全国职称英语考试综合类AB级课堂笔记第1讲(2)
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

例题解析
Ø职称英语等级考试词汇量要求
申报B级的考生要求掌握5000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;申报A级的考生要求掌握6000个左右的单词和一定数量的短语;这些单词和短语大部分都是在阅读和日常英语中较为常见的词语和短语。如:

2003年职称英语B级考题
1. Can you follow the plot?
A. change       B. investigate     C. write        D. understand
D. 考点:考察常用多义词。
Follow: vt, vi(常与after连用)跟随,密切注意,明白
e.g. Sorry, I can not follow your method.
补充:
follow: vt. 听从;服从
e.g. The soldiers must follow the officers orders.士兵们必须执行军官的命令
as follows 如下
e.g. The results are as follows... 结果如下…
2. The outlook from the top of the mountain is breathtaking.
A. view     B. sight       C. look        D. point
A. 考察常见词。解题思路:借助搭配借题。参考解题技巧:形相近的往往不是解。
Sight: n.视力, 视觉, 眼界, 观看, [常用复]名胜; 风景
at first sight 一见就..., 初次看见时
at the sight of 一看见就...
be in/within sight看得见, 在眼前
catch [have, gain, get] sight of发现, 看出
come in[into] sight呈现在眼前
2003年职称英语A级考题
1. The union representative put across her argument very effectively.
A. explained        B. invented        C. considered      D. accepted
A. 考察常见动词短语结构。解题思路:借助搭配结构解题。
put across vt. 解释;表达
e.g. Im not putting my meaning across very well.
我未把我的意思解释清楚。
补充:
put forward: vt. 提出(意见、建议); 推荐;提名;推举 
In 1860, a better plan was put forward by an Englishman, William Low.
1860年,一个名叫威廉.娄的英国人提出了一项更好的计划。
put in vi. 打断;插嘴
e.g. ‘Dont forget us,’ she put in. “别忘了我们,”她插嘴道。
put off vt. 延期;推迟
e.g. Dont put off until tomorrow what can be done today.
今日可做的事不要拖到明天。
put up with vt. 忍受;忍耐;受苦
e.g. That woman, as a housewife, has a lot to put up with.
那个女人是个家庭主妇不得不忍受许多烦恼。
2. The fuel tanks had a capacity of 140 liters
A. function     B. ability        C. power       D. volume
D. 考察常见多义词。解题思路:借助搭配结构解题。
补充:
Capable: adj.有才能的, 有能力的; 可容纳的,  有资格的
e.g. a room capable of 20 people可容纳20人的房间
e.g. He is capable of judging art.他具有鉴赏艺术的能力。
Ø考试出题方向分析
词汇题部分不分专业类别,同级别的职称英语词汇题部分试题相同。词汇选项倾向于对名词,动词,形容词和副词这四种词类的考察,考试中有时也会涉及到介词短语。对跨词类词和词义宽的词的考察也是近年来的出题方向;而通常在词汇题的15道题中会有3-5个题是直接或间接出自当年的职称英语书上的词汇题部分。
Ø例题解析:
词汇选择(第1-15题,每题1分,共15分)
下面共有15句子,每个句子均有一个词或短语划有底横线,请从每个句子后面所给的四个选项中选择一个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1.A new system of quality control was brought in to overcome the defects in the firm’s products.
A) invested     B) introduced      C) installed       D) insisted
答案及解析:B. 解题思路:借助画线短语核心词(bring)的基本含义—“带来/引起”,并借助与画线结构相直接相关的结构含义(质量控制系统被。。)判断B是答案。
Invest: vt.(常与in连用)投入(资金,精力,时间等)
e.g. Ive invested a lot of time and effort in this plan. (喻)
我已在这计划中投入了大量的时间和精力
insist: vi, vt(常与on, that连用)主张;坚持, 坚持要求(宾语从句跟虚拟语气结构)
e.g. We insist on / upon self-reliance.
我们坚持自力更生。
e.g. We all insist that we not rest until we finish the work.
大家都坚决要求不完工就不休息
2.Techniques to harness the energy of the sun are being developed.
A) convert      B) store        C) utilize     D)receive
答案及解析: C. 解题思路:被选项是动词时关注所给句子中的空格后续结构,因此关注原句中的宾语:the energy of the sun(太阳能)。被选项中:convert通常用在convert…into…的结构中,而原句中没有这样的结构,所以排除A;而根据句意凭借常识store(储存)和 receive(接收)太阳能不是刚发展的新技术,所以也排除掉。答案为C。#p#

补充:
convert: vt.(常与into连用)转变;变换; 兑换
e.g. That building has been converted into a school.
那座楼房改成学校了。
e.g. I want to convert some Hong Kong dollars into American dollars.
我想把一些港元换成美元
3. Hundreds of years ago cloves1 (丁香)were used to remedy headaches.
A) disrupt      B) diagnose        C)  evaporate   D) cure
答案及解析: D. 解题思路:备选答案均为动词,关注原句中的宾语headaches(头痛)。解题思路:在习惯搭配上,B和D都可带“疾病类”的词作宾语,但头痛不用diagnose (诊断),却可cure (治疗)头痛,所以答案为D。另外diagnose 的用法是:diagnose… as...,如:The plastic surgeon diagnosed my illness as a rare bone disease./整形外科医生诊断出我的病是一种罕见的骨病。
4. Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on ones health.
A) result       B) factor        C)  cause   D) influence
答案及解析: D。 解题思路:从习惯搭配的角度解题:只有D才能和介词on搭配使用。
补充:
influence n. (常与on连用)影响力;感化力; vt. 影响
e.g. Many a woman has had an influence upon her husband. 许多妇女对其丈夫有影响。
Bearing: n. (与on, upon连用)关系
e.g. What they have done has no bearing on the promotion2 of sales.
他们所干的事情与这次促销活动毫无联系
5. Mary was compelled to take in washing to help support her family.
A) pleaded  B) appealed        C)  forced  D) instructed
答案及解析: C. 解题思路:借助句意:Mary。。在家里帮别人洗衣服以帮助养家糊口。而C的含义最合适句意。被选项中:
补充:
appeal常用appeal to sb./sth.的结构,表示:“呼吁,恳求,吸引,引起兴趣”;to appeal for aid/求助;
plead是 “恳求,托词,以…作藉口,为…辩护;为…抗辩”,plead the rights of the unemployed3 /为失业者的权利据理力争;
instruct教;通常的用法是:instruct sb. in sth. 如:instruct a class in history /教授一个班的历史;(常与to + inf连用)命令,如:instruct sb. to start early /命令某人早动身
take in: v. 接受, 吸收, 理解, 欺骗
take A for B: v. 把A误以为B
take ..into account/consideration: v. 重视, 考虑
take part in..: v. 参与, 参加
take pride in.. v. 以...为骄傲
6. They had a far better yield than any other farm miles around this year.
A) goods        B) soil
C) climate      D) harvest
答案及解析: D。在该句中yield 是用作名词(因为该词的前面有不定冠词a),解题思路:抓住句子中与划线部分相关的结构或用词特点。能与不定冠词a搭配使用的被选项只有C和D(气候,倾向, 风气,如:a mild climate温和的气候)。再借助句子中其他特征词:farm,判断harvest“收成”是答案。
Yield: vt, vi出产, (常与to连用)放弃;投降;让步 n.  产量;收成
e.g. That tree yields fruits. 这种树结果。
e.g. The army yielded when it was attacked.
当这支军队受到进攻时投降了
7. If a country wants to develop its economy successfully, there has to be a clear appraisal4 of its social needs.
A)aptitude5     B) assurance       C) insurance     D)assessment6 
答案及解析: D. 解题思路:搭配结构。
Appraisal n. 评价, 估价
Aptitude: n. 能力;才能;天资
assurance n 自信;把握 (= self-assurance) , 保险
e.g. life assurance 人寿保险
Assessment n.评估,看法
e.g. What is your assessment of the situation?
你对时局的看法如何
8. To a first-year student, the doctoral degree is a distant expectation.
A. aspect       B. respect        C. prospect7        D. spectacle
答案及解析:C.解题思路:句意。
Aspect n 模样;面貌, 方面
e.g. only one aspect of the problem
只是问题的一个方面
prospect n希望;期望
e.g. Theres not much prospect of Mr Smiths being elected as Congressman8.
史密斯先生被选为议员的希望不大。
Spectacle n.观览物, 展览物, 奇观, 景象 
9.During the past ten years there have been dramatic changes in the international situation.
A) p  ermanent        B) powerful

C) striking     D) practical
答案及解析: C. 解题思路:根据画线词的家族词(drama)的本义和与画线词搭配的结构的含义(变化),判断C是答案。
Striking: adj. 引人注意的;显著的
Dramatic: adj. 戏剧的;有关戏剧的; 引人注目的



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1 cloves 5ad54567fd694738fc0b84d05623a07a     
n.丁香(热带树木的干花,形似小钉子,用作调味品,尤用作甜食的香料)( clove的名词复数 );蒜瓣(a garlic ~|a ~of garlic)
参考例句:
  • My country is rich in cinnamon, cloves, ginger, pepper, and precious stones. 我国盛产肉桂、丁香、生姜、胡椒和宝石。 来自辞典例句
  • Ginger, nutmeg, cinnamon, pepper and cloves are common spices. 姜、肉豆蔻、肉桂、胡椒、丁香都是常用的香料。 来自辞典例句
2 promotion eRLxn     
n.提升,晋级;促销,宣传
参考例句:
  • The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
  • The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级,加了薪。
3 unemployed lfIz5Q     
adj.失业的,没有工作的;未动用的,闲置的
参考例句:
  • There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
  • The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。
4 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
5 aptitude 0vPzn     
n.(学习方面的)才能,资质,天资
参考例句:
  • That student has an aptitude for mathematics.那个学生有数学方面的天赋。
  • As a child,he showed an aptitude for the piano.在孩提时代,他显露出对于钢琴的天赋。
6 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
7 prospect P01zn     
n.前景,前途;景色,视野
参考例句:
  • This state of things holds out a cheerful prospect.事态呈现出可喜的前景。
  • The prospect became more evident.前景变得更加明朗了。
8 Congressman TvMzt7     
n.(美)国会议员
参考例句:
  • He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
  • The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。
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