《1978年国际海员培训、发证和值班标准公约》的1991年修正案
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颁布日期:19910101  实施日期:19910101

  TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I General Provisions

  Regulation I/1 Definitions

  Regulation I/2 Content of certificates and form of endorsement1

  Regulation I/4 Control procedures

  Regulation I/5 Conduct of trails Chapter II Master-Deck Department

  Appendix to regulation II/2

  Appendix to regulation II/4

  Regulation II/6 Mandatory2 minimum requirements for ratings formingpart of a navigational watch Chapter IV Radio Personnel

  Regulation IV/1 Application

  Regulation IV/2 Mandatory minimum requirements for certification ofGMDSS radio personnel

  Appendix to regulation IV/2

  Regulation IV/3 Mandatory minimum requirements to ensure thecontinued proficiency3 and updating of knowledge for GMDSS radio personnel Chapter VI Regulation VI/1 Mandatory minimum requirements for the issueof certificates of proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats

  Appendix to regulation VI/11991 AMENDMENTS6 TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON STANDARDS OF TRAINING,CERTIFICATION AND WATCHKEEPING FOR SEAFARERS, 1978

  CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS

  Regulation I/1 Definitions

  Replace the existing texts of paragraphs (k) and (1) by:

  “(k) `Radio operator' means a person holding an appropriatecertificate related to the global maritime7 distress8 and safety systemissued or recognized by an Administration under the provisions of theRadio Regulations”。

  (p) Replace “IMCO recommendations” by “recommendations of theOrganization”。

  (r) Delete “IMCO”。

  (s) Delete “IMCO”。

  Reletter paragraphs (k) to (s) as (k) to (r)。

  Regulation I/2 Content of certificates and form of endorsement

  Amend4 the first line of paragraph 2 to read:

  “In respect of radio operators, Administrations may:”。

  Regulation I/4 Control procedures

  In paragraph 3, replace “radio officer” by “radio operator”。

  Add the following new regulation: “Regulation I/5 Conduct of trials

  1. These regulations shall not prevent an Administration fromauthorizing ships entitled to fly its flag to participate in trials.

  2. For the purposes of this regulation, the term `trial' means anexperiment or series of experiments, conducted over a limited period,which may involve the use of automated10 or integrated systems in order toevaluate alternative methods of performing specific duties or satisfyingparticular arrangements prescribed by this Convention, which would provideat least the same degree of safety and pollution prevention as provided bythese regulations.

  3. The Administration authorizing9 ships to participate in trials shallbe satisfied that such trials are conducted in a manner that provides atleast the same degree of safety and pollution prevention as provided bythese regulations. Such trials shall be conducted in accordance withguidelines adopted by the Organization.

  4. Details of such trials shall be reported to the Organization asearly as practicable but not less than six months before the date on whichthe trials are scheduled to commence. The Organization shall circulatesuch particulars to all Parties.

  5. The results of trials authorized12 under paragraph 1, and anyrecommendations the Administration may have regarding those results, shallbe reported to the Organization which shall circulate such results andrecommendations to all Parties.

  6. Any Party having any objection to particular trials authorized inaccordance with this regulation should communicate such objection to theOrganization as early as practicable. The Organization shall circulatedetails of the objection to all Parties.

  7. An Administration which has authorized a trial should respectobjections received from other Administrations relating to such trial bydirecting ships entitled to fly its flag not to engage in a trial whilenavigating in the waters of a coastal13 State which has communicated itsobjection to the Organization.

  8. An Administration which concludes, on the basis of a trial, that aparticular system will provide at least the same degree of safety andpollution prevention as provided by these regulations may authorize11 shipsentitled to fly its flag to continue to operate with such a systemindefinitely, subject to the following requirements:

  (a) the Administration shall, after results of the trial have beensubmitted in accordance with paragraph 5, provide details of any suchauthorization, including identification of the specific ships which may besubject to the authorization14, to the Organization which will circulatethis information to all Parties;

  (b) any operations authorized under this paragraph shall beconducted in accordance with guidelines as may be developed by theOrganization, to the same extent as they apply during a trial;

  (c) such operations shall respect any objections received fromother Administrations in accordance with paragraph 7, to the extent suchobjections have not been withdrawn15; and

  (d) an operation authorized under this paragraph shall only bepermitted pending16 a determination by the Maritime Safety Committee as towhether an amendment5 to the Convention would be appropriate, and, if so,whether the operation should be suspended or permitted to continue beforethe amendment enters into force. At the request of any Party, the MaritimeSafety Committee shall establish a date for consideration of the trialresults and for the appropriate determinations.“

  CHAPTER II MASTER-DECK DEPARTMENT APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/2

  Minimum knowledge required for certification of masters and chiefmates of ships of 200 gross register tons or more

  7. Ship manoeuvring and handling

  In the existing paragraph:

  (j) Replace “boats or liferafts” by “rescue boats or survivalcraft”。

  (k) Replace “lifeboats or liferafts” by “rescue boats or survivalcraft”。

  8. Ship stability, construction and damage control

  In the existing paragraph:

  (e) Replace “IMCO recommendations” by “the recommendations of theOrganization”。

  16. Communications

  Replace subtitle17 “Communications” by “Radiocommunications andvisual signalling”。

  Amend existing paragraphs (b) and (c) to read:

  “(b) Knowledge of procedures used in radiocommunications andability to use radio equipment for distress, urgency, safety andnavigational messages.

  (c) A knowledge of the procedures for emergency distress signalsas prescribed in the Radio Regulations“。

  17. Life-saving

  In the existing text, replace “lifeboats, liferafts” by “survivalcraft, rescue boats”。

  18. Search and rescue

  In the existing text, delete “IMCO”。

  19. Methods of demonstration18 of proficiency

  (f) Life-saving

  In the existing text, replace “lifeboats” by “survival craft,rescue boats”。 APPENDIX TO REGULATION II/4 Minimum knowledge required forcertification of officers in charge of a navigational watch on ships of200 gross register tons or more

  10. Radiotelephony and visual signalling

  Replace the subtitle “Radiotelephony and visual signalling” by“Radiocommunications and visual signalling”。

  (c) Replace the existing text by:

  “(c) Knowledge of procedures used in radiocommunications andability to use radio equipment for distress, urgency, safety andnavigational messages”。

  12. Life-saving

  Replace the existing text by:

  “Ability to organize abandon ship drills and knowledge of theoperation of survival craft and rescue boats, their launching appliancesand arrangements, and their equipment including radio beacons19 (EPIRBs),immersion20 suits and thermal21 protective aids. Knowledge of survival at seatechniques”。

  13. Emergency procedures

  Replace the existing text by:

  “Knowledge of the items listed in the appropriate appendix ofthe current edition of the ILO/IMO `Document for Guidance'”。

  16. English Language

  In the existing text, delete “IMCO”。

  20. Search and rescue

  In the existing text, delete “IMCO”。

  Regulation II/6 Mandatory minimum requirements for ratings formingpart of a navigational watch

  Replace the existing text of subparagraph (2) (d) (vii) by:

  “knowledge of rocket parachute flares22, hand flares and buoyant smokesignals;”。

  Replace the existing chapter IV by: “CHAPTER IV RADIO PERSONNELExplanatory note:

  Mandatory provisions relating to radio watchkeeping are set forth23 inthe Radio Regulations and in the International Convention for the Safetyof Life at Sea, 1974, as amended24. Provisions for radio maintenance are setforth in the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974,as amended, and the guidelines adopted by the Organization.

  Regulation IV/1 Application

  1. The provisions of this chapter shall apply to radio personnel in aship operating in the global maritime distress and safety system (GMDSS)as prescribed by the International Convention for the Safety of Life atSea, 1974, as amended.

  2. Until 1 February 1999, radio personnel on a ship complying with theprovisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, in force prior to 1 February 1992, shall comply with the provisionsof the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certificationand Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978, in force prior to 1 December 1992.

  Regulation IV/2 Mandatory minimum requirements for certificationofGMDSS radio personnel

  1. Every radio operator in charge of, or performing,radiocommunication duties on a ship shall hold an appropriate certificateor certificates issued or recognized by the Administration under theprovisions of the Radio Regulations.

  2. In addition, a radio operator on a ship which is required by theInternational Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended,to have a radio installation shall:

  (a) be not less than 18 years of age;

  (b) satisfy the Administration as to medical fitness, particularlyregarding eyesight, hearing and speech;

  (c) meet the requirements of the appendix to this regulation.

  3. Every candidate for a certificate shall be required to pass anexamination or examinations to the satisfaction of the Administration.

  4. The level of knowledge required for certification shall besufficient for radio operators to carry out their radiocommunicationduties safely and efficiently25. The knowledge required for obtaining eachtype of certificate defined in the Radio Regulations shall be inaccordance with those Regulations. In addition, for all types ofcertificates defined in the Radio Regulations, the required knowledge andtraining shall include the subjects listed in the appendix to thisregulation. In determining the appropriate level of knowledge andtraining, the Administration shall also take into account the relevantrecommendations of the Organization. APPENDIX TO REGULATION IV/2 Minimumadditional knowledge and training requirements for radio personnel

  1. In addition to satisfying the requirements for the issue of acertificate in compliance26 with the Radio Regulations, radio operatorsshall have knowledge and training, including practical training, in thefollowing:

  (a) the provision of radio services in emergencies, including:

  (i) abandon ship;

  (ii) fire aboard ship;

  (iii) partial or full breakdown27 of the radio installations;

  (b) the operation of survival craft and rescue boats and theirequipment, with special reference to radio life-saving appliances;

  (c) survival at sea;

  (d) first aid;

  (e) fire prevention and fire-fighting, with particular referenceto the radio installations;

  (f) preventive measures for the safety of ship and personnel inconnection with hazards related to radio equipment, including electrical,radiation, chemical and mechanical hazards;

  (g) the use of the Merchant Ship Search and Rescue Manual (MERSAR)with particular reference to radiocommunications;

  (h) ship position-reporting systems and procedures;

  (i) the use of the International Code of Signals and the StandardMarine Navigational Vocabulary;

  (j) radio medical systems and procedures.

  2. The Administration may vary, as appropriate, the knowledge andtraining required by paragraph 1 for issue of a radio operator'scertificate to a holder29 of a certificate issued under the provisions ofchapters II, III or VI, provided the Administration is satisfied that thestandard of training or level of knowledge for issue of the certificateheld is adequate.

  Regulation IV/3 Mandatory minimum requirements to ensure thecontinued proficiency and updating of knowledge for GMDSS radio personnel

  1. Every radio operator holding a certificate or certificates issuedor recognized by the Administration shall, in order to continue to qualifyfor seagoing service, be required to satisfy the Administration as to thefollowing:

  (a) medical fitness, particularly regarding eyesight, hearing andspeech, at regular intervals30 not exceeding five years; and

  (b) professional competence31

  (i) by performing radio service in a seagoing ship with nosingle interruption exceeding five years; or

  (ii) by virtue32 of having performed functions relating to theduties appropriate to the grade of certificate held which are consideredto be at least equivalent to the seagoing service required in paragraph1(b) (i); or

  (iii) by passing an approved test or successfully completingan approved training course or courses at sea or ashore33 which shallinclude those elements which are of direct relevance34 to the safety of lifeat sea, and which are applicable for the certificate that the person isholding, in accordance with the requirements of the InternationalConvention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended, and the RadioRegulations.

  2. When new modes, equipment or practices are to become mandatoryaboard ships entitled to fly the flag of a Party, the Administration mayrequire radio operators to pass an approved test or successfully completean appropriate training course or courses, at sea or ashore, withparticular reference to safety duties.

  3. Every radio operator, in order to continue to qualify for seagoingservice on board particular types of ships for which special trainingrequirements have been internationally agreed upon, shall successfullycomplete approved relevant training or examinations which shall take intoaccount relevant international regulations and recommendations.

  4. The Administration shall ensure that the texts of recent changes ininternational regulations relating to radiocommunications and relevant tothe safety of life at sea are available to ships entitled to fly its flag.

  5. Administrations are encouraged, in consultation35 with thoseconcerned, to formulate36 or promote the formulation of a structure ofrefresher and updating courses, either voluntary or mandatory, asappropriate, at sea or ashore, for radio operators who are serving at seaand especially for re-entrants to seagoing service. The course or coursesshould include elements that are of direct relevance to radio duties andinclude changes in marine28 radiocommunication technology and relevantinternational regulations and recommendations concerning the safety oflife at sea.“

  CHAPTER VI

  Regulation VI/1 Mandatory minimum requirements for the issue ofcertificates of proficiency in survival craft and rescue boats

  Replace the existing heading by: “Mandatory minimum requirements forthe issue of certificates of proficiency in survival craft and rescueboats”

  (e) Replace the existing subparagraphs (iii) to (v) and (viii) and(ix) by:

  “(iii) interpret the markings on survival craft and rescue boatswith respect to the number of persons they are permitted to carry;

  (iv) make the correct commands required for launching and boardingthe survival craft and rescue boats, clearing the ship and handling anddisembarking from the survival craft or rescue boat;

  (v) prepare and launch survival craft and rescue boats safely intothe water and clear the ship's side quickly;

  (viii) use signalling equipment including rocket parachute flares,hand flares and buoyant smoke signals;

  (ix) use radio life-saving appliances;

  (x) don and use an immersion suit; use a thermal protective aid“。

  APPENDIX TO REGULATION VI/1

  Replace the existing text of paragraph 2 (c) and (f) by:

  “2. (c) actions to be taken when called to survival craft and rescueboat stations;

  (f) actions to be taken when aboard a survival craft or rescue boat.“

  Replace the existing text of paragraphs 5 to 8 by:

  “5. Construction and outfit37 of survival craft and rescue boats andindividual items of their equipment.

  6. Particular characteristics and facilities of survival craft andrescue boats.

  7. Various types of devices used for launching survival craft andrescue boats.

  8. Methods of launching survival craft and rescue boats into a roughsea.“

  Replace the existing text of paragraph 10 by:

  “10. Handling survival craft and rescue boats in rough weather.”

  Replace the existing text of paragraphs 15 to 19 by:

  “15. Radio life-saving appliances carried in survival craft and rescueboats, including satellite emergency position-indicating radio beacons.

  16. Effects of hypothermia and its prevention; use of protectivecovers and protective garments including immersion suits and thermalprotective aids.

  17. Methods of starting and operating a survival craft or rescue boatengine and its accessories together with the use of fire extinguisherprovided.

  18. Use of rescue boats and lifeboats for marshalling liferafts andrescue of survivors38 and persons in the sea.

  19. Beaching survival craft and rescue boats.“



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 endorsement ApOxK     
n.背书;赞成,认可,担保;签(注),批注
参考例句:
  • We are happy to give the product our full endorsement.我们很高兴给予该产品完全的认可。
  • His presidential campaign won endorsement from several celebrities.他参加总统竞选得到一些社会名流的支持。
2 mandatory BjTyz     
adj.命令的;强制的;义务的;n.受托者
参考例句:
  • It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
  • There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。
3 proficiency m1LzU     
n.精通,熟练,精练
参考例句:
  • He plied his trade and gained proficiency in it.他勤习手艺,技术渐渐达到了十分娴熟的地步。
  • How do you think of your proficiency in written and spoken English?你认为你的书面英语和口语熟练程度如何?
4 amend exezY     
vt.修改,修订,改进;n.[pl.]赔罪,赔偿
参考例句:
  • The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
  • You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。
5 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正,修正,改善,修正案
参考例句:
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
6 amendments 39576081718792f25ceae20f3bb99b43     
(法律、文件的)改动( amendment的名词复数 ); 修正案; 修改; (美国宪法的)修正案
参考例句:
  • The committee does not adequately consult others when drafting amendments. 委员会在起草修正案时没有充分征求他人的意见。
  • Please propose amendments and addenda to the first draft of the document. 请对这个文件的初稿提出修改和补充意见。
7 maritime 62yyA     
adj.海的,海事的,航海的,近海的,沿海的
参考例句:
  • Many maritime people are fishermen.许多居于海滨的人是渔夫。
  • The temperature change in winter is less in maritime areas.冬季沿海的温差较小。
8 distress 3llzX     
n.苦恼,痛苦,不舒适;不幸;vt.使悲痛
参考例句:
  • Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。
  • Please don't distress yourself.请你不要忧愁了。
9 authorizing d3373e44345179a7862c7a797d2bc127     
授权,批准,委托( authorize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Letters of Marque: Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering. 私掠许可证:从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。
  • Formal phavee completion does not include authorizing the subsequent phavee. 阶段的正式完成不包括核准随后的阶段。
10 automated fybzf9     
a.自动化的
参考例句:
  • The entire manufacturing process has been automated. 整个生产过程已自动化。
  • Automated Highway System (AHS) is recently regarded as one subsystem of Intelligent Transport System (ITS). 近年来自动公路系统(Automated Highway System,AHS),作为智能运输系统的子系统之一越来越受到重视。
11 authorize CO1yV     
v.授权,委任;批准,认可
参考例句:
  • He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
  • Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。
12 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
13 coastal WWiyh     
adj.海岸的,沿海的,沿岸的
参考例句:
  • The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
  • This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。
14 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
15 withdrawn eeczDJ     
vt.收回;使退出;vi.撤退,退出
参考例句:
  • Our force has been withdrawn from the danger area.我们的军队已从危险地区撤出。
  • All foreign troops should be withdrawn to their own countries.一切外国军队都应撤回本国去。
16 pending uMFxw     
prep.直到,等待…期间;adj.待定的;迫近的
参考例句:
  • The lawsuit is still pending in the state court.这案子仍在州法庭等待定夺。
  • He knew my examination was pending.他知道我就要考试了。
17 subtitle asawn     
n.副题(书本中的),说明对白的字幕
参考例句:
  • His new book has a subtitle.他的新书有一个副标题。
  • Ah!I don't know why they don't subtitle these movies.唉!我不知道这些电影为什么不打字幕。
18 demonstration 9waxo     
n.表明,示范,论证,示威
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • He gave a demonstration of the new technique then and there.他当场表演了这种新的操作方法。
19 beacons dfb02f84b16e33c347ba417c44745ea7     
灯塔( beacon的名词复数 ); 烽火; 指路明灯; 无线电台或发射台
参考例句:
  • A chain of beacons was lit across the region. 整个地区点起了一系列灯塔。
  • Lighthouse and beacons flash at night. 晚上灯塔与信号台闪着光。
20 immersion baIxf     
n.沉浸;专心
参考例句:
  • The dirt on the bottom of the bath didn't encourage total immersion.浴缸底有污垢,不宜全身浸泡于其中。
  • The wood had become swollen from prolonged immersion.因长时间浸泡,木头发胀了。
21 thermal 8Guyc     
adj.热的,由热造成的;保暖的
参考例句:
  • They will build another thermal power station.他们要另外建一座热能发电站。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
22 flares 2c4a86d21d1a57023e2985339a79f9e2     
n.喇叭裤v.(使)闪耀( flare的第三人称单数 );(使)(船舷)外倾;(使)鼻孔张大;(使)(衣裙、酒杯等)呈喇叭形展开
参考例句:
  • The side of a ship flares from the keel to the deck. 船舷从龙骨向甲板外倾。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He's got a fiery temper and flares up at the slightest provocation. 他是火爆性子,一点就着。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
23 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
24 Amended b2abcd9d0c12afefe22fd275996593e0     
adj. 修正的 动词amend的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • He asked to see the amended version. 他要求看修订本。
  • He amended his speech by making some additions and deletions. 他对讲稿作了些增删修改。
25 efficiently ZuTzXQ     
adv.高效率地,有能力地
参考例句:
  • The worker oils the machine to operate it more efficiently.工人给机器上油以使机器运转更有效。
  • Local authorities have to learn to allocate resources efficiently.地方政府必须学会有效地分配资源。
26 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
27 breakdown cS0yx     
n.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌
参考例句:
  • She suffered a nervous breakdown.她患神经衰弱。
  • The plane had a breakdown in the air,but it was fortunately removed by the ace pilot.飞机在空中发生了故障,但幸运的是被王牌驾驶员排除了。
28 marine 77Izo     
adj.海的;海生的;航海的;海事的;n.水兵
参考例句:
  • Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
  • When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时,他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
29 holder wc4xq     
n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物
参考例句:
  • The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
  • That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。
30 intervals f46c9d8b430e8c86dea610ec56b7cbef     
n.[军事]间隔( interval的名词复数 );间隔时间;[数学]区间;(戏剧、电影或音乐会的)幕间休息
参考例句:
  • The forecast said there would be sunny intervals and showers. 预报间晴,有阵雨。
  • Meetings take place at fortnightly intervals. 每两周开一次会。
31 competence NXGzV     
n.能力,胜任,称职
参考例句:
  • This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
  • These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。
32 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
33 ashore tNQyT     
adv.在(向)岸上,上岸
参考例句:
  • The children got ashore before the tide came in.涨潮前,孩子们就上岸了。
  • He laid hold of the rope and pulled the boat ashore.他抓住绳子拉船靠岸。
34 relevance gVAxg     
n.中肯,适当,关联,相关性
参考例句:
  • Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
  • Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。
35 consultation VZAyq     
n.咨询;商量;商议;会议
参考例句:
  • The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
  • The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
36 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
37 outfit YJTxC     
n.(为特殊用途的)全套装备,全套服装
参考例句:
  • Jenney bought a new outfit for her daughter's wedding.珍妮为参加女儿的婚礼买了一套新装。
  • His father bought a ski outfit for him on his birthday.他父亲在他生日那天给他买了一套滑雪用具。
38 survivors 02ddbdca4c6dba0b46d9d823ed2b4b62     
幸存者,残存者,生还者( survivor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
  • survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者
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