全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于禁毒的决定
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(Adopted at the 17th Meeting of the Standing1 Committee of the Seventh National People's Congress on December 28, 1990, promulgated2 by Order No. 38 of the President of the People's Republic of China on December 28, 1990, and effective as of December 28, 1990)(Editor's Note: In accordance with the provisions of Article 452 of the Criminal Law of the People's Republic of China revised at the Fifth Session of the Eighth National People's Congress on March 14, 1997, and effective on October 1, 1997, the provisions regarding administrative3 penalties and administrative measures in this Decision shall continue to be in force and the provisions regarding criminal liability have been incorporated into the revised Criminal Law)
颁布日期:19901228  实施日期:19901228  颁布单位:全国人大常委会

  With a view to severely4 punishing such criminal activities as smuggling5, trafficking in, transporting and manufacturing narcotic6 drugs and illegal cultivation7 of their mother plants and strictly8 prohibiting drug ingestion and injection, so as to protect citizens' physical and mental health, maintain social security and public order and ensure the smooth progress of the socialist9 modernization10 drive, the following decision is made:

  1. As used in this Decision, the term “narcotic drugs” means opium11heroin12, morphine, marijuana, cocaine13 and other narcotics14 and psychotropic substances that are liable to make people addicted15 to their use and that are controlled by relevant regulations of the State Council.

  2. Whoever smuggles17, traffics in, transports or manufactures narcotic drugs and comes under any of the following categories, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment18 of fifteen years, life imprisonment or death and shall concurrently19 be sentenced to confiscation20 of property:

  (1) persons who smuggle16, traffic in, transport or manufacture opium of not less than 1,000 grams, heroin of not less than 50 grams or other narcotic drugs of large quantities;

  (2) ringleaders of gangs engaged in smuggling, trafficking in, transporting or manufacturing narcotic drugs;

  (3) persons who shield with arms the smuggling, trafficking in, transporting or manufacturing of narcotic drugs;

  (4) persons who violently resist inspection21detention22 or arrest, the circumstances being serious; or

  (5) persons involved in organized international drug trafficking.

  Whoever smuggles, traffics in, transports or manufactures opium of not less than 200 grams but less than 1,000 grams, or heroin of not less than 10 grams but less than 50 grams or any other narcotic drugs of relatively23 large quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine.

  Whoever smuggles, traffics in, transports or manufactures opium of less than 200 grams, or heroin of less than 10 grams or any other narcotic drugs of small quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven years, criminal detention or public surveillance and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine.

  Whoever makes use of minors24 or aids and abets25 them to smuggle, traffic in, transport or manufacture narcotic drugs shall be given a heavier punishment.

  With respect to persons who have smuggled26, trafficked in, transported or manufactured narcotic drugs many times and have not been dealt with, the quantity of narcotic drugs thus involved shall be computed27 accumulatively.

  3. It shall be prohibited for any person to illegally possess narcotic drugs. Whoever illegally possesses opium of notless than 1,000 grams, or heroin of not less than 50 grams, or any other narcotic drugs of large quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years or life imprisonment, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine; whoever illegally possesses opium of not less than 200 grams but less than 1,000 grams, or heroin of not less than 10 grams but less than 50 grams, or any other narcotic drugs of relatively large quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine; whoever illegally possesses opium of less than 200 grams, or heroin of less than 10 grams, or any other narcotic drugs of small quantities shall be punished as provided in the first paragraph of Article 8 of this Decision.

  4. Whoever shields offenders29 engaged in smuggling, trafficking in, transporting or manufacturing narcotic drugs, whoever harbours, transfers or covers up, for such offenders, narcotic drugs or their pecuniary30 and other gains from such criminal activities, or whoever conceals31 or withholds32 the illegal nature and source of their pecuniary and other gains from trafficking in narcotic drugs shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine.

  Conspirators33 to a crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed as accomplices35 in the crime of smuggling, trafficking in, transporting or manufacturing narcotic drugs and punished as such.

  5. Acetic36 anhydride, ether, chloroform and other substances that are usually used in the manufacture of narcotics and psychotropic substances shall be strictly controlled in accordance with relevant regulations of the State. Illicittransportation or carrying of such substances into or out of the territory of China shall be strictly prohibited. Who ever illegally transports or carries into or out of the territory of China any substance mentioned above shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine; where large quantities are involved, the offender28 shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine; and where relatively small quantities are involved, the offender shall be punished in accordance with relevant provisions of the Customs Law.

  Whoever provides other persons with substances mentioned in the preceding paragraph, while knowing that those persons manufacture narcotic drugs, shall be deemed as an accomplice34 in the crime of manufacturing narcotic drugs and punished as such.

  If a unit commits any illicit37 or criminal act prescribed in the two preceding paragraphs, the person(s) directly in charge and other person(s) directly involved in it shall be punished as prescribed in the two preceding paragraphs, and the unit shall also be subjected to a fine or a penalty.

  6. Whoever illegally cultivates mother plants of narcotic drugs, such as opium poppy and marijuana, shall be forced to uproot38 them. Whoever is under any of the following circumstances shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine:

  (1) cultivating opium poppy of not less than 500 plants but less than 3,000 plants or any mother plants of other narcotic drugs in relatively large quantities;

  (2) cultivating any mother plant of narcotic drugs again after being dealt with by the public security organ: or

  (3) resisting the uprooting39 of such mother plants.

  Whoever illegally cultivates opium poppy of not less than 3,000 plants or any mother plants of other narcotic drugs in large quantities shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine or confiscation of property.

  Whoever illegally cultivates opium poppy of less than 500 plants or any mother plants of other narcotic drugs in relatively small quantities shall be punished by the public security organ with detention of not more than fifteen days, and may also be punished with a penalty of not more than 3,000 yuan.

  Persons illegally cultivating opium poppy or any mother plants of other narcotic drugs who voluntarily uproot them before harvest may be exempted40 from punishment.

  7. Whoever lures41, aids and abets, or cheats others into drug ingestion or injection shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven years, criminal detention or public surveillance, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine.

  Whoever forces others to ingest or inject narcotic drugs shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years but not more than ten years, and shall concurrently be sentenced to a fine.

  Whoever lures, aids and abets, cheats or forces minors into ingesting or injecting narcotic drugs shall be given a heavier punishment.

  8. Whoever ingests or injects narcotic drugs shall be punished by the public security organ with detention of not more than fifteen days, and may simply or concurrently be punished with a fine of not more than 2,000 yuan, and the narcotic drugs and the instruments used for drug ingestion or injection shall concurrently be confiscated42.

  Whoever is addicted to drug ingestion or injection shall, in addition to being punished as provided in the preceding paragraph, be forced to quit the addiction43 and be subjected to treatment and education. Persons who ingest or inject narcotic drugs again after being forced to quit may be subjected to rehabilitation44 through labour and shall be forced to quit during the period.

  9. Whoever provides shelter for others to ingest or inject narcotic drugs and sells narcotic drugs therein shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of the Decision.

  10. For medical, teaching and research purposes, the competent department of public health administration of the state may, in accordance with provisions of laws and administrative rules and regulations, designate specific places and pharmaceutical45 factories to cultivate or manufacture limited quantities of, mother plants of narcotic drugs, or narcotics and psychotropic substances. Units and persons who are allowed by law to engage in manufacture, transportation, administration or utilization46 of State-controlled narcotics and psychotropic substances shall strictly observe the regulations of the State concerning the control of such substances.

  Persons who are allowed by law to engage in manufacture, transportation, administration or utilization of State-controlled narcotics and psychotropic substances and who, in violation47 of relevant regulations of the State, provide such substances to persons who ingest or inject narcotic drugs shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than seven years or criminal detention, and may concurrently be sentenced to a fine. Persons who provide such substances to drug smugglers or traffickers, or, for the purpose of profit, to persons who ingest or inject narcotic drugs shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of Article 2 of this Decision.

  If a unit commits any illicit or criminal act prescribed in the second paragraph of this Article, the person(s) directly in charge and other person(s) directly involved in it shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the second paragraph of this Article, and the unit shall also be punished with a fine.

  11. Any State functionary48 who commits any crime prescribed in this Decision shall be given a heavier punishment.

  Persons who were punished for crimes of smuggling, trafficking in, transporting, manufacturing or illegally possessing narcotic drugs commits a crime prescribed in this Decision again shall be given a heavier punishment.

  12. Uncovered narcotic drugs, illegal proceeds from drug-related crimes, gains from such proceeds and the funds and means used for commission of the crimes shall all be confiscated. The confiscated drugs and instruments used for drugingestion or injection shall in accordance with regulations of the State be destroyed or disposed of otherwise. All gains from fines, penalties and confiscation's shall be turned over to the State Treasury49.

  13. This Decision shall be applicable to citizens of the People's Republic of China who commit the crimes of smuggling, trafficking in, transporting or manufacturing narcotic drugs outside the territory of the People's Republic of China.

  With respect to foreigners who, after committing the crimes mentioned in the preceding paragraph outside the territory of the People's Republic of China, have entered the territory of China, the Chinese judicial50 organ shall have jurisdiction51 and this Decision shall apply, with the exception of those who shall be extradited pursuant to the international conventions or bilateral52 treaties which China has acceded53 to or concluded.

  14. Persons committing the crimes prescribed in this Decision who perform meritorious54 service by informing against or exposing other drug-related crimes shall be given a lighter55 or mitigated56 punishment or be exempted from punishment.

  15. Citizens shall have the duty to inform against and expose illicit or criminal acts prescribed in this Decision. The State shall award persons who inform against or expose criminal activities such as smuggling, trafficking in, transporting or manufacturing narcotic drugs and persons who perform meritorious service in the prohibition57 against narcotic drugs.

  16. This Decision shall enter into force as of the date of promulgation58.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
2 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
3 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
4 severely SiCzmk     
adv.严格地;严厉地;非常恶劣地
参考例句:
  • He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
  • He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。
5 smuggling xx8wQ     
n.走私
参考例句:
  • Some claimed that the docker's union fronted for the smuggling ring.某些人声称码头工人工会是走私集团的掩护所。
  • The evidence pointed to the existence of an international smuggling network.证据表明很可能有一个国际走私网络存在。
6 narcotic u6jzY     
n.麻醉药,镇静剂;adj.麻醉的,催眠的
参考例句:
  • Opium is classed under the head of narcotic.鸦片是归入麻醉剂一类的东西。
  • No medical worker is allowed to prescribe any narcotic drug for herself.医务人员不得为自己开处方使用麻醉药品。
7 cultivation cnfzl     
n.耕作,培养,栽培(法),养成
参考例句:
  • The cultivation in good taste is our main objective.培养高雅情趣是我们的主要目标。
  • The land is not fertile enough to repay cultivation.这块土地不够肥沃,不值得耕种。
8 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
9 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
参考例句:
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
10 modernization nEyxp     
n.现代化,现代化的事物
参考例句:
  • This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
  • The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。
11 opium c40zw     
n.鸦片;adj.鸦片的
参考例句:
  • That man gave her a dose of opium.那男人给了她一剂鸦片。
  • Opium is classed under the head of narcotic.鸦片是归入麻醉剂一类的东西。
12 heroin IrSzHX     
n.海洛因
参考例句:
  • Customs have made their biggest ever seizure of heroin.海关查获了有史以来最大的一批海洛因。
  • Heroin has been smuggled out by sea.海洛因已从海上偷运出境。
13 cocaine VbYy4     
n.可卡因,古柯碱(用作局部麻醉剂)
参考例句:
  • That young man is a cocaine addict.那个年轻人吸食可卡因成瘾。
  • Don't have cocaine abusively.不可滥服古柯碱。
14 narcotics 6c5fe7d3dc96f0626f1c875799f8ddb1     
n.麻醉药( narcotic的名词复数 );毒品;毒
参考例句:
  • The use of narcotics by teenagers is a problem in many countries. 青少年服用麻醉药在许多国家中都是一个问题。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Police shook down the club, looking for narcotics. 警方彻底搜查了这个俱乐部,寻找麻醉品。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 addicted dzizmY     
adj.沉溺于....的,对...上瘾的
参考例句:
  • He was addicted to heroin at the age of 17.他17岁的时候对海洛因上了瘾。
  • She's become addicted to love stories.她迷上了爱情小说。
16 smuggle 5FNzy     
vt.私运;vi.走私
参考例句:
  • Friends managed to smuggle him secretly out of the country.朋友们想方设法将他秘密送出国了。
  • She has managed to smuggle out the antiques without getting caught.她成功将古董走私出境,没有被逮捕。
17 smuggles 69d7783a752389d04f49c3ea89f98765     
v.偷运( smuggle的第三人称单数 );私运;走私;不按规章地偷带(人或物)
参考例句:
18 imprisonment I9Uxk     
n.关押,监禁,坐牢
参考例句:
  • His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
  • He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。
19 concurrently 7a0b4be5325a98c61c407bef16b74293     
adv.同时地
参考例句:
  • He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁,同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁,同期执行。 来自辞典例句
20 confiscation confiscation     
n. 没收, 充公, 征收
参考例句:
  • Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. 没收一切流亡分子和叛乱分子的财产。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言
  • Confiscation of smuggled property is part of the penalty for certain offences. 没收走私财产是对某些犯罪予以惩罚的一部分。
21 inspection y6TxG     
n.检查,审查,检阅
参考例句:
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
  • The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。
22 detention 1vhxk     
n.滞留,停留;拘留,扣留;(教育)留下
参考例句:
  • He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
  • He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。
23 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
24 minors ff2adda56919f98e679a46d5a4ad4abb     
n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 );副修科目;小公司;[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修,选修,兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》
25 abets 152bd85f3063d31b397b1ecdb913433a     
v.教唆(犯罪)( abet的第三人称单数 );煽动;怂恿;支持
参考例句:
  • Abrasion also abets wind erosion. 磨损作用也助长了风的侵蚀。 来自辞典例句
26 smuggled 3cb7c6ce5d6ead3b1e56eeccdabf595b     
水货
参考例句:
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Those smuggled goods have been detained by the port office. 那些走私货物被港务局扣押了。 来自互联网
27 computed 5a317d3dd3f7a2f675975a6d0c11c629     
adj.[医]计算的,使用计算机的v.计算,估算( compute的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He computed that the project would take seven years to complete. 他估计这项计划要花七年才能完成。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Resolving kernels and standard errors can also be computed for each block. 还可以计算每个块体的分辨核和标准误差。 来自辞典例句
28 offender ZmYzse     
n.冒犯者,违反者,犯罪者
参考例句:
  • They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
  • The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。
29 offenders dee5aee0bcfb96f370137cdbb4b5cc8d     
n.冒犯者( offender的名词复数 );犯规者;罪犯;妨害…的人(或事物)
参考例句:
  • Long prison sentences can be a very effective deterrent for offenders. 判处长期徒刑可对违法者起到强有力的威慑作用。
  • Purposeful work is an important part of the regime for young offenders. 使从事有意义的劳动是管理少年犯的重要方法。
30 pecuniary Vixyo     
adj.金钱的;金钱上的
参考例句:
  • She denies obtaining a pecuniary advantage by deception.她否认通过欺骗手段获得经济利益。
  • She is so independent that she refused all pecuniary aid.她很独立,所以拒绝一切金钱上的资助。
31 conceals fa59c6f4c4bde9a732332b174939af02     
v.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事,借以掩饰内心的不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒醉吐真言。 来自《简明英汉词典》
32 withholds 88ddb78862d578d14e9c22ad4888df11     
v.扣留( withhold的第三人称单数 );拒绝给予;抑制(某事物);制止
参考例句:
  • Marketing success or failure is directly traceable to the support that top management gives or withholds. 市场营销的成败直接归因于最高管理层能否给予支持。 来自辞典例句
  • I lie awake fuming-isn't It'supposed to be the woman who withholds favours? 我干躺在那儿,气得睡不着:不应该是女人才会拿性作为要挟吗? 来自互联网
33 conspirators d40593710e3e511cb9bb9ec2b74bccc3     
n.共谋者,阴谋家( conspirator的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The conspirators took no part in the fighting which ensued. 密谋者没有参加随后发生的战斗。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The French conspirators were forced to escape very hurriedly. 法国同谋者被迫匆促逃亡。 来自辞典例句
34 accomplice XJsyq     
n.从犯,帮凶,同谋
参考例句:
  • She was her husband's accomplice in murdering a rich old man.她是她丈夫谋杀一个老富翁的帮凶。
  • He is suspected as an accomplice of the murder.他涉嫌为这次凶杀案的同谋。
35 accomplices d2d44186ab38e4c55857a53f3f536458     
从犯,帮凶,同谋( accomplice的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He was given away by one of his accomplices. 他被一个同伙出卖了。
  • The chief criminals shall be punished without fail, those who are accomplices under duress shall go unpunished and those who perform deeds of merIt'shall be rewarded. 首恶必办, 胁从不问,立功受奖。
36 acetic IfHy6     
adj.酸的
参考例句:
  • Acetic acid is one of the organic acids which have many uses.醋酸是用途最广泛的有机酸之一。
  • The wine in him has almost melted acetic acid.他一肚皮的酒几乎全化为了醋酸。
37 illicit By8yN     
adj.非法的,禁止的,不正当的
参考例句:
  • He had an illicit association with Jane.他和简曾有过不正当关系。
  • Seizures of illicit drugs have increased by 30% this year.今年违禁药品的扣押增长了30%。
38 uproot 3jCwL     
v.连根拔起,拔除;根除,灭绝;赶出家园,被迫移开
参考例句:
  • The family decided to uproot themselves and emigrate to Australia.他们全家决定离开故土,移居澳大利亚。
  • The trunk of an elephant is powerful enough to uproot trees.大象的长鼻强壮得足以将树木连根拔起。
39 uprooting 9889e1175aa6c91384bf739d6a25e666     
n.倒根,挖除伐根v.把(某物)连根拔起( uproot的现在分词 );根除;赶走;把…赶出家园
参考例句:
  • He is hard at work uprooting wild grass in the field. 他正在田里辛苦地芟夷呢。 来自互联网
  • A storm raged through the village, uprooting trees and flattening crops. 暴风雨袭击了村庄,拔起了树木,吹倒了庄稼。 来自互联网
40 exempted b7063b5d39ab0e555afef044f21944ea     
使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • His bad eyesight exempted him from military service. 他因视力不好而免服兵役。
  • Her illness exempted her from the examination. 她因病而免试。
41 lures 43e770a1168e7235f5138d9f36ecd3b5     
吸引力,魅力(lure的复数形式)
参考例句:
  • He left home because of the lures of life in the city. 他离家是由于都市生活的诱惑。
  • Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures men down to the depths of the earth. 可能正是寻觅幽静的去处,或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们进入地球的深处。
42 confiscated b8af45cb6ba964fa52504a6126c35855     
没收,充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。
43 addiction JyEzS     
n.上瘾入迷,嗜好
参考例句:
  • He stole money from his parents to feed his addiction.他从父母那儿偷钱以满足自己的嗜好。
  • Areas of drug dealing are hellholes of addiction,poverty and murder.贩卖毒品的地区往往是吸毒上瘾、贫困和发生谋杀的地方。
44 rehabilitation 8Vcxv     
n.康复,悔过自新,修复,复兴,复职,复位
参考例句:
  • He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
  • No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。
45 pharmaceutical f30zR     
adj.药学的,药物的;药用的,药剂师的
参考例句:
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
46 utilization Of0zMC     
n.利用,效用
参考例句:
  • Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
  • Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式,完全驳倒了这种想象。
47 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
48 functionary 1hLx9     
n.官员;公职人员
参考例句:
  • No functionary may support or cover up unfair competition acts.国家官员不得支持、包庇不正当竞争行为。
  • " Emigrant," said the functionary,"I am going to send you on to Paris,under an escort."“ 外逃分子,”那官员说,“我要把你送到巴黎去,还派人护送。”
49 treasury 7GeyP     
n.宝库;国库,金库;文库
参考例句:
  • The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
  • This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。
50 judicial c3fxD     
adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的
参考例句:
  • He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
  • Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。
51 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权,审判权,管辖权,控制权
参考例句:
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。
52 bilateral dQGyW     
adj.双方的,两边的,两侧的
参考例句:
  • They have been negotiating a bilateral trade deal.他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定。
  • There was a wide gap between the views of the two statesmen on the bilateral cooperation.对双方合作的问题,两位政治家各自所持的看法差距甚大。
53 acceded c4280b02966b7694640620699b4832b0     
v.(正式)加入( accede的过去式和过去分词 );答应;(通过财产的添附而)增加;开始任职
参考例句:
  • He acceded to demands for his resignation. 他同意要他辞职的要求。
  • They have acceded to the treaty. 他们已经加入了那个条约。 来自《简明英汉词典》
54 meritorious 2C4xG     
adj.值得赞赏的
参考例句:
  • He wrote a meritorious theme about his visit to the cotton mill.他写了一篇关于参观棉纺织厂的有价值的论文。
  • He was praised for his meritorious service.他由于出色地工作而受到称赞。
55 lighter 5pPzPR     
n.打火机,点火器;驳船;v.用驳船运送;light的比较级
参考例句:
  • The portrait was touched up so as to make it lighter.这张画经过润色,色调明朗了一些。
  • The lighter works off the car battery.引燃器利用汽车蓄电池打火。
56 mitigated 11f6ba011e9341e258d534efd94f05b2     
v.减轻,缓和( mitigate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The cost of getting there is mitigated by Sydney's offer of a subsidy. 由于悉尼提供补助金,所以到那里的花费就减少了。 来自辞典例句
  • The living conditions were slightly mitigated. 居住条件稍有缓解。 来自辞典例句
57 prohibition 7Rqxw     
n.禁止;禁令,禁律
参考例句:
  • The prohibition against drunken driving will save many lives.禁止酒后开车将会减少许多死亡事故。
  • They voted in favour of the prohibition of smoking in public areas.他们投票赞成禁止在公共场所吸烟。
58 promulgation d84236859225737e91fa286907f9879f     
n.颁布
参考例句:
  • The new law comes into force from the day of its promulgation. 新法律自公布之日起生效。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Article 118 These Regulations shall come into effect from the day of their promulgation. 第一百一十八条本条例自公布之日起实施。 来自经济法规部分
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