The Bank of England (BOE) shocked the country and the rest of the world yesterday by slashing¹ 1.5 percentage points off interest rates as part of its efforts to ward² off an economic recession.

The highest cut, from 4.5 to 3 percent, since the BOE was granted independence in 1997 takes the rate to the lowest level in half a century.

The move is apparently³ in response to huge pressure from industry and unions to make a deep cut in rates.

The European Central Bank (ECB) also cut its interest rate yesterday, reflecting worldwide concern over a deepening global recession.

But unlike the BOE, the ECB that covers 15 European countries met market expectations by cutting its rates by 0.5 percentage points, a move leaders hope will stimulate⁴ economies and limit job losses.

"We face an extraordinary high degree of uncertainty," ECB President Jean-Claude Trichet said.

The ECB benchmark rate is now 3.25 percent. The 15-nation euro zone's economy, which had grown steadily⁵ since the bloc's creation in 1999, shrank by 0.2 percent in the second quarter of this year, and most economists⁷ expect it to contract further in the third.

The Swiss national bank also cut its rates, by 50 basis points, citing a deteriorating⁸ global outlook.

The UK's drastic rate cut has come as a surprise to many economists because most of them expected a 0.5 percentage point cut.

Matthew Sharratt, UK economist⁶ at Bank of America, echoed widespread sentiment in calling the British cut "astonishing".

Jonathan Loynes of Capital Economics called it "spectacular". "There is still more to do," Loynes said.

"At 3 percent, UK interest rates are still well above US ones when economic conditions suggest they should be as low if not lower ... Our view remains⁹ that UK rates will fall to 1 percent or below."

Questions:

1. What did the Bank of England cut British interest rates from and to?

2. How long has it been since the interest rates were this low?

3. What does Jonathan Loynes of Capital Economics say when comparing the UK interest rates to US interest rates?

Answers:

1. From 4.5 to 3 percent.

2. Half a century or 50 years.

3. That UK interest rates are still well above US interest rates when economic conditions suggest they should be the same or lower.