中华人民共和国水污染防治法（修正）
LAW OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION

（Adopted at the fifth meeting of the Standing¹ Committee of the Sixth National People's Congress on May 11， 1984， and revised according to the Decision Regarding the Revision of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution adopted at the 19th meeting of the Standing Committee of the Eighth National People's Congress on May 15， 1996）
颁布日期：19960515 　实施日期：19841101 　颁布单位：全国人大常委会

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Establishment of Water Environment Quality Standards and Pollutant² Discharge Standards

　　Chapter III Supervision³ and Management of the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

　　Chapter IV Prevention of Surface Water Pollution

　　Chapter V Prevention of Groundwater Pollution

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary⁴ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated⁶ for the purpose of preventing and controlling water pollution， protecting and improving the environment， safeguarding human health， ensuring the effective use of water resources and facilitating the development of socialist⁷ modernization⁸.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to the prevention and control of pollution of rivers， lakes， canals， irrigation channels， reservoirs and other surface water bodies and of groundwater within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

　　This Law is not applicable to the prevention and control of marine⁹ pollution， which is provided for by a separate law.

　　Article 3 Competent departments under the State Council and local people's governments at various levels shall incorporate the protection of the water environment into their plans and adopt ways and measures to prevent and control water pollution.

　　Article 4 The environmental protection departments of the people's governments at all levels shall be the organs exercising unified¹¹ supervision and management of the prevention and control of water pollution.

　　Navigation administrative¹² offices of transportation departments at various levels shall be the organs exercising supervision and management of pollution from ships.

　　Water conservancy administration departments， public health administration departments， geological and mining departments， municipal administration departments and water sources protection agencies on major rivers of people's governments at various levels shall， through performing their respective functions and in conjunction with environmental protection departments， implement¹³ supervision and management of the prevention and control of water pollution.

　　Article 5 All units and individuals shall have the duty to protect the water environment and the right to supervise any act that pollutes or damages the water environment and to inform against the polluter.

　　Any unit or individual that has suffered losses directly from a water pollution hazard shall have the right to claim damages from and demand the elimination¹⁴ of the hazard by the polluter.

　　Chapter II Establishment of Water Environment Quality Standards and Pollutant Discharge Standards

　　Article 6 The environmental protection department of the State Council shall establish national water environment quality standards.

　　The people's governments of provinces， autonomous¹⁵ regions， and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish their own local， supplementary standards for those items not specified¹⁶ in the national water environment quality standards and report the same to the environmental protection department of the State Council for the record.

　　Article 7 The environmental protection department of the State Council shall， in accordance with the national water environment quality standards and the country's economic and technological¹⁷ conditions， establish national pollutant discharge standards.

　　The people's governments of provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may establish its local standards for the discharge of water pollutants¹⁸ for items not specified in the national standards； with regard to items already specified in the national standards， it may set local standards which are more stringent¹⁹ than the national standards. The local standards for the discharge of water pollutants must be reported to the environmental protection department of the State Council for the record.

　　Those who discharge pollutants into any water body where local pollutant discharge standards have been established shall observe such local standards.

　　Article 8 The environmental protection department of the State Council and the people's governments of provinces， autonomous regions， and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall amend²⁰ in due time their respective water environment quality standards and pollutant discharge standards in accordance with the requirements of water pollution prevention and control and with the country's economic and technological conditions.

　　Chapter III Supervision and Management of the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution

　　Article 9 Competent departments under the State Council and local people's governments at various levels shall， in the process of developing， utilizing²¹， regulating and allocating²² water resources， make integrated plans for maintaining proper river flows， proper water levels of lakes and reservoirs and proper groundwater tables， in order to sustain the natural purification capacity of water bodies.

　　Article 10 The prevention and control of water pollution shall be planned in a unified way on the basis of river basins or regions. Water pollution prevention and control plans for major river basins designated by the state shall be drawn²³ up by the environmental protection department of the State Council in consultation²⁴ with the competent planning department， the water conservancy administration department and other competent departments under the State Council， and the people's governments of involved provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities under the Central Government， and shall be reported to the State Council for approval.

　　Water pollution prevention and control plans for other river basins involving two or more provinces or counties shall， in accordance with the plans for major river basins designated by the state and with the local practical situations， be drawn up by the environmental protection department in consultation with the water conservancy administration department and other competent departments of the people's government at or above the provincial²⁵ level， and the local people's governments involved， and shall be reported to the State Council or the people's government at the provincial level for approval. Plans for other river basins involving two or more counties but not involving different provinces shall be reported by the people's government of the province to the State Council for the record.

　　The approved plans shall serve as the bases for the prevention and control of water pollution. Any amendment²⁶ to an approved plan must be approved by the original approving department.

　　Local people's governments at or above the county level shall， in accordance with the water pollution prevention and control plans for river basins already approved according to law， organize to formulate⁵ plans for the prevention and control of water pollution within their respective administrative areas， and shall incorporate such plans into the medium-and long-term plans and annual plans for the national economy and social development of their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 11 Competent departments under the State Council and local people's governments at various levels shall make rational plans for the placement of industry， and see to it that enterprises causing water pollution are modified and technically²⁷ renovated²⁸， adopting comprehensive prevention and control measures， raising the frequency of water reuse， utilizing resources rationally and reducing the quantity of waste water and pollutants discharged.

　　Article 12 For water bodies at scenic²⁹ or historic sites， important fishery water bodies and other water bodies of special economic or cultural value， people's governments at or above the county level may delineate protected zones and take measures to ensure that the water quality in those protected zones complies with the standards for their designated uses.

　　Article 13 New construction projects， extensions， or reconstruction³⁰ projects which discharge pollutants into water bodies directly or indirectly³¹ and installations on water shall be subject to the state provisions concerning environmental protection for such projects.

　　The environmental impact statement of a construction project shall assess the water pollution hazards the project is likely to produce and its impacting the ecosystem³²， with prevention and control measures provided therein； the statement shall be submitted， according to the specified procedure， to the environmental protection department concerned for review and approval. The setting up of sewage out falls within any water conservancy projects such as canals， irrigation channels and reservoirs shall be approved by the relevant department in change of water conservancy.

　　Facilities for the prevention and control of water pollution at a construction project must be designed， built and commissioned together with the principal part of the project. Such facilities must be inspected by the environmental protection department； if they do not conform to the specified requirements， the said project shall not be permitted to be put into operation or to use.

　　The environmental impact statement shall include views of units and residents where the construction project is to be located.

　　Article 14 Enterprises and institutions that discharge pollutants directly or indirectly into a water body shall， pursuant to the provisions of the environmental protection department of the State Council， report to and register with their local environmental protection department their existing treatment and discharge facilities for pollutants and the categories， quantities and concentrations of pollutants discharged under their normal operating conditions and also submit to the same department the relevant technical information concerning the prevention and control of water pollution.

　　The pollutant discharging units mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall report in time if any substantial change occurs in the categories， quantities or concentrations of the water pollutants discharged. Their water pollutant treatment facilities must be kept in normal use. When such facilities are to be dismantled³⁴ or left idle， prior approval must be obtained from the environmental protection department of the local people's government at or above the county level.

　　Article 15 Enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants into a water body shall pay a discharge fee as provided for by the state. If the discharge of pollutants exceeds the limits set by national or local standards， they shall pay a fee for excess discharge according to state provisions.

　　The income derived³⁵ from the discharge fee and the fee for excess discharge must be used for the prevention and control of pollution and shall not be appropriated for other purposes.

　　Enterprises and institutions discharging pollutants in excess of the prescribed standards must work out a programme to eliminate and control the pollution， and report such programme to the environmental protection department of the local people's government at or above the county level for the record.

　　Article 16 Where the water pollutant discharge standards have been reached but cannot ensure the attainment³⁶ of the water environment quality standards for water bodies， the people's governments at or above the provincial level may establish a system for controlling the total quantity of major pollutants discharged， and practise a system for determining the quantity of such major pollutants discharged among enterprises which are responsible for reducing the quantity of pollutants discharged. The State Council shall formulate specified measures therefor.

　　Article 17 The environmental protection department of the State Council may， in consultation with the water conservancy administration department under the State Council and the relevant people's government at the provincial level， and in accordance with uses and functions of water bodies of major river basins designated by the state and with local economic and technological conditions， set the water environmental quality standards applicable to provincial boundary water bodies of such major river basins， and report to the State Council and implement them after approval.

　　Article 18 The working organs for water resource protection of major river basins designated by the state shall be responsible for monitoring the state of environmental quality of provincial boundary water bodies within their respective river basin areas， and report the monitoring results in time to the environmental protection department and the water conservancy administration department of the State Council； if a leading organ for water resource protection of the river basin has been established with the approval of the State Council， the monitoring results shall in time be reported thereto.

　　Article 19 Urban sewage shall be disposed of in a centralized way.

　　Competent departments under the State Council and local people's governments at various levels must in corporate¹⁰ into their plans of municipal construction the protection of urban water sources and the prevention and control of urban water pollution， construct and perfect municipal drainage systems， and construct urban sewage treatment facilities in a planned way， in order to strengthen the comprehensive improvement of urban water environment.

　　Urban sewage treatment facilities shall， according to the state provisions， be used to provide paid service of sewage treatment for pollutant dischargers， and the fee for sewage treatment shall be collected to ensure the normal operation of sewage treatment facilities. Where sewage is discharged into urban sewage treatment facilities and the fee for sewage treatment has been paid therefor， the discharge fee shall not be levied³⁷. The income derived from the fee for sewage treatment so collected must be used for the construction and operation of urban sewage treatment facilities and may not be appropriated for other purposes.

　　The State Council shall formulate specific measures for the collection of the sewage treatment fee， and for the management and utilization³⁸ of urban sewage treatment facilities.

　　Article 20 People's governments at or above the provincial level may delineate protected zones for surface sources of domestic and drinking water according to law. Such protected zones include the first and other classes protected zones. Specific water and land areas in the vicinity of intakes⁴⁰ at a surface source for domestic and drinking water maybe delineated as a first class protected zone， and those water and land areas outside the first class protected zone be delineated as other class protected zone. Various classes protected zones shall have their definite geographical⁴¹ boundaries.

　　The discharge of waste water into water bodies at the first class protected zones for surface sources of domestic and drinking water shall be prohibited.

　　Tours， swims and other activities which might cause pollution to domestic and drinking water bodies within the first class protected zones shall be prohibited.

　　Any new construction project or expansion unrelated to water supply facilities and to the protection of water sources within the first class protected zones for surface sources of domestic and drinking water shall be prohibited.

　　People's governments at or above the county level shall， according to their limits of authorities specified by the State Council， order to dismantle³³ or improve within a prescribed time period those sewage out falls already set up within the first class protected zones for surface sources of domestic and drinking water.

　　The protection of domestic and drinking groundwater sources shall be strengthened.

　　The State Council shall formulate specific measures for the protection of domestic and drinking water sources.

　　Article 21 In case of emergency， such as the severe pollution of a domestic and drinking water source which threatens safe water supply， the relevant environmental protection department shall， with the approval of the people's government at the corresponding level， take compulsory⁴² emergency measures， including ordering the enterprises or institutions concerned to reduce or stop the discharge of pollutants.

　　Article 22 Enterprises shall adopt clean production techniques which are efficient in the use of raw materials and discharge small quantity of pollutants， and shall strengthen the management to reduce the water pollutants generated.

　　The state establishes a system for eliminating those backward production techniques and equipment， which cause severe pollution to water environment.

　　The competent comprehensive administrative department of economy under the State Council shall， in consultation with departments concerned under the State Council， announce a catalogue of techniques which cause severe pollution to water environment and of which the adoption⁴³ is to be prohibited upon the expiration⁴⁴ of a prescribed time period， as well as a catalogue of equipment which causes severe pollution to water environment and of which the production， sale， importation and use are to be prohibited upon the expiration of a prescribed time period.

　　Producers， marketers， importers or users must， within the time limit specified by the competent comprehensive administrative department of economy in consultation with departments concerned under the State Council， stop respectively the production， sale， importation or use of equipment listed in the catalogue mentioned in the preceding paragraph. Adopters of production techniques must， within the time limit specified by the competent comprehensive administrative department of economy in consultation with departments concerned under the State Council， stop the adoption of techniques listed in the catalogue mentioned in the preceding paragraph.

　　Equipment already eliminated according to the provisions in two preceding paragraphs may not be transferred to others for use.

　　Article 23 The state prohibits the establishment of any new small-size enterprise engaging in chemical paper pulp⁴⁵ making， printing and dyeing， dyestuff， hide processing， electroplating， oil refining or agricultural chemical without measures for the prevention and control of water pollution， and other enterprises which may cause severe pollution to water environment.

　　Article 24 If a unit discharging pollutants has caused severe pollution of a water body， it shall be ordered to eliminate and control the pollution within a certain period.

　　For enterprises and institutions directly under the jurisdiction⁴⁶ of the Central Government or the people's government of a province， autonomous region， or municipality directly under the Central Government， the determination of a deadline for elimination or control of pollution shall be recommended by the environmental protection department of the people's government of the province， autonomous region or municipality， and be reported to the people's government at the corresponding level for decision. For enterprises and institutions under the jurisdiction of a people's government at or below the city or county level， such recommendation shall be made by the environmental protection department of the people's government at the corresponding level for decision. The pollutant discharging units shall accomplish the elimination or control of pollution within the specified period.

　　Article 25 Environmental protection departments and relevant supervisory and management departments of people's governments at various levels shall be empowered to make on-site inspections⁴⁸ of units under their jurisdiction that discharge pollutants. The units being inspected shall report the situation truthfully and provide the necessary information. The inspecting authorities shall have the obligation to keep the technological and trade secrets of the units inspected.

　　Article 26 Water pollution disputes involving different administrative areas shall be settled through negotiation⁴⁹ between or among local people's governments involved therein， or through co-ordination by their common higher people's government.

　　Chapter IV Prevention of Surface Water Pollution

　　Article 27 No new sewage out falls shall be set up in the protected zones for domestic and drinking water sources， water bodies at scenic or historic sites， important fishery water bodies and other water bodies of special economic or cultural value. When new sewage out falls are set up in the vicinity of such protected zones， the water bodies within those zones must be ensured against pollution.

　　Measures for the elimination or control of pollution shall be taken for any sewage out fall which was established before the promulgation⁵⁰ of this Law and which discharges pollutants in excess of the limits set by national or local standards. Out falls endangering drinking water sources shall be relocated.

　　Article 28 Where any pollutant discharging unit， as a result of an accident or other exigency⁵¹， discharges pollutants in excess of normal quantities， thereby⁵² causing or threatening to cause a water pollution accident， it shall immediately take emergency measures， inform such units as are likely to be endangered or damaged by the water pollution and report the case to the local environmental protection department. Ships that have caused any pollution accident shall report the case to the nearest navigation administration office for its investigation⁵³ and disposal.

　　In the case of any pollution accident caused to fisheries， the fisheries administrative and superintendency agencies shall be responsible for its investigation and disposal.

　　Article 29 The discharge of any oil， acid or alkaline solutions or deadly toxic⁵⁴ liquid waste into any water body shall be prohibited.

　　Article 30 The washing in any water body of vehicles or containers which have been used for storing oil or toxic pollutant shall be prohibited.

　　Article 31 The discharge or dumping into any water body， or the direct underground burying of deadly toxic soluble⁵⁵ slag⁵⁶， tailings， etc.， containing such substances as mercury， cadmium， arsenic⁵⁷， chromium， lead， cyanide and yellow phosphorus， is prohibited.

　　Sites for depositing deadly toxic soluble slag， tailings， etc.， shall be made waterproof⁵⁸ and protected against see page and leaking.

　　Article 32 The discharge or dumping of industrial waste residues⁵⁹， urban refuse or other wastes into any water body shall be prohibited.

　　Article 33 The piling or depositing of solid wastes and other pollutants on beaches and bank slopes below the highest water level of rivers， lakes， canals， irrigation channels and reservoirs shall be prohibited.

　　Article 34 The discharge or dumping of radioactive solid wastes or of waste water containing any high- or medium-level radioactive substances into any water body shall be prohibited.

　　The discharge of waste water containing low-level radioactive substances shall comply with the relevant national provisions and standards for radioactive protection.

　　Article 35 Where discharge of heated waste water into any water body is to be made， measures shall be taken to ensure that the temperature of the water body conforms to the water environment quality standards， so as to prevent any heat pollution hazard.

　　Article 36 Pathogen-contaminated sewage can be discharged only after it is disinfected to meet the relevant national standards.

　　Article 37 The discharge of industrial waste water or urban sewage into agricultural irrigation channels shall be made only with the assurance that the water quality at the nearest irrigation intake³⁹ downstream conforms to the agricultural irrigation water quality standards.

　　When industrial waste water or urban sewage is used for irrigation， attention shall be paid to guarding against pollution of the soil， groundwater or agricultural products.

　　Article 38 The application of pesticides⁶⁰ shall comply with the state provisions and standards for their safe use.

　　Transportation and storage of pesticides and disposal of expired or ineffective pesticides shall be strictly⁶¹ controlled to prevent water pollution.

　　Article 39 The agricultural administration department and other relevant departments of a local people's government at or above the county level shall take measures to instruct agricultural producers to apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides in a scientific and rational manner， and control the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides， so as to prevent water pollution therefrom.

　　Article 40 The discharge of oil-bearing waste water or domestic sewage from ships shall comply with ship pollutant discharge standards. Ocean navigating⁶² ships， on entering inland rivers or harbours， shall observe ship pollutant discharge standards for inland rivers.

　　Residual⁶³ oil or waste oil of ships must be recovered， and its discharge into any water body shall be prohibited.

　　The dumping of ship refuse into any water body shall be prohibited.

　　In the process of loading and transporting oils or toxic cargoes⁶⁴， ships must be safeguarded against spillage and leakage⁶⁵ and against such cargoes falling into the water， so as to prevent water pollution therefrom.

　　Chapter V Prevention of Groundwater Pollution

　　Article 41 Enterprises and institutions shall be prohibited from discharging waste water containing toxic pollutants or pathogens or dumping other wastes into seepage⁶⁶ wells， cesspools， crevices⁶⁷ or karst caves.

　　Article 42 At places where no satisfactory impervious⁶⁸ strata⁶⁹ exist， enterprises and institutions shall be prohibited from using ditches， pits or ponds which are without safeguards against seepage for conveyance⁷⁰ or storage of wastewater containing toxic pollutants or pathogens， or of other wastes.

　　Article 43 In exploiting groundwater from multiple aquifers⁷²， layered exploitation shall be resorted to if water quality differs greatly from one aquifer⁷¹ to another. Combined exploitation of artesian water and polluted phreatic water shall not be permitted.

　　Article 44 While constructing underground engineering facilities or carrying out prospecting⁷³， mining or other underground activities， protective measures shall be taken for prevention of groundwater pollution.

　　Article 45 Artificial recharge of groundwater shall not be deleterious to groundwater quality.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 46 Any violator of this Law shall， according to the circumstances of the case， be warned or fined by the competent environmental protection department or the navigation office of the competent transportations department for any of the following：

　　（1） refusing to report or submitting a false report on items for which registration⁷⁴ is required by the environmental protection department of the State Council for the discharge of pollutants；

　　（2） refusing an on-site inspection⁴⁷ by the competent environmental protection department or supervisory and management department， or resorting to deception⁷⁵；

　　（3） storing， piling， abandoning， dumping or discharging any pollutant or waste in violation⁷⁶ of Chapters IV and V of this Law； or

　　（4） failing to pay， as provided for by the state， the fee for pollutant discharge or for excess discharge.

　　The amount of the fine and the procedure for its imposition shall be stipulated⁷⁷ in the rules for the implementation⁷⁸ of this Law.

　　Article 47 If， in violation of the provisions of the third paragraph of Article 13 in this Law， a construction project is put into operation or to use when its facilities for the prevention and control of water pollution have not completed or fail to meet the state specified requirements， the environmental protection department that approved the environmental impact statement of the said project shall order the violator to stop the operation or use of the project and may concurrently⁷⁹ impose a fine.

　　Article 48 If a pollutant discharging unit， in violation of the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 14 in this Law， intentionally⁸⁰ does not keep its water pollutant treatment facilities in normal use， or dismantles⁸¹ or leaves idle such facilities without approval of the environmental protection department， thereby discharging pollutants in excess of prescribed standards， the environmental protection department of a local people's government at or above the county level shall order it to restore such facilities to the normal use， or set a time limit for it to reinstall and reuse such facilities， and concurrently impose a fine.

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