中华人民共和国民法通则 14(3)
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第五章 民事权利 第一节 财产所有权和与财产所有权有关的财产权 

Chapter V Civil Rights Section 1 Property Ownership and Related Property Rights 

 

第七十一条 财产所有权是指所有人依法对自己的财产享有占有、使用、收益和处分的权利。 

Article 71 "Property ownership" means the owner's rights to lawfully2 possess, utilize3, profit from and dispose of his property. 

 

第七十二条 财产所有权的取得,不得违反法律规定。 

Article 72 Property ownership shall not be obtained in violation4 of the law. 

 

按照合同或者其他合法方式取得财产的,财产所有权从财产交付时起转移,法律另有规定或者当事人另有约定的除外。 

Unless the law stipulates5 otherwise or the parties concerned have agreed on other arrangements, the ownership of property obtained by contract or by other lawful1 means shall be transferred simultaneously6 with the property itself. 

 

第七十三条 国家财产属于全民所有。 

Article 73 State property shall be owned by the whole people. 

 

国家财产神圣不可侵犯,禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、截留、破坏。 

State property is sacred and inviolable, and no organization or individual shall be allowed to seize, encroach upon, privately7 divide, retain or destroy it. 

 

第七十四条 劳动群众集体组织的财产属于劳动群众集体所有,包括: 

Article 74 Property of collective organizations of the working masses shall be owned collectively by the working masses. This shall include: 

 

(一)法律规定为集体所有的土地和森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂等; 

(1) land, forests, mountains, grasslands8, unreclaimed land, beaches and other areas that are stipulated9 by law to be under collective ownership; 

 

(二)集体经济组织的财产; 

(2) property of collective economic organizations; 

 

(三)集体所有的建筑物、水库、农田水利设施和教育、科学、文化、卫生、体育等设施; 

(3) collectively owned buildings, reservoirs, farm irrigation facilities and educational, scientific, cultural, health, sports and other facilities;  

 

(四)集体所有的其他财产。 

and (4) other property that is collectively owned. 

 

集体所有的土地依照法律属于村农民集体所有,由村农业生产合作社等农业集体经济组织或者村民委员会经营、管理。 

Collectively owned land shall be owned collectively by the village peasants in accordance with the law and shall be worked and managed by village agricultural production cooperatives, other collective agricultural economic organizations or villages' committees.  

 

已经属于乡(镇)农民集体经济组织所有的,可以属于乡(镇)农民集体所有。 

Land already under the ownership of the township (town) peasants' collective economic organizations may be collectively owned by the peasants of the township (town).  

 

集体所有的财产受法律保护,禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、私分、破坏或者非法查封、扣押、冻结、没收。 

Collectively owned property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may seize, encroach upon, privately divide, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain10, freeze or confiscate11 it. 

 

第七十五条 公民的个人财产,包括公民的合法收入、房屋、储蓄、生活用品、文物、图书资料、林木、牲畜和法律允许公民所有的生产资料以及其他合法财产。 

Article 75 A citizen's personal property shall include his lawfully earned income, housing, savings12, articles for daily use, objects d'art, books, reference materials, trees, livestock13, as well as means of production the law permits a citizen to possess and other lawful property.  

 

公民的合法财产受法律保护,禁止任何组织或者个人侵占、哄抢、破坏或者非法查封、扣押、冻结、没收。 

A citizen's lawful property shall be protected by law, and no organization or individual may appropriate, encroach upon, destroy or illegally seal up, distrain, freeze or confiscate it. 

 

第七十六条 公民依法享有财产继承权。 

Article 76 Citizens shall have the right of inheritance under the law. 

 

第七十七条 社会团体包括宗教团体的合法财产受法律保护。 

Article 77 The lawful property of social organizations, including religious organizations, shall be protected by law. 

 

第七十八条 财产可以由两个以上的公民、法人共有。 

Article 78 Property may be owned jointly15 by two or more citizens or legal persons. 

 

共有分为按份共有和共同共有。按份共有人按照各自的份额,对共有财产分享权利,分担义务。共同共有人对共有财产享有权利,承担义务。 

There shall be two kinds of joint14 ownership, namely co-ownership by shares and common ownership. Each of the co-owners by shares shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property in proportion to his share. Each of the common owners shall enjoy the rights and assume the obligations respecting the joint property.  #p#分页标题#e#

 

按份共有财产的每个共有人有权要求将自己的份额分出或者转让。 

Each co-owner by shares shall have the right to withdraw his own share of the joint property or transfer its ownership.  

 

但在出售时,其他共有人在同等条件下,有优先购买的权利。 

However, when he offers to sell his share, the other co-owners shall have a right of pre-emption if all other conditions are equal. 

 

第七十九条 所有人不明的埋藏物、隐藏物,归国家所有。接收单位应当对上缴的单位或者个人,给予表扬或者物质奖励。 

Article 79 If the owner of a buried or concealed16 object is unknown, the object shall belong to the state. The unit that receives the object shall commend or give a material reward to the unit or individual that turns in the object. 

 

拾得遗失物、漂流物或者失散的饲养动物,应当归还失主,因此而支出的费用由失主偿还。 

Lost-and-found objects, flotsam and stray animals shall be returned to their rightful owners, and any costs thus incurred17 shall be reimbursed18 by the owners. 

 

第八十条 国家所有的土地,可以依法由全民所有制单位使用,也可以依法确定由集体所有制单位使用,国家保护它的使用、收益的权利;使用单位有管理、保护、合理利用的义务。 

Article 80 State-owned land may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; it may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of the land, and the usufructuary shall be obligated to manage, protect and properly use the land. 

 

公民、集体依法对集体所有的或者国家所有由集体使用的土地的承包经营权,受法律保护。 

The right of citizens and collectives to contract for management of land under collective ownership or of state-owned land under collective use shall be protected by law.  

 

承包双方的权利和义务,依照法律由承包合同规定。 

The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract signed in accordance with the law. 

 

土地不得买卖、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法转让。 

Land may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means.

 

第八十一条 国家所有的森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面等自然资源,可以依法由全民所有制单位使用,也可以依法确定由集体所有制单位使用,国家保护它的使用、收益的权利;使用单位有管理、保护、合理利用的义务。 

Article 81 State-owned forests, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land, beaches, water surfaces and other natural resources may be used according to law by units under ownership by the whole people; or they may also be lawfully assigned for use by units under collective ownership. The state shall protect the usufruct of those resources, and the usufructuary shall be obliged to manage, protect and properly use them. 

 

国家所有的矿藏,可以依法由全民所有制单位和集体所有制单位开采,也可以依法由公民采挖。国家保护合法的采矿权。 

State-owned mineral resources may be mined according to law by units under ownership by the whole people and units under collective ownership; 

 

公民、集体依法对集体所有的或者国家所有由集体使用的森林、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂、水面的承包经营权,受法律保护。 

citizens may also lawfully mine such resources. The state shall protect lawful mining rights. 

 

承包双方的权利和义务,依照法律由承包合同规定。 

The rights and obligations of the two contracting parties shall be stipulated in the contract in accordance with the law. 

 

国家所有的矿藏、水流,国家所有的和法律规定属于集体所有的林地、山岭、草原、荒地、滩涂不得买卖、出租、抵押或者以其他形式非法转让。 

State-owned mineral resources and waters as well as forest land, mountains, grasslands, unreclaimed land and beaches owned by the state and those that are lawfully owned by collectives may not be sold, leased, mortgaged or illegally transferred by any other means. 

 

第八十二条 全民所有制企业对国家授予它经营管理的财产依法享有经营权,受法律保护。 

Article 82 Enterprises under ownership by the whole people shall lawfully enjoy the rights of management over property that the state has authorized19 them to manage and operate, and the rights shall be protected by law. 

 

第八十三条 不动产的相邻各方,应当按照有利生产、方便生活、团结互助、公平合理的精神,正确处理截水、排水、通行、通风、采光等方面的相邻关系。给相邻方造成妨碍或者损失的,应当停止侵害,排除妨碍,赔偿损失。 

Article 83 In the spirit of helping20 production, making things convenient for people's lives, enhancing unity21 and mutual22 assistance, and being fair and reasonable, neighbouring users of real estate shall maintain proper neighbourly relations over such matters as water supply, drainage, passageway, ventilation and lighting23. Anyone who causes obstruction24 or damage to his neighbour, shall stop the infringement25, eliminate the obstruction and compensate26 for the damage.#p#分页标题#e#



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1 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的
参考例句:
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
2 lawfully hpYzCv     
adv.守法地,合法地;合理地
参考例句:
  • Lawfully established contracts shall be protected by law. 依法成立的合同应受法律保护。 来自口语例句
  • As my lawfully wedded husband, in sickness and in health, till death parts us. 当成是我的合法丈夫,无论疾病灾难,直到死亡把我们分开。 来自电影对白
3 utilize OiPwz     
vt.使用,利用
参考例句:
  • The cook will utilize the leftover ham bone to make soup.厨师要用吃剩的猪腿骨做汤。
  • You must utilize all available resources.你必须利用一切可以得到的资源。
4 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
5 stipulates 5c9afbf42331f6dbc8e7cd0e43b34e17     
n.(尤指在协议或建议中)规定,约定,讲明(条件等)( stipulate的名词复数 );规定,明确要求v.(尤指在协议或建议中)规定,约定,讲明(条件等)( stipulate的第三人称单数 );规定,明确要求
参考例句:
  • The trade contract stipulates for the settlement of balances in RMB. 贸易合同规定余额以人民币结算。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The contract stipulates for the use of seasoned timber. 合同上订明用干透的木料。 来自辞典例句
6 simultaneously 4iBz1o     
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
参考例句:
  • The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
7 privately IkpzwT     
adv.以私人的身份,悄悄地,私下地
参考例句:
  • Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
  • The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。
8 grasslands 72179cad53224d2f605476ff67a1d94c     
n.草原,牧场( grassland的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Songs were heard ringing loud and clear over the grasslands. 草原上扬起清亮激越的歌声。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Grasslands have been broken and planted to wheat. 草原已经开垦出来,种上了小麦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
9 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
10 distrain juJz3k     
n.为抵债而扣押
参考例句:
  • If he doesn't pay,the court will distrain upon him.如果他不付款,法院会扣押他的财物。
  • The owner may ask the court for an order to distrain upon the furniture of any person who fails to pay his rent.房主可以要求法院下令,扣押所有不付租金的人的家具。
11 confiscate 8pizd     
v.没收(私人财产),把…充公
参考例句:
  • The police have the right to confiscate any forbidden objects they find.如发现违禁货物,警方有权查扣。
  • Did the teacher confiscate your toy?老师没收你的玩具了吗?
12 savings ZjbzGu     
n.存款,储蓄
参考例句:
  • I can't afford the vacation,for it would eat up my savings.我度不起假,那样会把我的积蓄用光的。
  • By this time he had used up all his savings.到这时,他的存款已全部用完。
13 livestock c0Wx1     
n.家畜,牲畜
参考例句:
  • Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
  • The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。
14 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
15 jointly jp9zvS     
ad.联合地,共同地
参考例句:
  • Tenants are jointly and severally liable for payment of the rent. 租金由承租人共同且分别承担。
  • She owns the house jointly with her husband. 她和丈夫共同拥有这所房子。
16 concealed 0v3zxG     
a.隐藏的,隐蔽的
参考例句:
  • The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。
  • I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。
17 incurred a782097e79bccb0f289640bab05f0f6c     
[医]招致的,遭受的; incur的过去式
参考例句:
  • She had incurred the wrath of her father by marrying without his consent 她未经父亲同意就结婚,使父亲震怒。
  • We will reimburse any expenses incurred. 我们将付还所有相关费用。
18 reimbursed ca62e2177b2f3520aa42f86b71b836ce     
v.偿还,付还( reimburse的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Any out-of-pocket expenses incurred on the firm's business will be reimbursed. 由公司业务产生的开销都可以报销。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Employees are reimbursed for any legal fees incurred when they relocate. 员工调往异地工作时,他们可以报销由此产生的所有法律服务费用。 来自《简明英汉词典》
19 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
20 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
21 unity 4kQwT     
n.团结,联合,统一;和睦,协调
参考例句:
  • When we speak of unity,we do not mean unprincipled peace.所谓团结,并非一团和气。
  • We must strengthen our unity in the face of powerful enemies.大敌当前,我们必须加强团结。
22 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
23 lighting CpszPL     
n.照明,光线的明暗,舞台灯光
参考例句:
  • The gas lamp gradually lost ground to electric lighting.煤气灯逐渐为电灯所代替。
  • The lighting in that restaurant is soft and romantic.那个餐馆照明柔和而且浪漫。
24 obstruction HRrzR     
n.阻塞,堵塞;障碍物
参考例句:
  • She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。
  • The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。
25 infringement nbvz3     
n.违反;侵权
参考例句:
  • Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。
  • The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯
26 compensate AXky7     
vt.补偿,赔偿;酬报 vi.弥补;补偿;抵消
参考例句:
  • She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。
  • Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。
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