中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法_法律英语

中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-05-04 03:15 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

（Adopted at the Third Meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on September 2， 1993， promulgated² by Order No. 10 of the President of the People's Republic of China， and effective as of December 1，1993）
颁布日期：19930902 　实施日期：19931201 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Acts of Unfair Competition

　　Chapter III Supervision³ and Inspection⁴

　　Chapter IV Legal Responsibility

　　Chapter V Supplementary⁵ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated⁶ with a view to safeguarding the healthy development of socialist⁷ market economy， encouraging and protecting fair competition， repressing unfair competition acts， and protecting the lawful⁸ rights and interests of business operators and consumers.

　　Article 2 A business operator shall， in his market transactions， follow the principles of voluntariness， equality， fairness， honesty and credibility and observe the generally recognized business ethics⁹.

　　“Unfair competition” mentioned in this Law refers to a business operator's acts violating the provisions of this Law， infringing¹⁰ upon the lawful rights and interests of another business operator and disturbing the socio-economic order.

　　“A business operator” mentioned in this Law refers to a legal person or any other economic organization or individual engaged in commodities marketing¹¹ or profit-making services （“commodities ”referred to hereinafter includes such services）。

　　Article 3 People's governments at various levels shall take measures to repress unfair competition acts and create favourable¹² environment and conditions for fair competition.

　　Administrative¹³ departments for industry and commerce of the people's governments at or above the county level shall exercise supervision over and inspection of unfair competition acts； where laws or administrative rules and regulations provide that other departments shall exercise the supervision and inspection， those provisions shall apply.

　　Article 4 The State shall encourage， support and protect all organizations and individuals in the exercise of social supervision over unfair competition acts.

　　No State functionary¹⁴ may support or cover up unfair competition acts.

　　Chapter II Acts of Unfair Competition

　　Article 5 A business operator shall not harm his competitors in market transactions by resorting to any of the following unfair means：

　　（1） counterfeiting¹⁵ a registered trademark¹⁶ of another person；

　　（2） using for a commodity without authorization¹⁷ a unique name， package， or decoration of another's famous commodity， or using a name， package or decoration similar to that of another's famous commodity， thereby¹⁸ confusing the commodity with that famous commodity and leading the purchasers to mistake the former for the latter；

　　（3） using without authorization the name of another enterprise or person， thereby leading people to mistake their commodities for those of the said enterprise or person； or

　　（4） forging or counterfeiting authentication¹⁹ marks， famous-and-excellent-product marks or other product quality marks on their commodities， forging the origin of their products or making false and misleading indications as to the quality of their commodities.

　　Article 6 A public utility enterprise or any other business operator occupying monopoly status according to law shall not restrict people to purchasing commodities from the business operators designated by him， thereby precluding²⁰ other business operators from fair competition.

　　Article 7 Governments and their subordinate departments shall not abuse administrative powers to restrict people to purchasing commodities from the business operators designated by them and impose limitations on the rightful operation activities of other business operators.

　　Governments and their subordinate departments shall not abuse administrative powers to restrict commodities originated in other places from entering the local markets or the local commodities from flowing into markets of other places.

　　Article 8 A business operator shall not resort to bribery²¹， by offering money or goods or by any other means， in selling or purchasing commodities. A business operator who offers off-the-book rebate²² in secret to the other party， a unit or an individual， shall be deemed and punished as offering bribes²³； and any unit or individual that accepts off-the-book rebate in secret shall be deemed and punished as taking bribes.

　　A business operator may， in selling or purchasing commodities， expressly allow a discount to the other party and pay a commission to the middleman. The business operator who gives discount to the other party and pays commission to the middleman must truthfully enter them in the account. The business operator who accepts the discount or the commission must also truthfully enter it in the account.

　　Article 9 A business operator may not， by advertisement or any other means， make false or misleading publicity²⁴ of their commodities as to their quality， ingredients， functions， usage， producers， duration of validity or origin.

　　An advertisement agent may not act as agent for， or design， produce or release a false advertisement while he clearly knows or ought to know its falsehood.

　　Article 10 A business operator shall not use any of the following means to infringe²⁵ upon trade secrets：

　　（1） obtaining an obligee²⁶'s trade secrets by stealing， luring²⁷， intimidation²⁸ or any other unfair means；

　　（2） disclosing， using or allowing another person to use the trade secrets obtained from the obligee by the means mentioned in the preceding paragraph； or

　　（3） in violation²⁹ of the agreement or against the obligee's demand for keeping trade secrets， disclosing， using or allowing another person to use the trade secrets he possesses.

　　Obtaining， using or disclosing another's trade secrets by a third party who clearly knows or ought to know that the case falls under the unlawful acts listed in the preceding paragraph shall be deemed as infringement³⁰ upon trade secrets.

　　“Trade secrets” mentioned in this Article refer to any technology information or business operation information which is unknown to the public， can bring about economic benefits to the obligee， has practical utility and about which the obligee has adopted secret-keeping measures.

　　Article 11 A business operator shall not， for the purpose of pushing out their competitors， sell their commodities at prices lower than costs.

　　Any of the following shall not be deemed as an unfair competition act：

　　（1） selling perishables³¹ or live commodities；

　　（2） disposing of commodities near expiration³² of their validity duration or those kept too long in stock；

　　（3） seasonal³³ sales； or

　　（4） selling commodities at a reduced price for the purpose of clearing off debts， change of business or suspension of operation.

　　Article 12 A business operator may not， against the will of purchasers， conduct tie-in sale of commodities or attach any other unreasonable³⁴ conditions to the sale of their commodities.

　　Article 13 A business operator shall not engage in any of the following lottery-attached sale activities：

　　（1） lottery-attached sale conducted by such deceptive³⁵ means as falsely declaring prize or intentionally³⁶ making a person designated inside win the prize；

　　（2） lottery-attached sale employed as a means to sell goods of low quality at a high price； or

　　（3） lottery-attached sale in form of lottery-drawing with the highest prize exceeding 5，000 yuan.

　　Article 14 A business operator shall not fabricate or spread false information to injure his competitors' commercial credit or the reputation of his competitors' commodities.

　　Article 15 Bidders³⁸ shall not act in collusion with each other so as to force up or down the bidding prices.

　　Bidders and tender-inviters shall not collude with each other so as to push out their competitors from fair competition.

　　Chapter III Supervision and Inspection

　　Article 16 Supervision and inspection departments at or above the county level may carry out supervision over and inspection of unfair competition acts.

　　Article 17 Supervision and inspection departments shall， in supervising and inspecting unfair competition acts， have the right to exercise the following functions and powers：

　　（1） to interrogate³⁹ the business operators under inspection， interested persons， or witnesses in accordance with the prescribed procedures， and require them to provide testimonial materials or other materials relating to the unfair competition acts；

　　（2） to inquire about and duplicate the agreements， account books， invoices⁴⁰， documents， records， business letters and telegrams or other materials relating to the unfair competition acts； and

　　（3） to inspect the property involved in the unfair competition acts under Article 5 of this Law； and， when necessary， to order the business operators under inspection to explain the source and quantity of the commodities， suspend the sale and await the inspection thereof， and the property involved shall not be transferred， concealed⁴¹ or destroyed.

　　Article 18 Functionaries⁴² of supervision and inspection departments shall， when supervising and inspecting unfair competition acts， produce their inspection certificates.

　　Article 19 Business operators under inspection， interested persons and witnesses shall truthfully provide relevant materials or particulars when the supervision and inspection departments supervise and inspect unfair competition acts.

　　Chapter IV Legal Responsibility

　　Article 20 A business operator who violates the provisions of this Law and thus causes damage to the infringed⁴³ business operators， shall bear the liability of compensation for the damage. If the losses of the infringed business operator are difficult to estimate， the damages shall be the profits derived⁴⁴ from the infringement by the in fringer during the period of infringement. And the in fringer shall also bear the reasonable expense paid by the infringed business operator for investigating the in fringer's unfair competition acts violating his lawful rights and interests.

　　A business operator whose lawful rights and interests are infringed upon by unfair competition acts may bring a suit in a people's court.

　　Article 21 A business operator who counterfeits⁴⁵ another's registered trademark， uses without authorization the name of another enterprise or person， forges or counterfeits authentication marks， famous-and-excellent-product marks or other product quality marks， forges origin of the products or makes false and misleading indications regarding the product quality shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the Trademark Law of the People's Republic of China and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Product Quality.

　　In case a business operator uses for a commodity without authorization the name， package or decoration of a famous commodity or the name， package or decoration similar to that of a famous commodity and thereby confuses the commodity with another's famous commodity and leads the purchasers to mistake the former for the latter， the supervision and inspection department shall order the business operator to stop the illegal act and confiscate⁴⁶ the illegal earnings⁴⁷ and may， in light of the circumstances， impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than three times the illegal earnings； if the circumstances are serious， his business licence may be revoked⁴⁸； and if the commodities sold are fake and inferior， and the case constitutes a crime， he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Article 22 A business operator， who resorts to bribery by offering money or goods or by any other means in selling or purchasing commodities and if the case constitutes a crime， shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law； if the case does not constitute a crime， the supervision and inspection department may impose a fine of not less than 10，000 yuan but not more than 200，000 yuan in light of the circumstances and confiscate the illegal earnings， if any.

　　Article 23 In case a public utility enterprise or any other business operator occupying monopoly status according to law restricts people to purchasing commodities from a designated business operator in order to push out other business operators from fair competition， the supervision and inspection departments at the provincial⁴⁹ level or of cities divided into districts shall order the cease of the illegal acts and may impose a fine of not less than 50，000 yuan but not more than 200，000 yuan in light of the circumstances. If such designated business operator takes advantage thereof to sell goods of low quality at high prices or indiscriminately collects fees， the inspection and supervision department shall confiscate the illegal earnings and may impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than three times the illegal earnings in light of the circumstances.

　　Article 24 In case a business operator makes false and misleading publicity of his commodities by advertisement or any other means， the supervision and inspection department shall order the said business operator to stop his illegal acts and eliminate the bad effects， and may impose a fine of not less than 10，000 yuan but not more than 200，000 yuan in light of the circumstances. In case an advertisement agent acts as agent for， or designs， produces or releases a false advertisement though the agent clearly knows or ought to know the falsehood， the supervision and inspection department shall order the cease of the illegal acts， confiscate the illegal earnings， and impose a fine according to law.

　　Article 25 In case a business operator violates the provisions of Article 10 of this Law and infringes⁵⁰ upon trade secrets， the supervision and inspection department shall order the cease of the illegal acts and may impose a fine of not less than 10，000 yuan but not more than 200，000 yuan in light of the circumstances.

　　Article 26 In case a business operator engages in lottery-attached sale in violation of the provisions of Article 13 of this Law， the supervision and inspection department shall order the cease of the illegal acts and may impose a fine of not less than 10，000 yuan but not more than 100，000 yuan in light of the circumstances.

　　Article 27 Where bidders act in collusion with each other to force up or down the bidding price， or a bidder³⁷ colludes with a tender-inviter for the purpose of pushing out their competitors， the successful bid shall be invalid⁵¹， and the supervision and inspection department may impose a fine of not less than 10，000 yuan but not more than 200，000 yuan in light of the circumstances.

　　Article 28 In case a business operator acts in violation of the order of stopping the sale or forbidding the transfer， concealment⁵² or destruction of the property involved in the unfair competition acts， the supervision and inspection department may impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than three times the price of the property sold， transferred， concealed or destroyed.

　　Article 29 In case a party is not satisfied with the punishment decision made by the supervision and inspection department， it may apply for reconsideration to the competent department at the next higher level within 15 days from receipt of the decision； and if the party is still not satisfied with the reconsideration decision， it may bring a suit in a people's court within 15 days from receipt of the decision； and the party may also directly file a suit in a people's court.

　　Article 30 Where a government or its subordinate departments， in violation of the provisions of Article 7 of this Law， restrict people to purchasing commodities from a designated business operator or impose limits on other business operator's rightful operation activities or the normal circulation of commodities between different areas， the supervision and inspection department at higher levels shall order them to make corrections； and if the circumstances are serious， the persons held directly responsible shall be given administrative sanctions by the relevant department at the same or higher level； if the designated business operator takes advantage thereof to sell goods of low quality at high prices or indiscriminately collects fees， the supervision and inspection department shall confiscate the illegal earnings and may impose a fine of not less than one time but not more than three times the illegal earnings in light of the circumstances.

　　Article 31 Where a state functionary engaged in supervision over and inspection of unfair competition acts abuses his power or neglects his duty， and if the case constitutes a crime， he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law； if the case does not constitute a crime， he shall be given an administrative sanction.

　　Article 32 Where a state functionary engaged in supervision over and inspection of unfair competition acts practices favouritism or irregularities and intentionally harbours a business operator whom he clearly knows to be guilty of a crime by violating the provisions of this Law and attempts to shield him from prosecution⁵³， he shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 33 This Law shall enter into force as of December 1， 1993.

点击

收听单词发音

1 standing
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。 They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

2 promulgated
v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。来自辞典例句

3 supervision
n.监督，管理
参考例句：
The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。 The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

4 inspection
n.检查，审查，检阅
参考例句：
On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。 The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。

5 supplementary
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。 A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。

6 formulated
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。来自《简明英汉词典》 This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

7 socialist
n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的
参考例句：
China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。 His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

8 lawful
adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的
参考例句：
It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。 We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。

9 ethics
n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准
参考例句：
The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。 Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

10 infringing
v.违反（规章等）( infringe的现在分词 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
参考例句：
The material can be copied without infringing copyright. 这份材料可以复制，不会侵犯版权。 The media is accused of infringing on people's privacy. 人们指责媒体侵犯了大家的隐私。来自《简明英汉词典》

11 marketing
n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西
参考例句：
They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。 He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

12 favourable
adj.赞成的，称赞的，有利的，良好的，顺利的
参考例句：
The company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。 We found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。

13 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

14 functionary
n.官员；公职人员
参考例句：
No functionary may support or cover up unfair competition acts.国家官员不得支持、包庇不正当竞争行为。 " Emigrant," said the functionary,"I am going to send you on to Paris,under an escort."“ 外逃分子，”那官员说，“我要把你送到巴黎去，还派人护送。”

15 counterfeiting
n.伪造v.仿制，造假( counterfeit的现在分词 )
参考例句：
He was sent to prison for counterfeiting five-dollar bills. 他因伪造5美元的钞票被捕入狱。来自辞典例句 National bureau released securities, certificates with security anti-counterfeiting paper technical standards. 国家质量技术监督局发布了证券、证件用安全性防伪纸张技术标准。来自互联网

16 trademark
n.商标；特征；vt.注册的…商标
参考例句：
The trademark is registered on the book of the Patent Office.该商标已在专利局登记注册。 The trademark of the pen was changed.这钢笔的商标改了。

17 authorization
n.授权，委任状
参考例句：
Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。 You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

18 thereby
adv.因此，从而
参考例句：
I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市，因此对它不怎么熟悉。 He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民，因而得到了投票权。

19 authentication
鉴定，认证
参考例句：
Computer security technology includes mainly:Authentication,Encryption,Access Control,Auditing and so on.计算机网络安全技术主要有: 认证授权、数据加密、访问控制、安全审计等。

20 precluding
v.阻止( preclude的现在分词 )；排除；妨碍；使…行不通
参考例句：

21 bribery
n.贿络行为，行贿，受贿
参考例句：
FBI found out that the senator committed bribery.美国联邦调查局查明这个参议员有受贿行为。 He was charged with bribery.他被指控受贿。

22 rebate
v./n.折扣，回扣，退款；vt.给...回扣，给...打折扣
参考例句：
You can claim a rebate on your tax.你可以要求退回部分税款。 Customers are to benefit from a rebate on their electricity bills.顾客将从他们的电费退费中得到实惠。

23 bribes
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 )；向（某人）行贿，贿赂
参考例句：
It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。 corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏

24 publicity
n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告
参考例句：
The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。 He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。

25 infringe
v.违反，触犯，侵害
参考例句：
The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。 He occasionally infringe the law by parking near a junction.他因偶尔将车停放在交叉口附近而违反规定。

26 obligee
n.债权人；权利人
参考例句：
Deposit expenses shall be borne by the obligee.提存费用由债权人负担。 The name or registered residence of the obligee has changed.权利人的名称或注册地址发生变。

27 luring
吸引，引诱（lure的现在分词形式）
参考例句：
Cheese is very good for luring a mouse into a trap. 奶酪是引诱老鼠上钩的极好的东西。 Her training warned her of peril and of the wrong, subtle, mysterious, luring. 她的教养警告她：有危险，要出错儿，这是微妙、神秘而又诱人的。

28 intimidation
n.恐吓，威胁
参考例句：
The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。 The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。

29 violation
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。 He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

30 infringement
n.违反；侵权
参考例句：
Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。 The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯

31 perishables
n.容易腐坏的东西（尤指食品）( perishable的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Perishables are stacked on deck under cover, awaiting rigid inspection before they are struck below. 易腐物品已经覆盖起来堆放在甲板上，等经过严格的检查后再搬下船舱。来自辞典例句 Sorry, these perishables are not allowed to bring in. 对不起，这些易腐烂的东西是不允许入境的。来自互联网

32 expiration
n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物
参考例句：
Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗? This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。

33 seasonal
adj.季节的，季节性的
参考例句：
The town relies on the seasonal tourist industry for jobs.这个城镇依靠季节性旅游业提供就业机会。 The hors d'oeuvre is seasonal vegetables.餐前小吃是应时蔬菜。

34 unreasonable
adj.不讲道理的，不合情理的，过度的
参考例句：
I know that they made the most unreasonable demands on you.我知道他们对你提出了最不合理的要求。 They spend an unreasonable amount of money on clothes.他们花在衣服上的钱太多了。

35 deceptive
adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的
参考例句：
His appearance was deceptive.他的外表带有欺骗性。 The storyline is deceptively simple.故事情节看似简单，其实不然。

36 intentionally
ad.故意地，有意地
参考例句：
I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。 The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

37 bidder
n.(拍卖时的)出价人，报价人，投标人
参考例句：
TV franchises will be auctioned to the highest bidder.电视特许经营权将拍卖给出价最高的投标人。 The bidder withdrew his bid after submission of his bid.投标者在投标之后撤销了投标书。

38 bidders
n.出价者，投标人( bidder的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Bidders should proceed only if they intend on using a PayPal account to complete payment. Bidders的唯一形式，应继续只当他们在使用贝宝帐户，以完成付款打算。来自互联网 The other bidders for the contract complained that it had not been a fair contest. 其他竞标人抱怨说该合同的竞标不公平。来自《简明英汉词典》

39 interrogate
vt.讯问，审问，盘问
参考例句：
The lawyer took a long time to interrogate the witness fully.律师花了很长时间仔细询问目击者。 We will interrogate the two suspects separately.我们要对这两个嫌疑人单独进行审讯。

40 invoices
发票( invoice的名词复数 )；（发货或服务）费用清单；清单上货物的装运；货物的托运
参考例句：
Take the example of a purchasing clerk keying invoices into a system. 继续说录入员输入发票的例子，这个录入员是一个全职的数据输入人员。来自About Face 3交互设计精髓 Consular invoices are declarations made at the consulate of the importing country. 领事发票是进口国领事馆签发的一种申报书。

41 concealed
a.隐藏的，隐蔽的
参考例句：
The paintings were concealed beneath a thick layer of plaster. 那些画被隐藏在厚厚的灰泥层下面。 I think he had a gun concealed about his person. 我认为他当时身上藏有一支枪。

42 functionaries
n.公职人员，官员( functionary的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The Indian transmitters were court functionaries, not missionaries. 印度文化的传递者都是朝廷的官员而不是传教士。来自辞典例句 All government institutions functionaries must implement state laws, decrees and policies. 所有政府机关极其工作人员都必须认真执行国家的法律，法规和政策。来自互联网

43 infringed
v.违反（规章等）( infringe的过去式和过去分词 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
参考例句：
Wherever the troops went, they never infringed on the people's interests. 大军过处，秋毫无犯。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 He was arrested on a charge of having infringed the Election Law. 他因被指控触犯选举法而被拘捕。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

44 derived
vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。来自《简明英汉词典》 He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。来自《简明英汉词典》

45 counterfeits
v.仿制，造假( counterfeit的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
Objects and people looked like counterfeits of themselves. 各种人和事好象都给自己披上了伪装。来自辞典例句 We have seen many counterfeits, but we are born believers in great men. 我们见过许多骗子，但是我们天生信赖伟人。来自辞典例句

46 confiscate
v.没收(私人财产)，把…充公
参考例句：
The police have the right to confiscate any forbidden objects they find.如发现违禁货物，警方有权查扣。 Did the teacher confiscate your toy?老师没收你的玩具了吗？

47 earnings
n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得
参考例句：
That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。 Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

48 revoked
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销，取消，废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付，结算可以撤销。来自辞典例句 A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。来自辞典例句

49 provincial
adj.省的，地方的；n．外省人，乡下人
参考例句：
City dwellers think country folk have provincial attitudes.城里人以为乡下人思想迂腐。 Two leading cadres came down from the provincial capital yesterday.昨天从省里下来了两位领导干部。

50 infringes
v.违反（规章等）( infringe的第三人称单数 )；侵犯（某人的权利）；侵害（某人的自由、权益等）
参考例句：
Congressmen may be reluctant to vote for legislation that infringes the traditional prerogatives of the states. 美国国会议员可能不情愿投票拥护侵犯各州传统特权的立法。来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法 I can't say whether CP21 infringes it or not. 我就不能说CP21是否侵犯了SPOT的专利。来自企业管理英语口语（第二版）(2)

51 invalid
n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的
参考例句：
He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。 A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。

52 concealment
n.隐藏, 掩盖，隐瞒
参考例句：
the concealment of crime 对罪行的隐瞒 Stay in concealment until the danger has passed. 把自己藏起来，待危险过去后再出来。

53 prosecution
n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营
参考例句：
The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。 He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

上一篇：国家税务总局关于外商投资企业的财务会计制度与涉外税收法规关系下一篇：《赋予科研院所科技产品进出口权暂行办法》的批复