中华人民共和国船舶登记条例(二)
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Article 27 Where a ship is bareboat chartered overseas, the shipowner shall apply to the Ship Registration1 Administration at the port of registry for registration of the bareboat charter by submitting the documents specified2 in Article 26 of these Regulations.

  After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance3 with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration shall suspend or delete the nationality of the ship in accordance with Article 42 of these Regulations and issue to the applicant4 the Certificate of Registration of Bareboat Charter in duplicate.

  Article 28 Where a ship is bareboat chartered from overseas, the charterer shall choose the port of registry for the ship according to Article 9 of these Regulations and apply, prior to the commencement of the charter, to the Ship Registration Administration for registration of the bareboat charter by submitting the following documents:

  (1) The text and copy of the bareboat charter party;

  (2) Ship's valid5 technical certificates issued by an authorized6 organization for ship survey;

  (3) A certificate issued by the ship registration authority of the former port of registry to the effect that the former nationality of the ship has been suspended or deleted, or that the former nationality of the ship will be suspended or deleted immediately when the new registration is effected.

  After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration shall issue the Certificate of Registration of Bareboat Charter and the Provisional Certificate of Ship's Nationality in accordance with Article 17 of these Regulations, and record the original country of registration in the Register of Ships.

  Article 29 In case the bareboat charter period is to be extended, the shipowner and the charterer shall, 15 days prior to the expiration7 of the charter period, apply to the Ship Registration Administration for the renewal8 of the bareboat charter registration by submitting texts and copies of the Certificate of Registration of Bareboat Charter and the contract for extension.

  Article 30 During the period of the bareboat charter, the charterer shall not apply for the registration of subletting9 the charter unless agreed by the shipowner in writing.

  Chapter VI Ship's Mark and Company Flag

  Article 31 A ship shall be marked as follows:

  (1) Ship's name in Chinese on both sides of the stem and at the stern;

  (2) Port of registry below the name at the stern;

  (3) The corresponding Chinese phonetic10 alphabets below the ship's name and port of registry;

  (4) Draft scale on both sides of the stem and at the stern;

  (5) Load line mark at mid11 ship, both sides.

  Where a ship being constrained12 by its type and size is unable to be marked as above, it shall be marked with its name and port of registry at an easily-seen position.

  Article 32 A shipowner may apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for registration of the ship's funnel13 mark and its company flag by submitting the drawings of the standard design in compliance with the stipulations.

  Article 33 Ships belonging to one company shall only use the same funnel mark and the same company flag.

  The funnel mark and the company flag of a company shall be examined by the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry.

  The funnel mark and the company flag of a company shall not be the same as or similar to those which have been registered previously14.

  Article 34 The Ship Registration Administration shall publicize the funnel mark and company flags which have been approved and registered.

  The registered funnel mark and company flags shall be used exclusively by the applicant and shall not be used by other ships or companies.

  Chapter VII Alteration15 and Deletion of Registration

  Article 35 In case of any alteration to the entries of the ship registration, the shipowner shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the registration of alteration by submitting the relevant documents of ship registration and those evidencing such alteration.

  Article 36 In case a ship's port of registry is to be changed, the shipowner shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the former port of registry for registration of the change by submitting the ship's Certificate of Nationality and the document evidencing such a change. After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration at the former port of registry shall indicate the change in the column of “Alteration” in the Certificate of Ship's Nationality and deliver the entire file of the ship's registration to the Ship Registration Administration at the new port of registry where the shipowner shall apply again for new registration thereof.

  Article 37 In case of any change of joint16 ownership, the ship owners shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for registration of the change by submitting the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership and the document evidencing such change.

  Article 38 In case the contract of ship's mortgage is changed, the mortgagee and the mortgagor shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration for registration of such a change by submitting the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Owner ship, the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Mortgage and the document evidencing such change.

  After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall indicate the change of the mortgage contract in the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership, the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Mortgage and the Registry of Ships.

  Article 39 In case of transference of ship's ownership, the former shipowner shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the registration of deletion by submitting the Certificate of Ship's Ownership, Certificate of Ship's Nationality and other relevant documents.

  After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall delete the registration regarding ship's ownership and other relevant registrations17 in the Register of Ships, withdraw the certificates of registration concerned, and issue a certificate of deletion of ship's registration to the shipowner. If the ship is sold overseas, the Ship Registration Administration shall issue a certificate to the effect that the ship's nationality has been deleted, or that the ship's nationality will be deleted immediately when the ship is registered anew.

  Article 40 In case a ship is lost (dismantled18 or sunken included) or missing, the shipowner shall, within 3 months after the ship is lost (dismantled or sunken) or missing, apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the registration of deletion by submitting the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership, Certificate of Ship's Nationality and the document evidencing that the ship has been lost (dismantled or sunken) or missing. After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration shall delete the ship's registration in the Register of Ships, withdraw the certificates of registrations concerned, and issue a certificate of deletion to the shipowner.

  Article 41 In case a contract of mortgage is terminated, the mortgagee and the mortgagor shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the registration of deletion by submitting the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership, Certificate of Registration of Ship's Mortgage and the document signed by the mortgagee evidencing the termination of the mortgage contract. After the application has been examined and verified to be in compliance with the requirements of these Regulations, the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall delete the registrations of the ship's mortgage in the Certificate of Ship's Ownership and the Register of Ships.

  Article 42 In case a ship is bareboat chartered overseas, the shipowner shall, in addition to applying for registration of bareboat charter in accordance with Article 27 of these Regulations, apply for registration of suspension or deletion of the ship's nationality. The Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall seal up the original Certificate of Ship's Nationality and issue a certificate of suspension or deletion of the ship's nationality. Under some special circumstances, the Ship Registration Administration may issue a certificate to the effect that the ship's nationality will be suspended or deleted immediately at such time as the ship is registered anew.

  Article 43 Upon the expiration of a bareboat charter party or the termination thereof, the shipowner shall, within 15 days after the date of such expiration or termination, apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for registration of deletion of the bareboat charter by submitting the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership and the bareboat charter party or the document evidencing such termination.

  If the ship is bareboat chartered overseas, the shipowner shall, in addition, submit a certificate issued by the ship registration authority at the charterer's place of business to the effect that the ship's nationality has been deleted or that the ship's nationality will be deleted immediately at such time as the ship is registered anew.

  The Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry, having approved of the application, shall delete the registration of bareboat charter in the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership and the Register of Ships, and return to the shipowner the original Certificate of Ship's Nationality.

  Article 44 In case a ship is bareboat chartered, the charterer shall, within 15 days after the expiration or termination of the bareboat charter, apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for registration of deletion by submitting the bareboat charter party or the document evidencing such termination.

  If the ship is bareboat chartered from overseas, the Provisional Certificate of Nationality shall be submitted as well.

  The Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry, having approved of the application, shall delete the ship's registration of bareboat charter in the Register of Ship, withdraw the Provisional Certificate of Nationality, and issue a certificate of deletion of the bareboat charter and a certificate of deletion of the Provisional Certificate of the Ship's Nationality.

  Chapter VIII Renewal and Re-issue of Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership and Certificate of Ship's Nationality

  Article 45 The shipowner of a ship shall, within 1 year prior to the expiration of the Certificate of Ship's Nationality, apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the renewal of the certificate by submitting the Certificate of Ship's Nationality and the valid technical certificates.

  Article 46 In case the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership or the Certificate of Ship's Nationality of a ship is fouled19, damaged or rendered useless, the shipowner shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the re-issue of the certificate.

  Article 47 In case the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership or the Certificate of Ship's Nationality of a ship is lost, the shipowner shall apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the re-issue of the certificate by stating the reasons in writing and submitting the appropriate document as evidence.

  The Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall make an announcement in the local newspaper that the lost certificate is null and void.

  Article 48 In case the Certificate of Ship's Nationality is found lost, fouled or damaged in a foreign country, the shipowner shall apply to the local Embassy or Consulate20 of the People's Republic of China for a Provisional Certificate of Ship's Nationality, but shall, as soon as the ship arrives at the first Chinese port, apply to the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry for the re-issue of the Certificate of Ship's Nationality.

  Chapter IX Legal Liability

  Article 49 A ship that forges the nationality of the People's Republic of China and illegally flies the flag of the People's Republic of China during navigation shall be confiscated21 by the Ship Registration Administration according to relevant laws.

  The provisions of the above paragraph shall be applicable to a Chinese ship that forges a foreign nationality and illegally flies the flag of a foreign country during navigation.

  Article 50 In case a ship conceals22 its registration made at home or overseas which results in dual23 nationality, the Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall delete the Certificate of Ship's Nationality and impose the following penalties varying from deferent case:

  (1) A fine of RMB 2000.00 up to RMB 10000.00 yuan for a ship of 500 tons gross tonnage or below;

  (2) A fine of RMB 10000.00 up to RMB 50000.00 yuan for a ship of 501——1000 tons gross tonnage;

  (3) A fine of RMB 50000.00 up to 200000.00 yuan for a ship of 10001 tons gross tonnage or above.

  Article 51 The Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall, according to the seriousness of the case, punish any of the following violations24 against these Regulations by giving a warning, and imposing25 a fine of 50% of the amounts specified for ships of different gross tonnage as set out in Article 50, or withdrawing the ship's registration certificates:

  (1) Concealing26 the real facts and providing false information for registration;

  (2) Concealing the fact of registration and resulting in dual registration;

  (3) Forging or making alteration to certificates of ship's registration.

  Article 52 The Ship Registration Administration shall order those who fail to apply for the alteration or deletion of registration under these Regulations or those who use expired certificates of nationality and provisional certificate of nationality to go through the formalities for the registration concerned, and if the case is serious, may impose a fine of 10% of the amounts specified for ships of different tonnage as set out in Article 50 of these Regulations.

  Article 53 The Ship Registration Administration at the port of registry shall order those who violate these Regulations by employing foreign seafarers without authorization27 or using a funnel mark or company flag already registered by others to rectify28, and shall impose a fine of 10% of the amounts specified for ships of different gross tonnage as set out in Article 50 of these Regulations against those who refuse to rectify, and, if the case is serious, shall withdraw the Certificate of Ship's Nationality or the Provisional Certificate of Ship's Nationality.

  Article 54 Any of those working in the Ship Registration Administration who abuses his power, practises graft29, ignores his duty, or grossly neglects his responsibilities shall be punished by the Administration; if the case is so serious that a crime is committed, the criminal liability shall be inflicted30 upon the offender31 in accordance with the law.

  Article 55 A person or party concerned who refuses to accept the actions taken by the Ship Registration Administration may apply for a review of the case or bring the case before the court in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws or administrative32 regulations.

  Chapter X Supplementary33 Provisions

  Article 56 For the purpose of these Regulations:

  (1) “Ship” means any self-propelled or non-self-propelled vessel34 and any other mobile unit on water with the exception of life boats and life rafts equipped on board ships and boats or rafts of less than 5 meters in length;

  (2) “Fishery ship” means any vessel engaged in fishing or any vessel belonging to the fishing industry and serving the purpose of fishery;

  (3) “Service ship” means any vessel serving the administrative purposes of the Government.

  Article 57 With the exception of service ships, ship registration fees shall be levied35 by the Ship Registration Administration in accordance with the relevant rules. The fee levels and management rules concerning the levy36 of ship registration fees shall be formulated37 by the financial department and the department in charge of commodity prices under the State Council in consultation38 with the competent authority of transport and communications under the State Council.

  Article 58 The forms of the Register of Ships, the Certificate of Ship's Nationality, the Provisional Certificate of Ship's Nationality, the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Ownership, the Certificate of Registration of Ship's Mortgage, the Certificate of Registration of Bareboat Charter, the applications and other certificates shall be solely39 formulated by the Harbour Superintendency Administration of the People's Republic of China.

  Article 59 These Regulations shall enter into force on January 1, 1995



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
2 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
3 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
4 applicant 1MlyX     
n.申请人,求职者,请求者
参考例句:
  • He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
  • In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。
5 valid eiCwm     
adj.有确实根据的;有效的;正当的,合法的
参考例句:
  • His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
  • Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗?
6 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
7 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
8 renewal UtZyW     
adj.(契约)延期,续订,更新,复活,重来
参考例句:
  • Her contract is coming up for renewal in the autumn.她的合同秋天就应该续签了。
  • Easter eggs symbolize the renewal of life.复活蛋象征新生。
9 subletting 870a9819ef12a3f86d0a9183c236eb86     
v.转租( sublet的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The landlady found they had been illegally subletting the flat. 女房东发现他们一直在违法转租公寓。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 phonetic tAcyH     
adj.语言的,语言上的,表示语音的
参考例句:
  • Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。
  • English phonetic teaching is an important teaching step in elementary stages.语音教学是英语基础阶段重要的教学环节。
11 mid doTzSB     
adj.中央的,中间的
参考例句:
  • Our mid-term exam is pending.我们就要期中考试了。
  • He switched over to teaching in mid-career.他在而立之年转入教学工作。
12 constrained YvbzqU     
adj.束缚的,节制的
参考例句:
  • The evidence was so compelling that he felt constrained to accept it. 证据是那样的令人折服,他觉得不得不接受。
  • I feel constrained to write and ask for your forgiveness. 我不得不写信请你原谅。
13 funnel xhgx4     
n.漏斗;烟囱;v.汇集
参考例句:
  • He poured the petrol into the car through a funnel.他用一个漏斗把汽油灌入汽车。
  • I like the ship with a yellow funnel.我喜欢那条有黄烟囱的船。
14 previously bkzzzC     
adv.以前,先前(地)
参考例句:
  • The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
  • Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿,解释原先发生了什么。
15 alteration rxPzO     
n.变更,改变;蚀变
参考例句:
  • The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。
  • He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。
16 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
17 registrations d53ddf87a983739d49e0da0c1fa64925     
n.登记( registration的名词复数 );登记项目;登记(或注册、挂号)人数;(管风琴)音栓配合(法)
参考例句:
  • In addition to the check-in procedures, the room clerks are customarily responsible for recording advance registrations. 除了办理住宿手续外,客房登记员按惯例还负责预约登记。 来自辞典例句
  • Be the Elekta expert for products registrations in China. 成为在中国注册产品的医科达公司专家。 来自互联网
18 dismantled 73a4c4fbed1e8a5ab30949425a267145     
拆开( dismantle的过去式和过去分词 ); 拆卸; 废除; 取消
参考例句:
  • The plant was dismantled of all its equipment and furniture. 这家工厂的设备和家具全被拆除了。
  • The Japanese empire was quickly dismantled. 日本帝国很快被打垮了。
19 fouled e3aea4b0e24d5219b3ee13ab76c137ae     
v.使污秽( foul的过去式和过去分词 );弄脏;击球出界;(通常用废物)弄脏
参考例句:
  • Blue suit and reddish-brown socks!He had fouled up again. 蓝衣服和红褐色短袜!他又搞错了。
  • The whole river has been fouled up with filthy waste from factories. 整条河都被工厂的污秽废物污染了。
20 consulate COwzC     
n.领事馆
参考例句:
  • The Spanish consulate is the large white building opposite the bank.西班牙领事馆是银行对面的那栋高大的白色建筑物。
  • The American consulate was a magnificent edifice in the centre of Bordeaux.美国领事馆是位于波尔多市中心的一座宏伟的大厦。
21 confiscated b8af45cb6ba964fa52504a6126c35855     
没收,充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。
22 conceals fa59c6f4c4bde9a732332b174939af02     
v.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住( conceal的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He conceals his worries behind a mask of nonchalance. 他装作若无其事,借以掩饰内心的不安。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Drunkenness reveals what soberness conceals. 酒醉吐真言。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 dual QrAxe     
adj.双的;二重的,二元的
参考例句:
  • The people's Republic of China does not recognize dual nationality for any Chinese national.中华人民共和国不承认中国公民具有双重国籍。
  • He has dual role as composer and conductor.他兼作曲家及指挥的双重身分。
24 violations 403b65677d39097086593415b650ca21     
违反( violation的名词复数 ); 冒犯; 违反(行为、事例); 强奸
参考例句:
  • This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
  • These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。
25 imposing 8q9zcB     
adj.使人难忘的,壮丽的,堂皇的,雄伟的
参考例句:
  • The fortress is an imposing building.这座城堡是一座宏伟的建筑。
  • He has lost his imposing appearance.他已失去堂堂仪表。
26 concealing 0522a013e14e769c5852093b349fdc9d     
v.隐藏,隐瞒,遮住( conceal的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Despite his outward display of friendliness, I sensed he was concealing something. 尽管他表现得友善,我还是感觉到他有所隐瞒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • SHE WAS BREAKING THE COMPACT, AND CONCEALING IT FROM HIM. 她违反了他们之间的约定,还把他蒙在鼓里。 来自英汉文学 - 三万元遗产
27 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
28 rectify 8AezO     
v.订正,矫正,改正
参考例句:
  • The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
  • You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
29 graft XQBzg     
n.移植,嫁接,艰苦工作,贪污;v.移植,嫁接
参考例句:
  • I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
  • The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。
30 inflicted cd6137b3bb7ad543500a72a112c6680f     
把…强加给,使承受,遭受( inflict的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • They inflicted a humiliating defeat on the home team. 他们使主队吃了一场很没面子的败仗。
  • Zoya heroically bore the torture that the Fascists inflicted upon her. 卓娅英勇地承受法西斯匪徒加在她身上的酷刑。
31 offender ZmYzse     
n.冒犯者,违反者,犯罪者
参考例句:
  • They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
  • The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。
32 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
33 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
34 vessel 4L1zi     
n.船舶;容器,器皿;管,导管,血管
参考例句:
  • The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
  • You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。
35 levied 18fd33c3607bddee1446fc49dfab80c6     
征(兵)( levy的过去式和过去分词 ); 索取; 发动(战争); 征税
参考例句:
  • Taxes should be levied more on the rich than on the poor. 向富人征收的税应该比穷人的多。
  • Heavy fines were levied on motoring offenders. 违规驾车者会遭到重罚。
36 levy Z9fzR     
n.征收税或其他款项,征收额
参考例句:
  • They levy a tax on him.他们向他征税。
  • A direct food levy was imposed by the local government.地方政府征收了食品税。
37 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
38 consultation VZAyq     
n.咨询;商量;商议;会议
参考例句:
  • The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
  • The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
39 solely FwGwe     
adv.仅仅,唯一地
参考例句:
  • Success should not be measured solely by educational achievement.成功与否不应只用学业成绩来衡量。
  • The town depends almost solely on the tourist trade.这座城市几乎完全靠旅游业维持。
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