumption required by the argument?

  (A) The brain of person suffering from schizophrenia is smaller than the brain of anyone not suffering from schizophrenia

  (B) The relative smallness of certain parts of the brains of schizophrenics is not the result of schizophrenia or of medications used in its treatment.

  (C) The brain of a person with an identical twines32 no smaller, on average, than the brain of person who is not twines.

  (D) When a pair of identical twins both suffer from schizophrenia, their brains are the same size

  (E) People who have an identical twin are no more likely to suffer from schizophrenia than those who do not.

  24. If the statements on which the conclusion above is based are all true, each of the following cold be true EXCEPT:

  (A) People who lack a genetic28 susceptibility for the disease will not develop schizophrenia

  (B) Medications can control most of the symptoms of schizophrenia inmost patients but will never be able to cure it.

  (C) The brains of schizophrenics share many of the characteristics found in those of people without the disorder33.

  (D) It will eventually be possible to determine whether or not some one will develop schizophrenia on the basis of genetic information alone

  (E) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia are the result of childhood viral infections that inhibit34 the development of brain cells.

  25. Sixty adults were asked to keep a diary of their meals, including what they consumed, when, and in the company of how many people, It was found that at meals with which they drank alcoholic35 beverages36, they consumed about 175 calories more from nonalcoholic source than they did at meals with which they did not drink alcoholic beverages.

  Each of the following, if true, contributes to an explanation of the difference in caloric intake37 EXCEPT:

  (A) Diners spent a much longer time at meals served with alcohol than they did at those serve with out alcohol.

  (B) The meals eaten later in the day tended to be larger than those eaten earlier in the day, and later meals were more likely to include alcohol.

  (C) People eat more when there are more people present at the meal, and more people tended to be present at meal served with alcohol than at meals served without alcohol.

  (D) The meals that were most carefully prepared and most attractively served tended to be those at which alcoholic beverages were consumed

  (E) At meals that included alcohol, relatively more of the total calories consumed came from carbohydrates and relatively fewer of them came from fats and proteins



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 maze F76ze     
n.迷宫,八阵图,混乱,迷惑
参考例句:
  • He found his way through the complex maze of corridors.他穿过了迷宮一样的走廊。
  • She was lost in the maze for several hours.一连几小时,她的头脑处于一片糊涂状态。
2 conclusively NvVzwY     
adv.令人信服地,确凿地
参考例句:
  • All this proves conclusively that she couldn't have known the truth. 这一切无可置疑地证明她不可能知道真相。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • From the facts,he was able to determine conclusively that the death was not a suicide. 根据这些事实他断定这起死亡事件并非自杀。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 inaccurate D9qx7     
adj.错误的,不正确的,不准确的
参考例句:
  • The book is both inaccurate and exaggerated.这本书不但不准确,而且夸大其词。
  • She never knows the right time because her watch is inaccurate.她从来不知道准确的时间因为她的表不准。
4 derive hmLzH     
v.取得;导出;引申;来自;源自;出自
参考例句:
  • We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
  • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
5 discrediting 4124496afe2567b0350dddf4bfed5d5d     
使不相信( discredit的现在分词 ); 使怀疑; 败坏…的名声; 拒绝相信
参考例句:
  • It has also led to the discrediting of mainstream macroeconomics. 它还使得人们对主流宏观经济学产生了怀疑。
6 rejection FVpxp     
n.拒绝,被拒,抛弃,被弃
参考例句:
  • He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
  • The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。
7 motives 6c25d038886898b20441190abe240957     
n.动机,目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机
  • His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。
8 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
9 expertise fmTx0     
n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
参考例句:
  • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
  • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。
10 adoption UK7yu     
n.采用,采纳,通过;收养
参考例句:
  • An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
  • The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。
11 implemented a0211e5272f6fc75ac06e2d62558aff0     
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
12 marsh Y7Rzo     
n.沼泽,湿地
参考例句:
  • There are a lot of frogs in the marsh.沼泽里有许多青蛙。
  • I made my way slowly out of the marsh.我缓慢地走出这片沼泽地。
13 marshes 9fb6b97bc2685c7033fce33dc84acded     
n.沼泽,湿地( marsh的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Cows were grazing on the marshes. 牛群在湿地上吃草。
  • We had to cross the marshes. 我们不得不穿过那片沼泽地。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 hawks c8b4f3ba2fd1208293962d95608dd1f1     
鹰( hawk的名词复数 ); 鹰派人物,主战派人物
参考例句:
  • Two hawks were hover ing overhead. 两只鹰在头顶盘旋。
  • Both hawks and doves have expanded their conditions for ending the war. 鹰派和鸽派都充分阐明了各自的停战条件。
15 extinction sPwzP     
n.熄灭,消亡,消灭,灭绝,绝种
参考例句:
  • The plant is now in danger of extinction.这种植物现在有绝种的危险。
  • The island's way of life is doomed to extinction.这个岛上的生活方式注定要消失。
16 dinosaurs 87f9c39b9e3f358174d58a584c2727b4     
n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 );守旧落伍的人,过时落后的东西
参考例句:
  • The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
17 asteroid uo1yD     
n.小行星;海盘车(动物)
参考例句:
  • Astronomers have yet to witness an asteroid impact with another planet.天文学家还没有目击过小行星撞击其它行星。
  • It's very unlikely that an asteroid will crash into Earth but the danger exists.小行星撞地球的可能性很小,但这样的危险还是存在的。
18 cantilever IWizY     
n.悬梁臂;adj.采用伸臂建成的
参考例句:
  • The idea of cantilever construction is ancient in the Orient.在古代东方就已实行过悬臂施工。
  • The structure consists basically of two cantilever beams.这种结构基本上由两根悬臂梁组成。
19 deflecting 53909b980ea168975caea537d27c6cb4     
(使)偏斜, (使)偏离, (使)转向( deflect的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • A variety of mechanical surfaces have been employed for deflecting the exhaust jets of solid-propellant rockets. 人们已经用过各种类型的机械控制面来偏转固体推进剂火箭的排气流。
  • If she made a leading statement, he was expert deflecting her into more impersonal channels. 只要她一开口,他就会巧妙地把她的话题转到与个人无关的问题上去。
20 plunged 06a599a54b33c9d941718dccc7739582     
v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降
参考例句:
  • The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
  • She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳,从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。
21 inquiry nbgzF     
n.打听,询问,调查,查问
参考例句:
  • Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。
  • The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。
22 analytical lLMyS     
adj.分析的;用分析法的
参考例句:
  • I have an analytical approach to every survey.对每项调查我都采用分析方法。
  • As a result,analytical data obtained by analysts were often in disagreement.结果各个分析家所得的分析数据常常不一致。
23 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的,不适当的
参考例句:
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
24 collapse aWvyE     
vi.累倒;昏倒;倒塌;塌陷
参考例句:
  • The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。
25 insufficient L5vxu     
adj.(for,of)不足的,不够的
参考例句:
  • There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
  • In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代,科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
26 justification x32xQ     
n.正当的理由;辩解的理由
参考例句:
  • There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
  • In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。
27 circumscribed 7cc1126626aa8a394fa1a92f8e05484a     
adj.[医]局限的:受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 );划定…范围;限制;限定
参考例句:
  • The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law. 君主统治的权力受到了新法律的制约。
  • His activities have been severely circumscribed since his illness. 自生病以来他的行动一直受到严格的限制。 来自《简明英汉词典》
28 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的,遗传学的
参考例句:
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
29 genetically Lgixo     
adv.遗传上
参考例句:
  • All the bees in the colony are genetically related. 同一群体的蜜蜂都有亲缘关系。
  • Genetically modified foods have already arrived on American dinner tables. 经基因改造加工过的食物已端上了美国人的餐桌。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 基因与食物
30 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
31 definitive YxSxF     
adj.确切的,权威性的;最后的,决定性的
参考例句:
  • This book is the definitive guide to world cuisine.这本书是世界美食的权威指南。
  • No one has come up with a definitive answer as to why this should be so.至于为什么该这样,还没有人给出明确的答复。
32 twines af635617ae71a5ef270282ddb701a7ff     
n.盘绕( twine的名词复数 );麻线;捻;缠绕在一起的东西
参考例句:
  • The vine twines round the tree. 这藤盘绕在树干上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A stream twines across the valley. 一条小溪蜿蜒流过山谷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
33 disorder Et1x4     
n.紊乱,混乱;骚动,骚乱;疾病,失调
参考例句:
  • When returning back,he discovered the room to be in disorder.回家后,他发现屋子里乱七八糟。
  • It contained a vast number of letters in great disorder.里面七零八落地装着许多信件。
34 inhibit C7jxT     
vt.阻止,妨碍,抑制
参考例句:
  • Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。
  • They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。
35 alcoholic rx7zC     
adj.(含)酒精的,由酒精引起的;n.酗酒者
参考例句:
  • The alcoholic strength of brandy far exceeds that of wine.白兰地的酒精浓度远远超过葡萄酒。
  • Alcoholic drinks act as a poison to a child.酒精饮料对小孩犹如毒药。
36 beverages eb693dc3e09666bb339be2c419d0478e     
n.饮料( beverage的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • laws governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 控制酒类销售的法规
  • regulations governing the sale of alcoholic beverages 含酒精饮料的销售管理条例
37 intake 44cyQ     
n.吸入,纳入;进气口,入口
参考例句:
  • Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
  • There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。
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