PASSAGE 4
　　The Sea
　　What do you know about the sea？ We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it. We also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about it？
　　The first thing to remember is that the sea is very big. When you look at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land. The sea covers three quarters of the world.
　　The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere. Some parts of the sea are very shallow¹. But in some places the depth of the sea is very great. There is one spot， near Japan， where the sea is nearly 11 kilometers deep！ The highest mountain in the world is about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place， there would be 2 kilometers of water above it！ What a deep place！
　　If you have swum in the sea， you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers， which flow into the sea， carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are saltier than other parts. There is one sea， called the Dead Sea， which is very salty. It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink！ Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea！
　　In most parts of the sea， there are plenty of fishes and plants. Some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are so small that it is hard to see them. Many fish live by eating these.
　　The sea can be very cold divers² who go deep down in the sea， know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards³， the sea becomes colder and colder. Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper， the water above presses down on him. It squeezes⁴ him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship！ They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it. They went down to a depth of eleven kilometers！
　　1. The sea looks beautiful when it is calm.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　2. The land takes up 25% of the world.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　3. The sea is 6 kilometers in depth on average.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　4. The Dead Sea is so salty that nothing can live in it.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　5. The deeper one goes down in the sea， the fewer fishes and plants he can find.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　6. The deeper a diver goes down in the sea， the greater water pressure he hears.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　7. Divers have to use a very strong diving ship when they want to go down to the deepest part of the sea mainly because it is extremely cold there.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　KEYS： CACCBAB
　　PASSAGE 5
　　Dining Custom
　　Every land has its own dining custom， and the United States is no exception⁵. Americans feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6：30， the hostess expects him to be there at 6：30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking， she times the meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time she asks the guest to come. If he is late， the food will not be so good， and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time， he calls his host or hostess on the telephone， gives the reason， and tells at what time he thinks he can come.
　　As guests continue to arrive， the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing⁶ until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. A woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a man or a woman unless the woman is much older.
　　When the guests sit down at a dinner table， it is customary⁷ for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.
　　Even an American may be confused by the number of knives， forks， and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. The rule is simple， however， use them in the order in which they lie， beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad， which is often served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup， and so on. Sometimes there is a separate little knife， called a butter spreader， on a small bread-and-butter plate at the left. As the bread is passed， each guest puts his piece on the bread-and-butter plate.
　　1. As a country of immigrants⁸， the U.S. does not have its own dining customs.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　2. The guest is expected to arrive on time because the coffee and meat will be at their best at the time he is required to come.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　3. A woman usually rises when she is being introduced to an aged⁹ gentleman.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　4. At a dinner table， it is customary for the men to arrange chairs for ladies.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　5. At formal American dinner， the knives， forks， and spoons beside the plate are placed in a certain order.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　6. The right order to use the knives， forks and spoons at a formal dinner is from the left to the right.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　7. At a formal dinner， bread is usually served together with salad and soup.
　　A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
　　KEY： BABCABC

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