2008年职称英语考试基础词汇重点解析(10b)
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2008-03-11 03:04 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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 *Ⅳ不定式的完成式和进行式的用法 (仅仅需要稍微了解即可)
  1.完成式表示的动作发生在句子谓语表示的动作之前。如:
  I’m sorry not to have come on Thursday. 来源:
  星期四那天我没有来,很抱歉。
  The earth is said to have been part of the sun.
  据说地球过去曾经是太阳的一部分。
  2.进行式一般表示正在进行中的动作,强调与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。如:
  I noticed that he seemed to be smoking a lot.
  我注意到他似乎烟抽得太多。
  I happened to be lying in bed when she came in.
  她进来时,我碰巧正躺在床上。
  小结:
  1) 不定式可做除谓语以外的任何其他成分----主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、状语、定语:不定式本身也有时态和语态的问题。每个不定式都有其逻辑主语,如果逻辑主语是动作的发出者,不定式用主动式,如果其逻辑主语是动作的承受者,不定式用被动式。
  如:The doctor recommended him to clean the room. 医生建议他打扫房间。
  如:The doctor recommended the room to be cleaned. 医生建议打扫房间。
  2) 不定式的符号to 在一些特殊情况下经常被省略。
  A) 当几个动词不定式具有同样的功能时,to 只用在第一个动词不定式之前。
  B) 在以why 引导的疑问句中不用to
  e.g. He asked why (to) stay here.
  C) 在had better, would rather, rather than, would sooner(宁愿), can not but(不得不), cannot help but, do nothing but(只能)等结构后不用to
  D) 在hear, listen to, feel, see, look at, watch, notice, let, make, have, leave, help等动词后,动词不定式做宾语补足语时不用to
  不定式结构的考察在职称英语考题中主要是以完成句子题(可能涉及到不定式结构)和文章中句子句意理解这样的题出现。
  如:2003年综合B/A级完成句子考题:Keeping Cut Flowers
  30. Another important way to prolong1 the life of cut flowers is ____.
  A. by keeping its original shape and color
  B. in the life of the cut flower
  C. to produce carbon dioxide
  D. for as long as possible
  E. by controlling temperature
  F. to replace the water and solution every day
  文章相关句子:Another vital factor in keeping cut flowers is the quality of the water…
  ……………. The water and solution should also be replaced each day.
  如:2002年理工类阅读理解第1篇文章Mobile Phones中的第一个问题:
  According to Robert Bell, if mobile2 phones prove to be dangerous to people's health,(系动词+ 表语)
  A. they should be banned immediately.
  B. the use of them should be restricted3.
  C. all transmitter to towers should be torn down.
  D. a warning label should be attached.
  解答:问题问“如果手机被证明对人的健康有害,那么。。”,文章中第1段的最后一句:If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields4 can be devised5. 该句的不定式结构表述的语义与问题句中条件句(带不定式结构的谓语)的含义一致,所以判断该句是答案相关句,并根据句意选择答案D。
  2005年卫生类C级阅读理解文章中也有考题直接涉及到不定式结构:
  If you draw your money before it is due, you will have to ___.
  A. pay interest to the bank

        B. open a new account
  C. pay a penalty6 or fee
  D. 分析: have to 是“不得不/必须”, to是不定式符号。问题句是说“如果在你在你的前的前到期之前取钱,你将不得不…”。借助我们的相关背景知识可以对这道题进行直接判断:D(支付违约罚金或手续费)合适。



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1 prolong HRDxq     
vt.延长,拉长,拖延
参考例句:
  • He has decided to prolong his visit through the weekend.他已决定把他的访问延长到过完周末。
  • People have all along been seeking to prolong life.人们一直在寻求长寿之道。
2 mobile l6dzu     
adj.可移动的,易变的,机动的;n.运动物体
参考例句:
  • The old lady sits on a mobile chair every morning.那位老妇人每天上午坐在一把可携带使用的椅子上。
  • She's much more mobile now that she's bought a car.自从她买了汽车后,活动量就大多了。
3 restricted njezzw     
adj.有限的;受约束的
参考例句:
  • Speed is restricted to 30 mph in towns. 在城里车速不得超过每小时30英里。
  • a restricted range of foods 有限的食物种类
4 shields b859020301a707ace5f2fdceaf180dba     
n.盾( shield的名词复数 );护罩;盾形奖牌;保护人v.掩护( shield的第三人称单数 );庇护;给…加防护罩
参考例句:
  • Spears hurtled against shields. 矛猛击在盾上。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • Radiation shields are commonly used to reduce radiation errors. 辐射屏蔽罩一般用于降低辐射误差。 来自辞典例句
5 devised 1956193ab29aafb1e29067bdbbfff377     
想出( devise的过去式和过去分词 ); 计划; 设计; 发明
参考例句:
  • A new system has been devised to control traffic in the city. 控制城市交通的新系统已经设计出来。
  • He has devised a scheme for making money. 他想出一个赚钱的办法。
6 penalty LSQzm     
n.处罚,刑罚,罚款
参考例句:
  • If you knock the ball with your hand in football,you will suffer a penalty.如果在踢足球时你用手碰到球,你将受到处罚。
  • One of those arrested could face the death penalty.被捕的那些人中有一人可能被判死刑。
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