中华人民共和国票据法（一）_法律英语

中华人民共和国票据法（一）

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-05-11 03:23 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

（Adopted at the 13rd meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress， and promulgated² by Order No. 49 of the President of the People's Republic of China on May 10， 1995）
颁布日期：19950510 　实施日期：19960101 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Bills of Exchange

　　Section 1 Issue

　　Section 2 Endorsement⁴

　　Section 3 Acceptance

　　Section 4 Guaranty

　　Section 5 Payment

　　Section 6 Right of Recourse

　　Chapter III Promissory Notes

　　Chapter IV Cheques

　　Chapter V The Applicable Laws Pertaining⁵ Negotiable Instruments in Cases Involving Foreign Elements

　　Chapter VI Legal Responsibility

　　Chapter VII Supplementary⁶ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated⁷ for the purpose of standardizing⁸ actions concerning negotiable instruments， protecting the legal rights of parties using negotiable instruments， maintaining economic order in society and promoting the development of the socialist⁹ market economy.

　　Article 2 This Law applies to all transactions concerning negotiable instruments within the territory of the People's Republic of China. The term “negotiable instrument” as used in this Law denotes “bill of exchange”， “promissory note” and “cheque”。

　　Article 3 Activities concerning instruments shall abide¹⁰ by the laws and administrative¹¹ regulations and shall not harm public interests.

　　Article 4 When creating an instrument， the issuing party shall endorse³ it according to statutory conditions and bear liability for the instrument according to the items specified¹² therein.

　　When exercising his rights with regard to an instrument， the bearer shall endorse the instrument and present it according to statutory procedures.

　　Other debtors¹⁴ endorsing¹⁵ the instrument shall bear liability for the instrument according to the items specified therein.

　　The instrument right as referred to in this Law denotes the right of the bearer to claim the specified amount in payment from the debtor¹³ including the right to claim for payment and the right of recourse.

　　Liability for negotiable instruments as referred to in this Law denotes the obligation of the debtor to pay the sum specified in the instrument to the bearer.

　　Article 5 A party to an instrument may authorize¹⁶ an agent to endorse the instrument but must specify¹⁷ the principal-agent relationship on the instrument.

　　A person without power of agency who endorses¹⁸ an instrument in the capacity of agent shall bear liability for the instrument； an agent who goes beyond the limits of his power of agency shall undertake liability for the part of the instrument overstepping the limits of his powers.

　　Article 6 The endorsement of an instrument by a person with no capacity for civil conduct or with limited capacity for civil conduct is invalid¹⁹， but this does not influence the validity of other endorsements²¹ of the instrument.

　　Article 7 The endorsement of an instrument shall be by signature， seal or both signature and seal.

　　The endorsement of an instrument by a legal person or other organization which makes use of instruments shall be the official seal of the legal person or organization accompanied by the endorsement of its legal representative or its authorized²² agent.

　　The signature on an instrument must be the name of the party concerned.

　　Article 8 The sum of money on an instrument shall be specified in both Chinese characters and Arabic numerals； the two figures must be the same， if the two figures are not the same， the instrument shall be null and void.

　　Article 9 Items specified in an instrument must conform to the provisions of this Law.

　　The sum， date and payee recorded in an instrument must not be altered. Instruments which have been altered are invalid.

　　Other items in an instrument may be altered by the person who originally wrote them， as proof alterations²³ must been dorsed by the aforementioned.

　　Article 10 The issue， acquisition and transfer of an instrument shall be made in good faith and shall constitute a real transaction and reflect the credit-debit relationship.

　　An instrument can only be acquired in consideration of payment， the corresponding value of which must be agreed by the two parties to the instrument.

　　Article 11 Acquisition of an instrument through taxation²⁴， inheritance or legacy²⁵ which may be realized in accordance with law without payment， shall not be subject to being in consideration of payment. However， the bearers' rights on the instrument shall not exceed those of prior parties.

　　Prior parties refers to other debtors of an instrument who endorsed²⁶ it prior to its endorsement by a specific signatory or bearer.

　　Article 12 In cases where an instrument was acquired through fraudulence， theft or coercion²⁷， or in cases where the bearer acquired an instrument through malice²⁸ while he knew well that the aforementioned circumstances existed， the bearer shall not enjoy the instrument right.

　　In cases where the bearer through gross negligence²⁹ acquires an instrument which does not comply with the provisions of this Law， then the bearer shall not enjoy the instrument right.

　　Article 13 A debtor of an instrument shall not oppose the bearer on the basis of a dispute between the issuer and the debtor himself or between the any prior parties to the bearer and the debtor himself. However the exception is in cases where the bearer acquired the instrument with the foreknowledge that such opposition³⁰ existed.

　　A debtor of an instrument may oppose a bearer who had a direct credit-debit relationship with him and did not perform the stipulated³¹ obligation.

　　Opposition as referred to in this Law denotes the act whereby the debtor of an instrument refuses to carry out his obligations to the creditor³² in accordance with the provisions of this Law.

　　Article 14 Items specified in an instrument must be genuine and cannot be forged or altered. Those who forge or alter the endorsement or other items in an instrument shall bear legal responsibility.

　　Endorsements on an instrument which have been forged or altered shall have no impact on the other genuine endorsements thereon.

　　Where other items in the instrument have been altered， persons who endorsed the instrument before it was altered shall be liable for the items originally specified in the instrument， persons who signed after it was altered shall be liable for the items specified after the instrument was altered. In cases where it cannot be determined³³ whether the instrument was endorsed before or after it was altered， it shall be treated as an instrument which was endorsed before being altered.

　　Article 14 Items specified in an instrument must be genuine and cannot be forged or altered. Those who forge or alter the endorsement or other items in an instrument shall bear legal responsibility.

　　Endorsements on an instrument which have been forged or altered shall have no impact on the other genuine endorsements thereon.

　　Where other items in the instrument have been altered， persons who endorsed the instrument before it was altered shall be liable for the items originally specified in the instrument， persons who signed after it was altered shall be liable for the items specified after the instrument was altered. In cases where it cannot be determined whether the instrument was endorsed before or after it was altered， it shall be treated as an instrument which was endorsed before being altered.

　　Article 15 Where an instrument has been lost， the person who has lost the instrument may promptly³⁴ notify the payer of the instrument to suspend payment， except in cases where the payer is not specified in the instrument or when the payer or his agent cannot be identified.

　　The payer shall temporarily cancel payment when he receives notification of the loss of the instrument.

　　The person losing the instrument shall in accordance with the law apply to the people's court for the publication of a public notice asserting his claim or he can bring an action in the people's court within three days of notifying the payee to suspend payment or after the loss of the instrument.

　　Article 16 The procedure by which the bearer of the instrument exercises his rights or preserves his rights against the debtor shall be carried out in the business premises³⁵ of the party concerned during business hours or at their place of residence if no business premises exist.

　　Article 17 Rights to an instrument shall cease to be valid²⁰ if not exercised within the following time limits：

　　1. The rights of the bearer of the instrument over the issuer and the acceptor of the instrument cease to be valid two years after the date of maturity³⁶ of the instrument. Bills or notes payable³⁷ on sight become invalid two years after the date of issue；

　　2. The rights of the bearer of a cheque over the issuer cease to be valid six months after the date of issue；

　　3. The bearer's right of recourse over prior parties ceases to be valid six months after the date of non-acceptance or non-payment；

　　4. The bearer's right of re-recourse over prior parties ceases to be valid three months after the date of settlement or the commencement of a lawsuit³⁸.

　　The date of issue and the date of maturity of an instrument shall be set in accordance with the law by the parties to the instrument.

　　Article 18 A bearer who has lost his rights on instrument because of the expiration³⁹ of his rights or because the items recorded in the instrument are not comprehensive may still enjoy civil rights， and may request that the payer or the acceptor refunds⁴⁰ the amount equivalent to that part of the instrument not yet paid.

　　Chapter II Bills of Exchange

　　Section 1 Issue

　　Article 19 A bill of exchange is an instrument signed by the issuer， authorizing⁴¹ the payer to unconditionally⁴³ pay a certain sum of money to the payee or the bearer when the bill is presented or at a specified time.

　　Bills can be classified into bankers' bills and commercial bills.

　　Article 20 Issue refers to the act of the issuer signing and issuing the instrument and delivering it to the payee.

　　Article 21 The issuer of the bill must have an authentic⁴⁴ relationship with the payer authorizing payment and must possess reliable funds with which to pay the sum in the bill.

　　Bills without consideration shall not be signed or issued to defraud⁴⁵ money from banks or other parties of an instrument.

　　Article 22 A bill must specify the following items：

　　1. The word “bill”；

　　2. Authorization⁴⁶ of unconditional⁴² payment；

　　3. A fixed⁴⁷ sum；

　　4. The name of the payer；

　　5. The name of the payee；

　　6. The date of issue；

　　7. The endorsement of the issuer.

　　A bill shall be null and void if any of the above-mentioned items are not specified therein.

　　Article 23 The date of payment， place of payment and place of issue， if specified on the bill， shall be legible and unambiguous.

　　A bill is payable on sight if the date of payment is not specified.

　　The place of payment， if not specified on a bill， shall be the business premises， domicile or habitual⁴⁸ residence of the payer.

　　The place of issue， if not specified on a bill， shall be the business premises， domicile or habitual residence of the issuer.

　　Article 24 Items relating to the issue of a bill other than those stipulated by this Law may be specified on a bill， but such items shall have no effect on the validity of the bill.

　　Article 25 The date of payment may be specified in either one of the following forms：

　　1. Payable on sight；

　　2. Payable on a fixed date；

　　3. Payable during a fixed period after the date of issue；

　　4. Payable during a fixed period after the date of receipt.

　　The date of payment as specified in the preceding paragraph shall be the date of maturity of the bill.

　　Article 26 The issuer who signs and issues the bill shall bear liability for its acceptance and payment.

　　In the event of non-acceptance or non-payment of the bill， the bearer shall be reimbursed⁴⁹ the sum and expenses as stipulated in Articles 70 and 71 of this Law.

　　Section 2 Endorsement

　　Article 27 The bearer may transfer his rights to the bill to other persons or authorize other persons to exercise some of his rights to the bill.

　　When the issuer writes the term “non-transferable” on the bill， then it cannot be transferred.

　　The bearer must endorse and hand over the bill when exercising his rights as stipulated in the first paragraph of this article.

　　Endorsement refers to the act of putting relevant items in writing and endorsing the back of the bill or an allonge.

　　Article 28 The person endorsing the bill may use an allonge and attach it to the bill if there is not enough space in the bill for the items.

　　The first person to write on the allonge shall endorse the conjuncture of the bill and the allonge.

　　Article 29 An endorsement shall be signed by the person making it and the date of endorsement shall be specified.

　　An undated endorsement shall be deemed to have been added to the bill before its date of maturity.

　　Article 30 The name of the person endorsing the bill must be specified when the bill is endorsed so that the rights to the bill are transferred or to authorize another person to exercise some of the rights to the bill.

　　Article 31 There shall be an uninterrupted series of endorsement in a bill which is transferred by means of endorsement. The bearer must prove his rights to the bill by an uninterrupted series of endorsement； a person to whom a bill is transferred by means other than endorsement or who acquires a bill by other legal means shall provide evidence in accordance with the law showing his rights to the bill.

　　“An uninterrupted series of endorsement” as referred to in the preceding paragraph denotes that， in the course of the transfer of an instrument， the endorsement of the person endorsing the transfer of the bill shall be made by the immediate⁵⁰ prior endorsee⁵¹ to acquire the bill.

　　Article 32 When the bill is transferred by means of endorsement， the subsequent party shall be liable for the authenticity⁵² of the endorsement made by the immediate prior party.

　　“The subsequent party” denotes other debtors of an instrument who endorse it after its endorsement by a specific party.

　　Article 33 No conditions can be attached to endorsements. Any conditions attached to endorsements shall have no effect on the bill.

　　Any endorsements purporting⁵³ to transfer a part of the amount payable， or to transfer the bill to two or more people separately， shall be null and void.

　　Article 34 When the endorser⁵⁴ writes the term “non-transferable” on the bill and his subsequent party re endorses and transfers it， the original endorser shall not bear any responsibility for any guarantees made to the subsequent party's endorsee.

　　Article 35 Where an endorsement contains the word “by procuration”， the endorsee shall be entitled to exercise mandated⁵⁵ rights to the bill on the endorser's behalf. However， the endorsee shall not transfer the rights to the bill by means of re-endorsement.

　　A bill may be pledged； when the bill is pledged， the endorsement shall contain the term “value in pledge”。 The endorsee may exercise the rights to the bill when realizing the right of pledge according to law.

　　Article 36 A bill cannot be transferred by means of endorsement when acceptance or payment has been refused or when the time limit for presentation in order to receive payment has expired， if the bill has been endorsed and transferred， the endorser shall bear liability for the bill.

　　Article 37 After the bill has been endorsed and transferred， the endorser shall be liable for guaranteeing the acceptance and payment of the bill held by the subsequent party. In cases of non-acceptance or non-payment of the bill， the endorser shall compensate⁵⁶ the bearer with the sum and expenses as stipulated in Articles 70 and 71 of this Law.

　　Section 3 Acceptance

　　Article 38 Acceptance denotes the act whereby payer of the bill promises to pay the sum of money in the bill at its maturity.

　　Article 39 Where a bill is payable on a fixed date or within a fixed period after the date of issue， the bearer shall present the bill to the payer for acceptance before the bill's date of maturity.

　　Presenting the bill for acceptance denotes the act whereby the bearer presents the bill to the payer and demands a promise of payment from the payer.

　　Article 40 Where a bill is payable during a fixed period after presentation， the bearer shall present the bill to the payer for acceptance within one month of the date of issue.

　　Where a bill has not been presented for acceptance within the prescribed period， the bearer shall lose the right of recourse against prior parties.

　　Where a bill is payable on sight， it does not need to be presented for acceptance.

　　Article 41 The payer shall accept or refuse the bill within three days of receiving the bill as presented for acceptance.

　　On receiving of a bill presented for acceptance by the bearer， the payer shall make out a receipt to the bearer. The receipt shall be signed and the date on which the bill was presented shall be written thereon.

　　Article 42 When accepting a bill， the payer shall write the word “accepted” and the date of acceptance on the front of the bill and sign it； after seeing a bill which is payable during a fixed period， the date of payment shall be specified at the time of acceptance.

　　Where the date of acceptance is not specified on the bill， it shall be the last day of the period prescribed by the first paragraph of the preceding article.

　　Article 43 When accepting a bill， the payer shall accept it unconditionally； if conditions have been added， this is deemed to be a refusal.

　　Article 44 When the payer has accepted the bill， he shall bear the liability of paying it at maturity.

　　Section 4 Guaranty

　　Article 45 The responsibility of guaranteeing the payment of a bill shall be borne by the guarantor.

　　The guarantor shall be someone other than the debtor of the bill.

　　Article 46 The guarantor must specify the following items on the bill itself or on an allonge：

　　1. The word “guaranteed”；

　　2. The name and address of the guarantor；

　　3. The name of the person to whom the guaranty is given；

　　4. The date of guaranty；

　　5. The endorsement of the guarantor.

　　Article 47 When the guarantor has not specified Item 3 of the preceding article on the bill itself or on an allonge， incases where the bill has already been accepted， the person who accepted the bill is he to whom the guaranty is given； in cases where the bill has not yet been accepted， the guaranty is given to the issuer.

　　When the guarantor has not specified Item 4 of the preceding article on the bill itself or on an allonge， the date of guaranty shall be the date of issue.

　　Article 48 No conditions can be attached to the guaranty； if there should be any conditions attached， these will not affect the liability of guaranty on the bill.

　　Article 49 The guarantor shall be responsible for guaranteeing the bearers' rights to the bill when the bearer has acquired the bill legitimately⁵⁷. This is with the exception of cases when the debt of the person receiving the guaranty is invalid because of the absence of certain items from the bill.

　　Article 50 Where a bill is guaranteed， the guarantor and the person to whom the guaranty is given shall under take joint⁵⁸ liability to the bearer. In cases where the guaranteed bill has not been paid at its maturity， the bearer is entitled to demand payment from the guarantor， who shall pay the bill in full.

　　Article 51 In cases where there are two or more guarantors， they shall undertake joint liability.

　　Article 52 After the guarantor has paid the debt as stipulated in the bill， the guarantor may exercise his right of recourse as enjoyed by the bearer against the person to whom the guaranty is given and his prior parties.

　　Section 5 Payment

　　Article 53 The bearer shall present the bill for payment within the following time limits：

　　1. A bill payable on sight should be presented to the payer within one month of the date of issue；

　　2. A bill payable on a fixed date， within a fixed period after the date of issue or within a fixed period after being seen shall be presented for acceptance within 10 days of the date of maturity.

　　In cases where the bearer has not presented the bill for payment within the prescribed period as stipulated in the preceding paragraph， the person accepting the bill or the payer shall remain liable for the payment of the bill after the bearer has explained the situation.

　　Presentation for payment made to the payer by an authorized bank or clearing system for instruments shall be deemed as presentation by the bearer.

　　Article 54 The payer must pay the bill in full on the day when the bearer presents the bill for payment in accordance with the provisions of the preceding article.

　　Article 55 The bearer shall sign the bill and give it to the payer after receiving payment. In cases where the bearer authorizes⁵⁹ a bank to receive payment on his behalf， the bill may be deemed as having been signed for when the authorized bank has credited the collected sum to the bearer's account.

　　Article 56 The bank authorized by the bearer to receive payment shall be liable only for crediting the sum on the bill to the bearer's account according to the items specified in the bill.

　　The bank authorized by the payer to make payment shall be liable only for paying the sum on the bill from the payer's account according to the items specified in the bill.

点击

收听单词发音

1 standing
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。 They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

2 promulgated
v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。来自辞典例句

3 endorse
vt.(支票、汇票等)背书，背署；批注；同意
参考例句：
No one is foolish enough to endorse it.没有哪个人会傻得赞成它。 I fully endorse your opinions on this subject.我完全拥护你对此课题的主张。

4 endorsement
n.背书；赞成，认可，担保；签(注)，批注
参考例句：
We are happy to give the product our full endorsement.我们很高兴给予该产品完全的认可。 His presidential campaign won endorsement from several celebrities.他参加总统竞选得到一些社会名流的支持。

5 pertaining
与…有关系的，附属…的，为…固有的(to)
参考例句：
Living conditions are vastly different from those pertaining in their country of origin. 生活条件与他们祖国大不相同。 The inspector was interested in everything pertaining to the school. 视察员对有关学校的一切都感兴趣。

6 supplementary
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。 A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。

7 formulated
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。来自《简明英汉词典》 This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

8 standardizing
使合乎规格，使标准化( standardize的现在分词 )；规格化
参考例句：
These composite indices are derived by standardizing each of its component series. 这些综合指数是使通过把它们的组成部分中的各个数列标准化而获得的。 Significant progress was made in rectifying and standardizing nonbank financial institutions. 整顿和规范非银行金融机构取得重要进展。

9 socialist
n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的
参考例句：
China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。 His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。

10 abide
vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受
参考例句：
You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。 If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

11 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

12 specified
adj.特定的
参考例句：
The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。 It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

13 debtor
n.借方，债务人
参考例句：
He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。 The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。

14 debtors
n.债务人，借方( debtor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。来自《简明英汉词典》 Never in a debtors' prison? 从没有因债务坐过牢么？来自英汉文学 - 双城记

15 endorsing
v.赞同( endorse的现在分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品
参考例句：
Yet Communist leaders are also publicly endorsing religion in an unprecedented way. 不过，共产党领导层对宗教信仰的公开认可也是以前不曾有过的。来自互联网 Connecticut Independent Senator Joseph Lieberman is endorsing Republican Senator John McCain. 康涅狄格州独立派参议员约瑟夫。列波曼将会票选共和议员约翰。麦凯恩。来自互联网

16 authorize
v.授权，委任；批准，认可
参考例句：
He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。 Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。

17 specify
vt.指定，详细说明
参考例句：
We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。 Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。

18 endorses
v.赞同( endorse的第三人称单数 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品
参考例句：
There isn't one country in the Middle East that now endorses the Eisenhower Doctrine. 但至今没有一个中东国家认可它。来自辞典例句 Whether any of this truly endorses Dr Patel's hypothesis is moot. 这些视频能否真正证明帕特的假设成立还是个未知数。来自互联网

19 invalid
n.病人，伤残人；adj.有病的，伤残的；无效的
参考例句：
He will visit an invalid.他将要去看望一个病人。 A passport that is out of date is invalid.护照过期是无效的。

20 valid
adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的
参考例句：
His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。 Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？

21 endorsements
n.背书( endorsement的名词复数 )；（驾驶执照上的）违章记录；（公开的）赞同；（通常为名人在广告中对某一产品的）宣传
参考例句：
He must make much money on those tennis shoe endorsements he does. 他替那些网球鞋珍重广告，就赚了不少钱。来自互联网 But celebrity endorsements remain an important promotional tool for marketers. 尽管如此，邀明星助阵仍是营销人员重要的推广手段之一。来自互联网

22 authorized
a.委任的，许可的
参考例句：
An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

23 alterations
n.改动( alteration的名词复数 )；更改；变化；改变
参考例句：
Any alterations should be written in neatly to the left side. 改动部分应书写清晰，插在正文的左侧。来自《简明英汉词典》 Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code. 基因突变是指DNA 密码的改变。来自《简明英汉词典》

24 taxation
n.征税，税收，税金
参考例句：
He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。 The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。

25 legacy
n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句：
They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。 He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。

26 endorsed
vt.& vi.endorse的过去式或过去分词形式v.赞同( endorse的过去式和过去分词 )；在（尤指支票的）背面签字；在（文件的）背面写评论；在广告上说本人使用并赞同某产品
参考例句：
The committee endorsed an initiative by the chairman to enter discussion about a possible merger. 委员会通过了主席提出的新方案，开始就可能进行的并购进行讨论。来自《简明英汉词典》 The government has broadly endorsed a research paper proposing new educational targets for 14-year-olds. 政府基本上支持建议对14 岁少年实行新教育目标的研究报告。来自《简明英汉词典》

27 coercion
n.强制，高压统治
参考例句：
Neither trickery nor coercion is used to secure confessions.既不诱供也不逼供。 He paid the money under coercion.他被迫付钱。

28 malice
n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋
参考例句：
I detected a suggestion of malice in his remarks.我觉察出他说的话略带恶意。 There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.他的许多肖像画中都透着一股强烈的怨恨。

29 negligence
n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意
参考例句：
They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。 The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。

30 opposition
n.反对，敌对
参考例句：
The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。 The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。

31 stipulated
vt.& vi.规定；约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句：
A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。 Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀，我想那是我们所订定的。来自辞典例句

32 creditor
n.债仅人，债主，贷方
参考例句：
The boss assigned his car to his creditor.那工头把自己的小汽车让与了债权人。 I had to run away from my creditor whom I made a usurious loan.我借了高利贷不得不四处躲债。

33 determined
adj.坚定的；有决心的
参考例句：
I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。 He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

34 promptly
adv.及时地，敏捷地
参考例句：
He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。 She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。

35 premises
n.建筑物，房屋
参考例句：
According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定，场内不准饮酒。 All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行，不用送到外面去做。

36 maturity
n.成熟；完成；(支票、债券等)到期
参考例句：
These plants ought to reach maturity after five years.这些植物五年后就该长成了。 This is the period at which the body attains maturity.这是身体发育成熟的时期。

37 payable
adj.可付的，应付的，有利益的
参考例句：
This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。 No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。

38 lawsuit
n.诉讼，控诉
参考例句：
They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。 He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。

39 expiration
n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物
参考例句：
Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗? This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。

40 refunds
n.归还，偿还额，退款( refund的名词复数 )v.归还，退还( refund的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
Tomorrow he would return them to the store and claim refunds. 明天他要把它们退还给商店并要求退款。来自辞典例句 The new method means that taxpayers get refunds much faster. 这种新办法意味着纳税人可以较快地领到退还款。来自辞典例句

41 authorizing
授权，批准，委托( authorize的现在分词 )
参考例句：
Letters of Marque: Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering. 私掠许可证：从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。 Formal phavee completion does not include authorizing the subsequent phavee. 阶段的正式完成不包括核准随后的阶段。

42 unconditional
adj.无条件的，无限制的，绝对的
参考例句：
The victorious army demanded unconditional surrender.胜方要求敌人无条件投降。 My love for all my children is unconditional.我对自己所有孩子的爱都是无条件的。

43 unconditionally
adv.无条件地
参考例句：
All foreign troops must be withdrawn immediately and unconditionally. 所有外国军队必须立即无条件地撤出。 It makes things very awkward to have your girls going back unconditionally just now! 你们现在是无条件上工，真糟糕！来自子夜部分

44 authentic
a.真的，真正的；可靠的，可信的，有根据的
参考例句：
This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。 Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。

45 defraud
vt.欺骗，欺诈
参考例句：
He passed himself off as the managing director to defraud the bank.他假冒总经理的名义诈骗银行。 He is implicated in the scheme to defraud the government.他卷入了这起欺骗政府的阴谋。

46 authorization
n.授权，委任状
参考例句：
Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。 You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。

47 fixed
adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的
参考例句：
Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？ Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

48 habitual
adj.习惯性的；通常的，惯常的
参考例句：
He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。 They are habitual visitors to our house.他们是我家的常客。

49 reimbursed
v.偿还，付还( reimburse的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
Any out-of-pocket expenses incurred on the firm's business will be reimbursed. 由公司业务产生的开销都可以报销。来自《简明英汉词典》 Employees are reimbursed for any legal fees incurred when they relocate. 员工调往异地工作时，他们可以报销由此产生的所有法律服务费用。来自《简明英汉词典》

50 immediate
adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的
参考例句：
His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。 We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

51 endorsee
n.被背书人
参考例句：
However,the endorsee shall not transfer the rights to the bill by means of re-endorsement.但是，被背书人不得再以背书转让汇票权利。 When having acquired the hypothecation according to law,the endorsee may exercise the rights to the draft.被背书人依法实现其质权时，可以行使汇票权利。

52 authenticity
n.真实性
参考例句：
There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。 The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。

53 purporting
v.声称是…，（装得）像是…的样子( purport的现在分词 )
参考例句：
Cindy Adams (Columnist) : He's purporting to be Mother Teresa. 辛迪？亚当斯（专栏作家）：他无意成为德兰修女。来自互联网 To prohibit certain practices purporting to be sales by auction. 本条例旨在对看来是以拍卖方式作出的售卖中某些行为予以禁止。来自互联网

54 endorser
n.背书人，代言人
参考例句：
Where the holder is an endorser,he has no right of recourse against the subsequent parties.持票人为背书人的，对其后手无追索权。 The outcomes revealed that there is positive relationship between endorser's credibility and brand equity's dimensions.结论显示代言人的背景和品牌公平的面向有正面的关

55 mandated
adj. 委托统治的
参考例句：
Mandated desegregation of public schools. 命令解除公立学校中的种族隔离 Britain was mandated to govern the former colony of German East Africa. 英国受权代管德国在东非的前殖民地。

56 compensate
vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消
参考例句：
She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。

57 legitimately
ad.合法地；正当地，合理地
参考例句：
The radio is legitimately owned by the company. 该电台为这家公司所合法拥有。 She looked for nothing save what might come legitimately and without the appearance of special favour. 她要的并不是男人们的额外恩赐，而是合法正当地得到的工作。来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

58 joint
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
参考例句：
I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。 We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

59 authorizes
授权，批准，委托( authorize的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The dictionary authorizes the two spellings 'traveler' and 'traveller'. 字典裁定traveler和traveller两种拼法都对。 The dictionary authorizes the two spellings "honor" and "honour.". 字典裁定 honor 及 honour 两种拼法均可。

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