证券交易所管理办法(一)
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证券交易所管理办法
MEASURES FOR THE ADMINISTRATION OF STOCK EXCHANGES

证委发(1996)28号
(Approved by the State Council on November 30, 1997 and promulgated1 by the Securities Commission under the State Council on December 10, 1997)
颁布日期:19960821  实施日期:19960821  颁布单位:国务院证券委员会

  Chapter I General Provisions

  Article 1 These Measures are formulated3 with a view to strengthening the administration of stock exchanges, clearly defining the powers and responsibilities of stock exchanges and main taianing normal order in securities markets.

  Article 2 These Measures shall be applicable to the establishment of stock exchanges within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

  Article 3 The stock exchanges referred to in these Measures mean legal entities4 of operation practising self-disciplined membership system established pursuant to the qualifications prescribed by these Measures not for profit that provide sites and facilities for centralized and organized trading and perform the powers and responsibilities prescribed by relevant state laws, regulations, rules and policies.

  Article 4 Stock exchanges shall be subject to the supervision5 and control of China Securities Supervisory and Control Commission(hereinafter referred to as CSSCC)。

  The stock registration6 settlement agencies established by the stock exchanges should accept the supervision and control of CSSCC.

  Article 5 The name of a stock exchange should be marked by the letters “stock exchange”。 No other unit or individual shall use the name of “stock exchange”。

  Chapter II The Establishment and Dissolution of A Stock Exchange

  Article 6 The establishment of a stock exchange shall be subject to the examination and verification of the Securities Commission under the State Council(hereinafter referred to as the “Securities Commission”) and submitted to the State Council for approval.

  Article 7 The following documents shall be presented to the Securities Commission in applying for the establishment of a stock exchange:

  (1)a letter of application;

  (2)drafts of the articles of association and main business rules;

  (3)a list of members that propose to join;

  (4)a list and curricula vitae of candidates of the board of directors;

  (5)explanations on site, equipment and funds;

  (6)explanations on the conditions of managerial staff it proposes to employ; and

  (7)other documents the presentation of which is required by the Securities Commission.

  Article 8 The articles of association of a stock exchange shall contain the following particulars:

  (1)purpose of establishment;

  (2)name;

  (3)location of its main office, trading site and facilities;

  (4)scope of functions;

  (5)membership eligibility7 and procedures of joining and withdrawal8

  (6)membership rights and obligations;

  (7)disciplinary sanctions of members;

  (8)organization and its powers;

  (9)formation, appointments and relief of the posts and the responsibilities of high-ranking managerial personnel;

  (10)capital and financial matters;

  (11)conditions and procedures of dissolution; and

  (12)other matters that require to be stipulated10 in the articles of association.

  Article 9 Dissolution of a stock exchange shall be submitted to the State Council for approval upon consent by the Securities Commission after examination and verification.

  Chapter III Functions of A Stock Exchange

  Article 10 A stock exchange should create open, fair and just market environment to ensure the normal operations of the securities market.

  Article 11 The functions of a stock exchange include:

  (1)provision of site and facilities for securities trading;

  (2)formulation of business rules for the stock exchange;

  (3)acceptance of listing applications and arrangement of securities listing;

  (4)organization and supervision of securities trading;

  (5)supervision and control over the members;

  (6)supervision and control over the listed companies;

  (7)establishment of the stock registration settlement agency;

  (8)management and publication of market information; and

  (9)other functions permitted by the Securities Commission.

  Article 12 No stock exchange shall directly or indirectly11 engage in:

  (1)businesses for profit;

  (2)information and publication;

  (3)publication of writings and materials on predictions on securities prices;

  (4)provision of guaranty for others; and

  (5)other businesses not approved by the Securities Commission.

  Article 13 Listing of new varieties for securities trading by a stock exchange shall be submitted to the Securities Commission for approval.

  Article 14 Provision of securities trading services in varieties for securities trading not listed in the exchange in networking and other forms by a stock exchange shall be submitted to the Securities Commission for approval.

  Article 15 A stock exchange should formulate2 and revise business rules within the scope of its functions. The business rules fromulated and revised by a stock exchange shall be adopted by the board of directors of the stock exchange and submitted to the Securities Commission for approval.

  The business rules of a stock exchange shall include rules for listing, rules for trading, rules for membership management and other rules relating to securities trading activities.

  Chapter IV Organization of A Stock Exchange

  Article 16 A stock exchange shall establish the membership meeting, the board of directors and specialized13 committees.

  Article 17 The membership meeting shall be the highest organ of power of a stock exchange. The membership meeting has the following powers:

  (1)formulation and revision of the articles of association of the stock exchange;

  (2)election and dismissal of member directors of the board;

  (3)review and adoption14 of the work reports of the board of directors and the general manager;

  (4)review and adoption of the financial budget and final settlement report of the stock exchange; and

  (5)decisions on other major matters of the stock exchange.

  The formulation and revision of the articles of association adopted by the membership meeting shall be submitted to the Securities Commission for approval.

  Article 18 The membership meeting shall be convened15 once a year by the board of directors. An ad hoc membership meeting shall be convened in the event of any of the following circumstances:

  (1)the number of directors is less than the minimum number prescribed by these Measures;

  (2)at the request of over one third of the members out of the total membership; and

  (3)when the board of directors deems it necessary.

  Article 19 The membership meeting must be attended by over two thirds of the members and its resolutions shall be valid16 only after adoption by more than fifty percent of the members who are present and vote for them.

  A stock exchange shall, within ten days after the conclusion of the membership meeting, submit all the documents and relevant information of the meeting to the Securities Commission for the record.

  Article 20 The board of directors shall be the decision-making body of a stock exchange. Its terms of office shall be three years.

  The responsibilities of the board of directors shall be:

  (1)to implement17 the resolutions of the membership meeting;

  (2)to formulate and revise the business rules of the stock exchange;

  (3)to examine and finalize18 the work plan put forth19 by the general manager;

  (4)to examine and finalize the financial budget and final settlement proposals put forth by the general manager;

  (5)to examine and decide on the admission of members;

  (6)to examine and decide on the penalty of members;

  (7)to decide on the establishment of specialized committees in the light of requirements; and

  (8)other responsibilities given by the membership meeting.

  Article 21 The board of directors of a stock exchange shall be composed of 7 to 13 persons, among them the number of non-member directors shall not be less than one third of the total number of the members of the board of directors and not more than fifty percent of the total number of the members of the board of directors.

  Member directors shall be elected by the membership meeting. Non-member directors shall be appointed by CSSCC.

  A director shall not serve more than two consecutive20 terms.

  The meeting of the board of directors shall be convened at least once a quarter. The meeting must be attended by two third of the directors and its resolution(s) shall be valid only on approval through vote by more than two third of the directors present at the meeting. The resolution(s) of the board of directors shall be submitted to CSSCC for the record within two working days upon conclusion of the meeting.

  Article 22 The board of directors shall have one chairman, one to two vice12 chairmen. The chairman and vice chairman(chairmen) shall be nominated by CSSCC and elected by the board of directors. The general manager should be a member of the board of directors.

  Article 23 The chairmen shall be responsible for the convening21 and chairing of the meeting of the board of directors. When the chairman is unable to perform his/her responsibilities temporarily for unforeseen reasons, the vice chairman designated by the chairman shall perform the responsibilities on his/her behalf.

  The chairman shall serve as the president of the meeting during the membership meeting.

  The chairman shall not concurrently22 serve as the general manager of a stock exchange.

  Article 24 A stock exchange shall have one general manager and one to three deputy general managers. The general manager shall be appointed and relieved of the posts by CSSCC. No public servant of the state shall concurrently serve as the general manager or deputy general manager.

  The term of office for the general manager and deputy general manager shall be three years. The general manager shall not serve more than two consecutive terms. The general manager who shall, under the leadership of the board of directors, be responsible for the routine administration of a stock exchange shall be the legal representative of the stock exchange. When the general manager is unable to perform his/her responsibilities temporarily for unforeseen reasons, the deputy general manager designated by the general manager shall perform the responsibilities on his/her behalf.

  Article 25 The appointments and relief of the posts of middle-rank cadres of a stock exchange shall be submitted to CSSCC for the record, the appointments and relief of the posts of the persons-in-charge of the accounting23 and personnel departments shall be submitted to CSSCC for approval.

  Article 26 The board of directors shall establish a supervisory commission the term of office of which shall be three years. The chairman shall serve concurrently as the president of the supervisory commission. The supervisory commission which is responsible to the board of directors shall exercise the following powers:

  (1)to oversee24 the high-ranking managerial personnel and other staff members of the stock exchange in abiding25 by the relevant state laws, regulations, rules, policies and the articles of association and business rules of the stock exchange;

  (2)to oversee the high-ranking managerial personnel in the implementation26 of the resolution(s) of the membership meeting and the board of directors;

  (3)to oversee the financial status of the stock exchange; and

  (4)other powers provided for in the articles of association of the stock exchange.

  Article 27 The board of directors may establish subordinate specialized committees in accordance with requirements. Specific provisions shall be made in the articles of association of a stock exchange on matters concerning the responsibilities, term of office and composition of members of all specialized committees.

  The expenses of all specialized committees should be integrated into the budget of the stock exchange.

  Article 28 Whoever has any of the following circumstances must not be recruited as an employee of a stock exchange and must not serve as a high-ranking administrator27 of a stock exchange:

  (1)has committed crimes of corruption28bribes29, occupation of property and appropriation30 of property or the crime of disrupting socio-economic order, or having been deprived of political rights for crime;

  (2)an employee of a securities operations agency or other financial institutions who has been relieved of the post for acts in violation31 of law or discipline for not more than five years starting from the date of relief of the post;

  (3)a lawyer, certified32 accountant or a professional of a legal asset appraisal33 agency or capital authentication34 agency who has been revoked35 of the qualification for acts in violation of law for not more than five years starting from the date of revocation36 of the qualification;

  (4)the legal representative of a company or an enterprise that has been revoked of the business license37 for acts in violation of law and is personally responsible for the revocation of the business license of the said company or enterprise for not more than five years starting from the date of revocation of the business license;

  (5)one who has served as a director of the board, director of a factory or manager of a company or an enterprise that has gone bankrupt due to poor management and is personally responsible for the bankruptcy38 of the said company or enterprise for not more than five years starting from the date of bankruptcy;

  (6)a functionary39 of a state organ who has been dismissed for not more than five years starting from the date of dismissal; and

  (7)other circumstances prescribed by the relevant state laws, regulations, rules and policies.

  Article 29 In the event of improper40 circumstances in the composition and employment of high-ranking managerial personnel of a stock exchange or the aforesaid personnel have committed acts in violation of the relevant state laws, regulations, rules and policies and the articles of association and business rules of the stock exchange during the term of office, or due to other reasons who is no longer suitable to continue to serve in the position he/she has been serving, CSSCC has the power to remove the personnel involved from their posts and appoint new members.

  Chapter V Supervision and Administration of a Stock Exchange over Securities Trading Activities

  Article 30 A stock exchange should formulate specific trading rules. Their contents shall include:

  (1)types and duration of the securities to be traded;

  (2)modes of securities trading and the operational procedures;

  (3)the acts prohibited in securities trading;

  (4)settlement clearing matters;

  (5)resolution of trading disputes;

  (6)suspension, resumption and cancellation41 of trading of listed securities;

  (7)opening, closing, and resting of the stock exchange and handling of abnormal circumstances;

  (8)mode of collection and rates of service charges and other related fees in trading;

  (9)provisions on the handling of acts in violation of the trading rules;

  (10)provision and management of the securities trading information of the stock exchange;

  (11)compilation method and mode of publication of stock price indices; and

  (12)other matters that require to be stipulated in the trading rules.

  Article 31 A stock exchange should publish the current/immediate quotations42 and make daily a securities quotations table recording43 the following particulars which shall be announced in appropriate ways:

  (1)names of the listed securities;

  (2)the opening, highest, lowest and closing prices;

  (3)the rise and fall in comparison with the closing price of the preceding trading day;

  (4)separate calculation and total calculation of the volume and value of transactions made;

  (5)stock price indices and their rise and fall; and

  (6)other matters CSSCC requires to be made public.

  Article 32 A stock exchange should compile a daily statement, a weekly statement, a monthly statement and an annual statement on the transactions effected in its market which shall be released to society in time.

  Article 33 A stock exchange should work out detailed44 provisions in the business rules on the terms of coming into force and annulment45 of a securities transaction contract and safeguard the validity of the securities transaction contracts concluded in the stock exchange.

  Article 34 A stock exchange should guarantee that investors46 have equal opportunity to obtain the trading quotations and other publicly disclosed information in the securities market and have equal opportunity in trading.

  Article 35 A stock exchange has the power to suspend or resume the trading of the listed securities pursuant to relevant provisions. When the time of suspension of trading exceeds one trading day, a report should be submitted to CSSCC for the record; when the time of suspension of trading exceeds five trading days, a report shall be submitted to CSSCC in advance for approval.

  CSSCC has the power to ask a stock exchange to suspend or resume the trading of the listed securities.

  Article 36 A stock exchange should establish the market access system and restrict or prohibit the securities trading acts of particular securities investors in accordance with the provisions of securities regulations or the requirements of CSSCC.

  Except for the above-mentioned circumstances, a stock exchange must not restrict or prohibit the acts of securities buying or selling by securities investors.

  Article 37 A stock exchange and its members should put in safekeeping the materials of entrustment47, the trading records and settlement papers from the securities transactions, and formulate corresponding search and secrecy48 control measures.

  A stock exchange should determine the duration of safekeeping of the above-mentioned documents in accordance with the requirements and submit it to CSSCC for approval. The duration of safekeeping of important documents should not be less than 20 years.

  Article 38 A stock exchange should guarantee the conscientious49 implementation of its business rules and handle the acts in violation of the business rules in time.

  A stock exchange shall bear the responsibility of uncovering, curbing50 and reporting the acts in violation of laws and regulations relating to securities trading prescribed in relevant state laws, regulations, rules and policies, and has the power to investigate and deal with them within the scope of responsibilities.

  Article 39 A stock exchange should establish a computer system conforming to the requirements of securities market supervision and control and real time monitoring, and establish a specialized agency for securities market supervision and control.

  CSSCC may ask the stock exchanges to establish information exchange systems and joint51 supervision and control systems for the purpose of market supervision and control among them for the joint supervision and control of trans-market improper trading acts and control of market risks.

  Chapter VI Supervision and Control over the Members by the Stock Exchange

  Article 40 A stock exchange should formulate specific rules for membership administration. Their contents shall include:

  (1)terms and procedures for the acquisition of membership;

  (2)measures for the administration of seats;

  (3)requirements for membership internal supervision, risk control, standards for the computer systems and their maintenance relating to securities trading and the settlement business;

  (4)business reporting system of members;

  (5)code of conduct of listing representatives sent by members on the trading floor;

  (6)penalty of acts in violation of laws and regulations by members and their listing representatives; and

  (7)other matters that require to be stipulated in the membership administration rules.

  Article 41 Members admitted by stock exchanges should be the in-country securities operations agencies with the status of a legal person the establishment of which is approved by the empowered departments.

  Article 42 The decision of a stock exchange on the admission or expulsion of a member should be submitted to CSSCC for the record within five working days after the decision is made; the decision on the admission or expulsion of members other than the official members should be submitted to CSSCC five working days ahead of the completion of the relevant formalities for the record.

  Article 43 A stock exchange must restrict the number of trading seats. The establishment of seats other than the general seats by a stock exchange shall be subject to the approval of CSSCC. Adjustment in the number of general seats and seats other than the general seats by a stock exchange shall be subject to the approval of CSSCC in advance.

  Article 44 A stock exchange shall exercise stringent52 administration over the trading seat obtained by a member. Transfer of a seat by a member shall be subject to the examination and approval of the exchange pursuant to the relevant provisions on the administration of the stock exchange. A member is strictly53 prohibited to hand over the seat in full or in part to another agency or individual for use in the form of lease or contracting.

  Article 45 A stock exchange should, in accordance with the provisions concerning the administration of self-managed securities business of securities operations agencies and business rules of the stock exchange, exercise the following supervision and administration over the self-managed securities business of the members:

  (1)to ask the members to use special stock accounts and fund accounts in self-managed buying and selling business, and adopt technical means to enforce stringent administration;

  (2)to inspect whether the members opening self-managed accounts have the prescribed self-operations qualification;

  (3)to ask the members to compile monthly securities inventory54 statement and submit the same to the stock exchange before the 5th of the following month;

  (4)to work out specific risk control measures for self-operations and submit the same to CSSCC for the record;

  (5)to submit reports on the status of self-managed securities business of all members ending on the said dates to CSSCC within 30 days after June 30 and December 31 every year; and

  (6)other matters relating to supervision and administration.

  Article 46 A stock exchange should work out detailed provisions on securities buying and selling business by members for clients in the business rules and exercise the following supervision and administration:

  (1)to determine the format9 of the agency agreement to be signed by a member and a client and examine the legitimacy55 of its contents;

  (2)to work out the procedures and responsibilities in accepting the entrustment of a client and make sample survey of the status on the implementation of the entrustment of the clients; and

  (3)to ask the members to submit a report on their trading business and clients' complaints within 5 days after every month. The format of the report and the contents shall be promulgated by the stock exchange upon approval of CSSCC.

  Article 47 A stock exchange should make sample or comprehensive inspection56 over the members' financial status, internal risk control system and compliance57 with the relevant state regulations and business rules of the stock exchange, and report the results of inspection to CSSCC.

  Article 48 A stock exchange has the power to ask the members to provide business-related statements, account books, trading records as well as other documents and materials.

  Article 49 Members of a stock exchange should accept the supervision and administration of the stock exchange and report relevant questions on their own initiative.

  Article 50 A stock exchange may impose sanctions on the members for acts in violation of regulations pursuant to the articles of association and business rules of the stock exchange.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
2 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
3 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
4 entities 07214c6750d983a32e0a33da225c4efd     
实体对像; 实体,独立存在体,实际存在物( entity的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Our newspaper and our printing business form separate corporate entities. 我们的报纸和印刷业形成相对独立的企业实体。
  • The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities. 北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。
5 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
6 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
7 eligibility xqXxL     
n.合格,资格
参考例句:
  • What are the eligibility requirements? 病人被选参加试验的要求是什么? 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 回顾与展望
  • Eligibility for HINARI access is based on gross national income (GNI). 进入HINARI获取计划是依据国民总收入来评定的。
8 withdrawal Cfhwq     
n.取回,提款;撤退,撤军;收回,撤销
参考例句:
  • The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
  • They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。
9 format giJxb     
n.设计,版式;[计算机]格式,DOS命令:格式化(磁盘),用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据;v.使格式化,设计,安排
参考例句:
  • Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
  • The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。
10 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
11 indirectly a8UxR     
adv.间接地,不直接了当地
参考例句:
  • I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
  • They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人,他们进行了间接接触。
12 vice NU0zQ     
n.坏事;恶习;[pl.]台钳,老虎钳;adj.副的
参考例句:
  • He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。
  • They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。
13 specialized Chuzwe     
adj.专门的,专业化的
参考例句:
  • There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
14 adoption UK7yu     
n.采用,采纳,通过;收养
参考例句:
  • An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
  • The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。
15 convened fbc66e55ebdef2d409f2794046df6cf1     
召开( convene的过去式 ); 召集; (为正式会议而)聚集; 集合
参考例句:
  • The chairman convened the committee to put the issue to a vote. 主席召集委员们开会对这个问题进行表决。
  • The governor convened his troops to put down the revolt. 总督召集他的部队去镇压叛乱。
16 valid eiCwm     
adj.有确实根据的;有效的;正当的,合法的
参考例句:
  • His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。
  • Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗?
17 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
18 finalize otRzVH     
v.落实,定下来
参考例句:
  • Let us finalize tonight.让我们今天晚上干完
  • 。At the same time,industrial designers work with engineers to finalize components and assembly.同时,工业设计师和工程师一道来完成部件和组装部分的工作。
19 forth Hzdz2     
adv.向前;向外,往外
参考例句:
  • The wind moved the trees gently back and forth.风吹得树轻轻地来回摇晃。
  • He gave forth a series of works in rapid succession.他很快连续发表了一系列的作品。
20 consecutive DpPz0     
adj.连续的,联贯的,始终一贯的
参考例句:
  • It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
  • The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。
21 convening 4d413e01efbc28ab0312f400ad5ce18a     
召开( convene的现在分词 ); 召集; (为正式会议而)聚集; 集合
参考例句:
  • When convening the assembly, however, you shall blow without sounding an alarm. 民10:7但招聚会众的时候、们要吹号、不要吹出大声。
  • We warmly welcome the convening of Asia-Europe meeting in London. 热烈欢迎亚欧会议在伦敦召开。
22 concurrently 7a0b4be5325a98c61c407bef16b74293     
adv.同时地
参考例句:
  • He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁,同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁,同期执行。 来自辞典例句
23 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计,会计学,借贷对照表
参考例句:
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
24 oversee zKMxr     
vt.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
  • Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。
25 abiding uzMzxC     
adj.永久的,持久的,不变的
参考例句:
  • He had an abiding love of the English countryside.他永远热爱英国的乡村。
  • He has a genuine and abiding love of the craft.他对这门手艺有着真挚持久的热爱。
26 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
27 administrator SJeyZ     
n.经营管理者,行政官员
参考例句:
  • The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
  • He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。
28 corruption TzCxn     
n.腐败,堕落,贪污
参考例句:
  • The people asked the government to hit out against corruption and theft.人民要求政府严惩贪污盗窃。
  • The old man reviled against corruption.那老人痛斥了贪污舞弊。
29 bribes f3132f875c572eefabf4271b3ea7b2ca     
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
参考例句:
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏
30 appropriation ON7ys     
n.拨款,批准支出
参考例句:
  • Our government made an appropriation for the project.我们的政府为那个工程拨出一笔款项。
  • The council could note an annual appropriation for this service.议会可以为这项服务表决给他一笔常年经费。
31 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
32 certified fw5zkU     
a.经证明合格的;具有证明文件的
参考例句:
  • Doctors certified him as insane. 医生证明他精神失常。
  • The planes were certified airworthy. 飞机被证明适于航行。
33 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
34 authentication jO5yS     
鉴定,认证
参考例句:
  • Computer security technology includes mainly:Authentication,Encryption,Access Control,Auditing and so on.计算机网络安全技术主要有: 认证授权、数据加密、访问控制、安全审计等。
35 revoked 80b785d265b6419ab99251d8f4340a1d     
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销,取消,废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付,结算可以撤销。 来自辞典例句
  • A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。 来自辞典例句
36 revocation eWZxW     
n.废止,撤回
参考例句:
  • the revocation of planning permission 建筑许可的撤销
  • The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was signed here in 1685. 1685年南特敕令的废除是在这里宣布的。 来自互联网
37 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
38 bankruptcy fPoyJ     
n.破产;无偿付能力
参考例句:
  • You will have to pull in if you want to escape bankruptcy.如果你想避免破产,就必须节省开支。
  • His firm is just on thin ice of bankruptcy.他的商号正面临破产的危险。
39 functionary 1hLx9     
n.官员;公职人员
参考例句:
  • No functionary may support or cover up unfair competition acts.国家官员不得支持、包庇不正当竞争行为。
  • " Emigrant," said the functionary,"I am going to send you on to Paris,under an escort."“ 外逃分子,”那官员说,“我要把你送到巴黎去,还派人护送。”
40 improper b9txi     
adj.不适当的,不合适的,不正确的,不合礼仪的
参考例句:
  • Short trousers are improper at a dance.舞会上穿短裤不成体统。
  • Laughing and joking are improper at a funeral.葬礼时大笑和开玩笑是不合适的。
41 cancellation BxNzQO     
n.删除,取消
参考例句:
  • Heavy seas can cause cancellation of ferry services.海上风浪太大,可能须要取消渡轮服务。
  • Her cancellation of her trip to Paris upset our plan.她取消了巴黎之行打乱了我们的计划。
42 quotations c7bd2cdafc6bfb4ee820fb524009ec5b     
n.引用( quotation的名词复数 );[商业]行情(报告);(货物或股票的)市价;时价
参考例句:
  • The insurance company requires three quotations for repairs to the car. 保险公司要修理这辆汽车的三家修理厂的报价单。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • These quotations cannot readily be traced to their sources. 这些引语很难查出出自何处。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
43 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
44 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
45 annulment edef6e1b65654844b2d42060be4e3581     
n.废除,取消,(法院对婚姻等)判决无效
参考例句:
  • The annulment caused a profound impression in Japan. 同盟的废止,在日本发生了强烈的反响。 来自辞典例句
  • Law An annulment acquittal; dismissal, of a court order. 取消,宣告无罪;法院命令的撤销。 来自互联网
46 investors dffc64354445b947454450e472276b99     
n.投资者,出资者( investor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
  • a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会
47 entrustment 526b37b72a9ef9bd309909b523167da7     
[法]委托
参考例句:
  • The term of entrustment is divided into one-day five-day validity. 委托期限分为当日有效和五日有效。 来自互联网
  • Chapter three discusses the bureaucratic group and the congressional entrustment of legislation. 第三章讨论官僚集团与国会立法权的委托。 来自互联网
48 secrecy NZbxH     
n.秘密,保密,隐蔽
参考例句:
  • All the researchers on the project are sworn to secrecy.该项目的所有研究人员都按要求起誓保守秘密。
  • Complete secrecy surrounded the meeting.会议在绝对机密的环境中进行。
49 conscientious mYmzr     
adj.审慎正直的,认真的,本着良心的
参考例句:
  • He is a conscientious man and knows his job.他很认真负责,也很懂行。
  • He is very conscientious in the performance of his duties.他非常认真地履行职责。
50 curbing 8c36e8e7e184a75aca623e404655efad     
n.边石,边石的材料v.限制,克制,抑制( curb的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Progress has been made in curbing inflation. 在控制通货膨胀方面已取得了进展。
  • A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation. 为了抑制通货膨胀实施了一系列的政策。
51 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
52 stringent gq4yz     
adj.严厉的;令人信服的;银根紧的
参考例句:
  • Financiers are calling for a relaxation of these stringent measures.金融家呼吁对这些严厉的措施予以放宽。
  • Some of the conditions in the contract are too stringent.合同中有几项条件太苛刻。
53 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
54 inventory 04xx7     
n.详细目录,存货清单
参考例句:
  • Some stores inventory their stock once a week.有些商店每周清点存货一次。
  • We will need to call on our supplier to get more inventory.我们必须请供应商送来更多存货。
55 legitimacy q9tzJ     
n.合法,正当
参考例句:
  • The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy.报纸直接质疑政府的合法性。
  • Managing from the top down,we operate with full legitimacy.我们进行由上而下的管理有充分的合法性。
56 inspection y6TxG     
n.检查,审查,检阅
参考例句:
  • On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查,发现肉变质了。
  • The soldiers lined up for their daily inspection by their officers.士兵们列队接受军官的日常检阅。
57 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
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