The maker¹ of Tamiflu, the weapon at the heart of the fight against the H1N1 flu virus, says it is ramping² up production of the drug. The drug has a main ingredient largely supplied by China.

"We have delivered 5 million emergency stocks of Tamiflu to the World Health Organization," Cao Yong, spokesman for pharmaceutical³ giant Roche (Shanghai), told China Daily yesterday.

"Governments worldwide have already ordered about 220 million doses of the drug."

Oseltamivir, marketed through Roche as Tamiflu, is the antiviral drug considered by medical experts to be most effective against flu variants⁴ such as H5N1 (bird flu) and the ongoing⁵ H1N1 outbreak.

Cao said his company is boosting production to ensure a continuous and increasing supply.

Roche, based in Basel, Switzerland, can make as many as 400 million doses of Tamiflu a year. But increasing production to its maximum "takes some time", Cao said while also ruling out a price hike.

He said Roche is also increasing its stocks of the raw materials used in Tamiflu, including the star aniseed spice that produces shikimic acid - the major ingredient in the antiviral drug.

The dried, star-shaped fruit, mostly harvested from March to May, is a traditional ingredient in Chinese cuisine⁶. Star aniseed exported from China reportedly accounts for 80 percent of the world's total. The Guangxi Zhuang autonomous⁷ region is one of the world's largest producers, accounting⁸ for 85 percent of the world's total output.

Last week, Health Minister Chen Zhu suggested at a news conference that people add star aniseed when cooking pork because it would "certainly be a good treatment for the flu".

The ingredient is already the subject of rising prices in a number of Chinese markets. Retailers¹⁰ are reporting prices going up from about 9 yuan ($1.3) a kilogram for the spice to as much as 14 yuan a kilogram in places including Shanghai.

"In Guangxi, the wholesale¹¹ price of star aniseed has increased by 30 percent, from 7 yuan to the current 10 yuan per kilogram," said Li Yi, the secretary-general of the Guangxi flavors and fragrances¹² industry association.

Spice retailer⁹ Zhou Gendi added: "The price of star aniseed this week has jumped considerably¹³. Many people come to buy it as they believe star aniseed will help with the flu.”

Questions:

1. Who markets Tamiflu?

2. What is the actual medical name for Tamiflu?

3. What major ingredient does the star aniseed spice produce?

Answers:

1. Roche.

2. Oseltamivir.

3. Shikimic acid.