“黑市”一词
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-04-05 03:29 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
汉语中的“黑市”一词好像是在抗日战争期间出现的。这个词到了解放初盛极而衰,不怎么用了。由于“四人帮”作恶,“黑市”又随黑市而复活了。英语学习者大都知道:“黑市”即“black market”。

  “黑市”是针对“正式市场”、“官方市场”而言的。但由于“黑市”之使用达到一定的频率,就需要一个同“黑市”相应的通俗语来称呼长达四音节的“正式市场”。于是汉语和英语中就不约而同地出现了“白市”和“white market”这样的词。下列中,“white market”就是同“black market”相对而言的:

  1.

  The/U.S. gas/white market could ease rigidities in the system and help fend1 off black markets...

  ——Newsweek, February 3, 1975, p. 28

  2.

  Last week the Administration disclosed the details of its proposed emergency rationing3 plan. Each registered vehicle would be limited to a fixed4 number of gallons per week, and any driver who did not use his quota5 could sell his ration2 coupons6 on a "white market"...

  ——Time, December 17, May 1980, p

  正如有了“开门”和“关门”之后出现了“半开门”这个词一样,按理在有了“黑市”和“白市”之后也该来了“灰市”才好。应该承认,在这一点上,英语确实要比汉语发展得快——汉语尚无“灰市” 一词,而英语中的“gray market”却早已出现了。

  3.

  The only unfaked enthusiasm/of the Russians/is for Western rock tapes, obtained On the gray market...

  ——Harpers, March 1976. p.

  严格地说,黑市、白市的分界线在于是否合法。既然非法市场与合法市场互为反义,而黑白亦互为反义;那么比照以“黑市”称非法市场,当然要以“白市”称合法市场了。可见,从“black market”到“white market”直到“gray market”的发展,也是类比构词法(word formation by analogy)的一个实例



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1 fend N78yA     
v.照料(自己),(自己)谋生,挡开,避开
参考例句:
  • I've had to fend for myself since I was 14.我从十四岁时起就不得不照料自己。
  • He raised his arm up to fend branches from his eyes.他举手将树枝从他眼前挡开。
2 ration CAxzc     
n.定量(pl.)给养,口粮;vt.定量供应
参考例句:
  • The country cut the bread ration last year.那个国家去年削减面包配给量。
  • We have to ration the water.我们必须限量用水。
3 rationing JkGzDl     
n.定量供应
参考例句:
  • Wartime austerities included food rationing and shortage of fuel. 战时的艰苦包括食物配给和燃料短缺。
  • Food rationing was abolished in that country long ago. 那个国家早就取消了粮食配给制。
4 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
5 quota vSKxV     
n.(生产、进出口等的)配额,(移民的)限额
参考例句:
  • A restricted import quota was set for meat products.肉类产品设定了进口配额。
  • He overfulfilled his production quota for two months running.他一连两个月超额完成生产指标。
6 coupons 28882724d375042a7b19db1e976cb622     
n.礼券( coupon的名词复数 );优惠券;订货单;参赛表
参考例句:
  • The company gives away free coupons for drinks or other items. 公司为饮料或其它项目发放免费赠券。 来自辞典例句
  • Do you have any coupons? 你们有优惠卡吗? 来自英汉 - 翻译样例 - 口语
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