This is the VOA Special English Economics¹ Report.

Peter Drucker, who died a year ago, was an expert on the ways of modern organizations. He was someone who truly earned the name of "managementguru." He liked to share his knowledge not by answering questions but by asking them.

Peter Drucker once said business people must ask themselves not "what do we want to sell?" but "what do people want to buy?"

He taught at the Claremont Graduate School of Management in California for more than 30 years. He also advised companies. And he wrote for the Wall Street Journal² opinion page for twenty years, until 1995. He commented on many economic and management issues.

Peter Drucker was born in Austria in 1909. In the late 1920s, he worked as a reporter in Frankfurt, Germany. He also studied international law.

He fled Germany as Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933. Peter Drucker spent four years in Britain as an adviser³ to investment⁴ banks. He then came to the United States.

He used his knowledge of international law to advise American businesses. He developed this advice into books on business methods and management.

In the middle of the 1940s, Peter Drucker argued that the desire for profit was central to business efforts. He also warned that rising wages were harming American business.

He was later invited to study General Motors. He wrote about his experiences in the book "The Concept⁵ of the Corporation⁶." In it, he said that workers at all levels should take part in decision-making, not just top managers.

Peter Drucker was a voice for change and new ways of thinking about social and business relations. He used terms like "knowledge workers" and "management goals." Many of his ideas have become highly⁷ valued in business training and politics.

Some people said he often only presented information that supported his arguments. But even his critics praised his clear reasoning.

Yet as times changed, so did his thinking. In 1993, he warned that a business that seeks too much profit helps its competitors.

Peter Drucker lived a long life. He died on November 11 of last year at his home in Claremont. He was 95 years old.

And that's the VOA Special English Economics Report, written by Mario Ritter. To learn more about business thinking, and to download MP3 files and transcripts⁸ of our reports, go to www.unsv.com. I'm Faith Lapidus.

guru : a recognized leader in a field（权威；领袖）