出版管理条例 REGULATIONS ON PUBLICATION ADMINISTRATION
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国务院令第210号
(Promulgated by Decree No. 210 of the State Council of the People's Republic of China on January 2, 1997)
颁布日期:19970102  实施日期:19970201  颁布单位:国务院

  Chapter I General Provisions

  Article 1 These Regulations are formulated2 in accordance with the Constitution with a view to strengthening the administration of activities of publication, developing the socialist3 publication industry with Chinese characteristics and making it prosperous, safeguarding the rights of citizens to exercise freedom of the press in accordance with law and promoting the building of socialist spiritual civilization and material civilization.

  Article 2 These Regulations shall be applicable to activities of publication within the territory of the People's Republic of China.

  The activities of publication referred to in these Regulations include the publication and printing of publications or the duplication and distribution thereof.

  The publications referred to in these Regulations mean newspapers, periodicals, books, audio-visual products and electronic publications, etc.

  Article 3 The publication industry must persevere4 in the orientation5 of serving the people and socialism, persevere in taking Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as guidance, disseminate6 and accumulate any science, technology, culture and knowledge instrumental to the improvement of the quality of the nation, economic development and all-round progress of the society, develop and make the best possible use of fine national culture, promote international cultural exchanges and enrich and improve people's spiritual life.

  Article 4 Whoever engaging in activities of publication should put social benefit first and realize optimal7 integration8 of social benefit and economic benefit.

  Article 5 People's governments at all levels shall protect the rights of citizens to exercise freedom of the press in accordance with law.

  While exercising rights of freedom of the press, citizens must abide9 by the Constitution and law, must not oppose the basic principles prescribed by the Constitution and must not harm national, societal and collective interests or the lawful10 freedom and rights of other citizens.

  Article 6 The department of publication administration under the State Council shall practise supervision11 over and administration of activities of publication throughout the country. Other departments of administration concerned under the State Council shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities determined12 by the State Council, supervise and administer related activities of publication.

  The division of responsibilities and powers of the departments of administration concerned of the local people's governments at the county level and above in the supervision over and administration of the activities of publication in their respective administrative13 areas shall be determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous14 regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

  Article 7 National societies of the publication industry shall practise self-disciplined management in accordance with their respective constitutions under the guidance of the department of publication administration under the State Council.

  Chapter II Establishment and Management of Publication Units

  Article 8 Newspapers, periodicals, books, audio-visual products and electronic publications etc. shall be published by publication units.

  The publication units referred to in these Regulations include newspaper offices, periodical offices, book publishing houses, audio-visual publishing houses and electronic publications publishing houses etc.

  For legal persons publishing newspapers or periodicals without establishing newspaper offices or periodical offices, the newspaper editorial departments or periodical editorial departments set up by them shall be construed15 as the publication units.

  Article 9 The department of publication administration under the State Council shall formulate1 plans for the total amount, structure and distribution of publication units throughout the country, guide and coordinate16 the development of the publication indusry.

  Article 10 Establishment of a publication unit should have the following qualifications:

  (1) having a name and constitution for the publication unit;

  (2) having a host unit and its necessary higher competent organ in compliance17 with the acknowledgement of the department of publication administration under the State Council;

  (3) having defined business scope;

  (4) having a registered capital of over RMB 300,000 Yuan;

  (5) having a fixed18 workplace;

  (6) having an organization which meets the requirements of its business scope and professional personnel in editing and publication in compliance with the prescribed qualifications of the State.

  In addition to the qualifications listed in the afore-said paragraph, examination of and approval for the establishment of a publication unit should like wise comply with the plans for the total amount, structure and distribution of publication units.

  Article 11 For the establishment of a publication unit, the host unit shall apply to the department of publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government of the locality wherein it is located with a letter of application which shall be submitted to the department of publication administration under the State Council for examination and approval upon the examination, verification and agreement of the department of publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government.

  Article 12 The letter of application for the establishment of a publication unit shall contain the following particulars:

  (1) Name and address of the publication unit;

  (2) Names and addresses of the host unit of the publication unit and its necessary higher competent organ;

  (3) Name and address of the main person-in-charge or the legal representative of the publication unit and certificates of qualifications;

  (4) The source and amount of fund of the publication unit.

  Whoever establishing a newspaper office or periodical office, and newspaper editorial department or periodical editorial department, his or her letter of application shall likewise carry the name, duration of publication, format19 of page or of magazine and location of printing of the newspaper or periodical.

  The letter of application should be appended with the constitution of the publication unit and relevant certification materials of the host unit for the establishment of the publication unit and its necessary higher competent organ.

  Article 13 The department of publication administration under the State Council shall, within 180 days starting from the date of the receipt of the letter of application for the establishment of a publication unit, make a decision on the approval or non-approval of the same and the department of publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government shall inform the host unit in writing; reasons shall be given for non-approval.

  Article 14 The host unit for the establishment of a publication unit shall, within 60 days starting from the date of the receipt of the notification of the decision on the approval of the department of publication administration under the State Council, enter into registration20 at the department of publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in which it is located and obtain a publication permit. Particulars relating to registration shall be worked out by the department of publication administration under the State Council.

  Upon registration, the publication unit shall, on the strength of the publication permit, obtain a business licence from the department of industry and commerce administration in accordance with law.

  Article 15 A newspaper office, periodical office, book publishing house, audio-visual publishing house or electronic publication publishing house should have the qualification of a legal person, obtain the status of a legal person upon approval and registration and undertake independent civil responsibility with its total corporate21 property.

  In accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 3 of Article 8 of these Regulations, newspaper editorial departments or periodical editorial departments construed as publication units do not have the qualification of a legal person and their civil responsibility shall be borne by the host units.

  Article 16 New procedures for examination and approval shall be gone through in accordance with the provisions of Articles 11 and 12 of these Regulations for changes in name, the host unit or its necessary higher competent organ and business scope, amalgamation22 or separation, publication of new newspapers or periodicals or changes in the name of the newspaper or periodical and duration.

  For other changes in addition to those listed in the preceding paragraph, the publication unit shall, upon the examination and approval of the host unit and its necessary higher competent organ, apply to the department of publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in which it is located for registration of changes which shall be submitted by the latter to the department of publication administration under the State Council for the record.

  Article 17 Upon termination of activities of publication by a publication unit, its registration shall be revoked24 by the department of publication administration of the people's government of the province, or autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government in which it is located and the same shall be submitted to the department of publication administration under the State Council for the record.

  Article 18 Failure of a book publishing house, audio-visual publishing house or electronic publication publishing house to engage in activities of publication on expiration25 of 180 days starting from the date of registration and failure of a newspaper office or periodical office to produce the newspaper or periodical on expiration of 90 days starting from the date of registration, the registration organ shall revoke23 the said registration and report the same to the department of publication administration under the State Council for the record.

  For occurrence of circumstances listed in the preceding paragraph due to force majeure and other justifiable26 reasons, the publication unit may apply to the registration organ for extension.

  Article 19 The annual publication plans and major subject(topic) selections involving national security and societal stability of book publishing houses, audio-visual publishing houses and electronic publication publishing houses shall be reported by the departments of publication administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in which they are located to the department of publication administration under the State Council for the record. Specific measures shall be worked out by the department of publication administration under the State Council.

  Article 20 The competent departments of administration of local people's governments at the county level and above prescribed by the department of publication administration under the State Council and the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government shall strengthen routine supervision and administration over the activities of publication by the publication units. The publication units should submit reports in writing on their activities of publication to the departments of publication administration in compliance wit the provisions of the department of publication administration under the State Council.

  Article 21 The publication units are not permitted to sell or transfer in other forms to any unit or individual the names of their respective units, book serial27 numbers, publication numbers or copyright numbers, nor are they permitted to lease the names and publication numbers of their respective units.

  Article 22 Before the circulation of its publication, a publication unit should, in compliance with the relevant provisions of the State, send sample copies free of charge to Beijing Library, China Copy Library and the department of publication administration under the State Council.

  Chapter III Publication of Publications

  Article 23 Any citizen may, in compliance with the provisions of these Regulations, express freely his or her views and wishes on affairs of the State, economic and cultural causes and social affairs in a publication, and freely publish his or her results in scientific research, literary and artistic28 creations and other cultural activities.

  Article 24 The publication units shall practise the editor responsibility system and ensure that the contents carried in the publications are in compliance with the provisions of these Regulations.

  Legitimate29 publications are protected by law. Any organization or individual must not illegally interfere30obstruct31 or disrupt the publication of publications.

  Article 25 No publication shall contain the following contents:

  (1) anything that goes against the basic principles determined by the Constitution;

  (2) anything that endangers the unification, sovereignty and territorial32 integrity of the country;

  (3) anything that endangers state security, reputation and interests;

  (4) anything that instigates33 national separatism, infringes35 on the customs and habits of minority nationalities and disrupt solidarity36 of nationalities;

  (5) anything that discloses state secrets;

  (6) anything that publicizes pornography and superstition37 or plays up violence, endangers social ethics38 and the fine traditions of national culture;

  (7) anything that insults or slanders39 others; and

  (8) any other contents prohibited by the provisions of laws and regulations.

  Article 26 Publications with juveniles40 as targets must not contain contents which induce juveniles to imitate acts against social ethics and illegal criminal acts and must not contain contents of terror and cruelty which impair41 the physical and mental health of juveniles.

  Article 27 For untruth and injustice42 in the contents of a publication resulting in the infringement43 on the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or another organization, its publication unit should openly make corrections, remove the adverse44 effects and bear civil responsibility in accordance with law.

  For untruth and injustice in the contents of the works published in a newspaper or periodical resulting in the infringement on the lawful rights and interests of a citizen, a legal person or another organization, the concerned party has the right to demand a correction or an answer to the questioning, and the publication unit concerned should publish it in its coming issue of the newspaper or periodical; in case of refusal to publish the same, the concerned party may bring a suit to a people's court.

  Article 28 Publications must, in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, carry the names and addresses of the authors, publishers, printers or duplicators and distributes, book numbers, publication numbers or copyright numbers, date of publication, duration and other relevant particulars.

  The specification45, size, format, binding46 and decoration and proof-reading of a publication must comply with the requirements of the State standards and specifications47 to ensure the quality of the publication.

  Article 29 No unit or individual shall publish a publication by forging or imitating the name of a publication unit or the name of a newspaper or periodical.

  Article 30 Textbooks for middle schools and primary schools shall be examined and finalized48 by or examined and finalized in an organized way by the department of education administration under the State Council and the publication, printing and distribution thereof shall be undertaken by the publishing, printing and distribution units designated by the department of publication administration under the State Council or the departments of publication administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

  Chapter IV Printing or Duplication and Distribution of Publications

  Article 31 Units engaging in the business of publication printing or duplication should, in accordance with relevant provisions of the State, apply to the departments of publication administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government in which they are located, and upon being granted permission after examination and verification, enter into registration at the public security organ and the department of industry and commerce administration in accordance with law before they can engage in the printing or duplication of publications.

  No printing of newspapers, periodicals and books and no duplication of audio-visual products and electronic publications shall be undertaken without being granted permission and entering into registration in compliance with law.

  Article 32 Publication units entrusting49 printing or duplicating units in printing or duplicating publications must produce relevant certification in compliance with the provisions of the State for the printing or duplication of publications. No printing or duplicating units shall accept the trust of non-publication units or individuals for the printing of newspapers, periodicals and books or the duplication of audio-visual products and electronic publications. No printing or duplicating units shall engage in the printing and circulation of newspapers, periodicals and books, or the duplication and distribution of audio-visual products and electronic publications without authorization50.

  Article 33 Printing or duplicating units may, upon approval of the departments of publication administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, accept printing and duplicating businesses for external publications; however, all products should be shipped out of the country and no domestic circulation shall be permitted.

  The contents of publications to be printed or duplicated for external trust shall go through the examination and verification of the departments of publication administration of the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Trustors should possess authorization of the copyright owner and register at the department of copyright administration for the record.

  Article 34 The printing or duplicating unit shall, within one year starting from the date of completion of the printing or duplication of the publication, keep one sample copy of the printed or duplicated publication for reference.

  Article 35 Distribution units engaging in general distribution business of newspapers, periodicals and books shall, with the permission granted upon examination and verification by the department of publication administration under the State Council, obtain business licenses52 in accordance with law from the department of industry and commerce administration before they can operate the general distribution business of newspapers, periodicals and books.

  Distribution units engaging in wholesale53 business of newspapers, periodicals and books shall, with the permission granted upon examination and verification by the departments of administration concerned prescribed by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, obtain business licenses in accordance with law from the department of industry and commerce administration before they can operate the wholesale business of newspapers, periodicals and books.

  Distribution of newspapers and periodicals by postal54 enterprises shall be processed in accordance with the provisions of the Postal Law.

  Article 36 Units and individuals engaging in retail55 business of newspapers, periodicals and books shall, with the approval of the departments of administration concerned of the people's governments at the county level prescribed by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, obtain business licenses in accordance with law from the department of industry and commerce administration before they can run the retail business of publications.

  Article 37 A publication unit may distribute its own publications, but shall not distribute the publications published by other publication units.

  Article 38 Printing or duplicating units and distribution units shall not print or duplicate and distribute publications having any of the following circumstances:

  (1) those containing the contents banned under Articles 25 and 26 of these Regulations;

  (2) those which have been illegally imported;

  (3) those with forged or imitated names of publication units or with forged or imitated names of newspapers and periodicals;

  (4) those bearing no names of publication units;

  (5) middle school and primary school textbooks without examination and finalization56 in accordance with law; and

  (6) those which infringe34 on others' copyrights.

  Chapter V Safeguards and Rewards

  Article 39 The State formulates57 relevant policies to safeguard and promote the development and prosperity of the publication industry.

  Article 40 The State supports and encourages the publication of the following major excellent publications:

  (1) those having a major role in dwelling58 on and disseminating59 the fundamental principles determined by the Constitution;

  (2) those which are of significance in conducting education on patriotism60, collectivism and socialism and in developing and making the best possible use of social ethics, professional ethics and family ethics;

  (3) those making great contributions in developing and making the best possible use of fine national culture and in timely reflecting latest achievements in science, technology and culture at home and abroad; and

  (4) those having important ideological61 values, scientific values or cultural and artistic values.

  Article 41 The State safeguards the publication and distribution of textbooks.

  The State supports the publication and distribution of publications in the languages of minority nationalities and publications in braille.

  The State implements62 preferential policies in the distribution of publications in minority nationality regions, frontier regions, economically under-developed regions and rural areas.

  Article 42 For newspapers and periodicals handed over to postal enterprises for distribution, the postal enterprises should ensure their timely, precise and correct distribution.

  Transport enterprises undertaking63 the shipment of publications should facilitate the transport of publications.

  Article 43 The State gives rewards to units and individuals having made important contributions in promoting the development and prosperity of the publication industry.

  Article 44 All people's governments at the county level and above and their relevant departments should take timely measures to stop the illegal acts of interference, obstruction64 and disruption in the publication, printing or duplication of publications.

  Chapter VI Legal Responsibility

  Article 45 Establishment of publication units without approval and authorization or running the business of publication, printing or duplication and distribution of publications without authorization shall be banned, their publications, major special tools and equipment for the illegal activities and illegal income shall be confiscated65, and a fine of more than two times and less than ten times of the illegal income shall be imposed; where an offence constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

  Article 46 Those engaging in business operations of publishing, printing or duplicating and distribution commit any of the following acts, the publications and illegal income shall be confiscated and a fine of more than three times and less than ten times of the illegal income shall be imposed; where the circumstances are serious, a directive for suspension of business operations and consolidation66 shall be issued or license51 revoked; where an offence constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

  (1)publication of publications containing the contents banned under Articles 25 and 26 of these Regulations;

  (2)sale and lease or transfer in other forms of the name of the publication unit, book number(s), publication number(s)and copy numbers to another person while being clearly aware of the fact that he or she is involved in publishing publications containing contents banned under Articles 25 and 26 of these Regulations;

  (3)forgery67 and imitation of names of newspapers and periodicals in the publication of publications containing contents banned under Articles 25 and 26 of these Regulations;

  (4)printing or duplicating and distributing publications while being clearly aware of the fact that they contain contents banned under Articles 25 and 26 of these Regulations; and

  (5)printing or duplicating and distributing external publications while being clearly aware of the fact that they contain contents banned under Articles 25 and 26 of these Regulations.

  Article 47 Those who pirate print and pirate duplicate publications, the publications and illegal income shall be confiscated and a fine of more than three times and less than ten times of the illegal income shall be imposed; where the circumstances are serious, a directive for suspension of business operations and consolidation shall be issued or license revoked; where an offence constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

  Article 48 For sale, lease or transfer in other forms of its name, book number(s), publication number and copy number by a publication unit, the illegal income obtained therefrom shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than two times and less than five times of the illegal income shall be imposed; where the circumstances are serious, a directive for suspension of business operations and consolidation shall be issued or license revoked.

  Article 49 Forgery and imitation of names of publication units or those of newspapers and periodicals in the publication of publications shall be banned, and the publications and illegal income therefrom confiscated, and a fine of more than three times and less than five times of the illegal income shall be imposed; those who infringe on the lawful rights and interests of other publication units shall bear civil responsibility.

  Article 50 Printing or duplicating publications by printing or duplicating units without going through lawful formalities for printing or duplication, distribution by distribution units and individuals of publications without bearing the names of publication units or of middle school and primary school textbooks without examination and finalization according to law, the publications and the illegal income obtained therefrom shall be confiscated, and a fine of less than five times of the illegal income shall be imposed; where the circumstances are serious, a directive for suspension of business operations and consolidation shall be issued or license revoked.

  Article 51 Those who, in violation68 of the provisions of these Regulations, print or duplicate and distribute external publications, the publications and the illegal income obtained therefrom shall be confiscated, and a fine of more than two times and less than five times of the illegal income shall be imposed; where the circumstances are serious, a directive for suspension of business operations and consolidation shall be issued or license revoked.

  Article 52 Administrative penalties for illegal acts prescribed in these Regulations shall follow the provisions of other relevant laws, administrative regulations in respect of organs handling penalties and types and range of penalties; those not prescribed by other relevant laws and administrative regulations shall be decided69 upon by the department of publication administration under the State Council or the relevant administrative departments of the people's governments at the county level and above determined by the people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government. Penalty of revocation70 of licenses shall be decided upon by the original license issuing departments.

  Article 53 The functionaries71 of the relevant departments of publication administration whose abuse of power, negligence72 of duties and practice of graft73 or embezzlement74 constitute a crime, shall be investigated for criminal responsibilities according to law; those whose acts do not constitute a crime shall be given administrative penalties according to law.

  Chapter VII Supplementary75 Provisions

  Article 54 Provisions of administrative regulations concerning the publication, duplication and distribution of audio-visual products shall be applicable.

  Specific control measures for electronic publications shall be worked out by the department of publication administration under the State Council in accordance with the principles of these Regulations.

  Article 55 Specific control measures for the export of domestic publications and the import, printing or duplication and distribution of external publications shall be worked out by the department of publication administration under the State Council in conjunction with the departments concerned under the State Council, and shall come into force upon the approval of the State Council.

  Article 56 The publication units already established in accordance with the relevant provisions of the State before the coming into force of these Regulations shall go through new formalities of examination and approval within the prescribed time period in compliance with the provisions of these Regulations.

  Article 57 These Regulations shall come into force as of February 1, 1997.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
2 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
3 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
参考例句:
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
4 persevere MMCxH     
v.坚持,坚忍,不屈不挠
参考例句:
  • They are determined to persevere in the fight.他们决心坚持战斗。
  • It is strength of character enabled him to persevere.他那坚强的性格使他能够坚持不懈。
5 orientation IJ4xo     
n.方向,目标;熟悉,适应,情况介绍
参考例句:
  • Children need some orientation when they go to school.小孩子上学时需要适应。
  • The traveller found his orientation with the aid of a good map.旅行者借助一幅好地图得知自己的方向。
6 disseminate VtKxS     
v.散布;传播
参考例句:
  • We should disseminate science and promote the scientific spirit.普及科学知识,弘扬科学精神。
  • We sincerely welcome all countries to disseminate their languages in China.我们真诚地欢迎世界各国来华推广本国语言。
7 optimal zmDzhM     
adj.最适宜的;最理想的;最令人满意的
参考例句:
  • What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么?
  • Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。
8 integration G5Pxk     
n.一体化,联合,结合
参考例句:
  • We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
  • This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。
9 abide UfVyk     
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
参考例句:
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
10 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的
参考例句:
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
11 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
12 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
13 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
14 autonomous DPyyv     
adj.自治的;独立的
参考例句:
  • They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。
  • This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。
15 construed b4b2252d3046746b8fae41b0e85dbc78     
v.解释(陈述、行为等)( construe的过去式和过去分词 );翻译,作句法分析
参考例句:
  • He considered how the remark was to be construed. 他考虑这话该如何理解。
  • They construed her silence as meaning that she agreed. 他们把她的沉默解释为表示赞同。 来自《简明英汉词典》
16 coordinate oohzt     
adj.同等的,协调的;n.同等者;vt.协作,协调
参考例句:
  • You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
  • Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。
17 compliance ZXyzX     
n.顺从;服从;附和;屈从
参考例句:
  • I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。
  • She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。
18 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
19 format giJxb     
n.设计,版式;[计算机]格式,DOS命令:格式化(磁盘),用于空盘或使用过的磁盘建立新空盘来存储数据;v.使格式化,设计,安排
参考例句:
  • Please format this floppy disc.请将这张软盘格式化。
  • The format of the figure is very tasteful.该图表的格式很雅致。
20 registration ASKzO     
n.登记,注册,挂号
参考例句:
  • Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。
  • What's your registration number?你挂的是几号?
21 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
22 amalgamation Zz9zAK     
n.合并,重组;;汞齐化
参考例句:
  • We look towards the amalgamation of some of the neighborhood factories.我们指望合并一些里弄工厂。
  • The proposed amalgamation of the two institutes has mow fallen through.这两个研究所打算合并的事现在已经落空了。
23 revoke aWYxX     
v.废除,取消,撤回
参考例句:
  • The university may revoke my diploma.大学可能吊销我的毕业证书。
  • The government revoked her husband's license to operate migrant labor crews.政府撤销了她丈夫管理外来打工人群的许可证。
24 revoked 80b785d265b6419ab99251d8f4340a1d     
adj.[法]取消的v.撤销,取消,废除( revoke的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • It may be revoked if the check is later dishonoured. 以后如支票被拒绝支付,结算可以撤销。 来自辞典例句
  • A will is revoked expressly. 遗嘱可以通过明示推翻。 来自辞典例句
25 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
26 justifiable a3ExP     
adj.有理由的,无可非议的
参考例句:
  • What he has done is hardly justifiable.他的所作所为说不过去。
  • Justifiable defense is the act being exempted from crimes.正当防卫不属于犯罪行为。
27 serial 0zuw2     
n.连本影片,连本电视节目;adj.连续的
参考例句:
  • A new serial is starting on television tonight.今晚电视开播一部新的电视连续剧。
  • Can you account for the serial failures in our experiment?你能解释我们实验屡屡失败的原因吗?
28 artistic IeWyG     
adj.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的;善于艺术创作的
参考例句:
  • The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。
  • These artistic handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends.外国朋友很喜欢这些美术工艺品。
29 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
参考例句:
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
30 interfere b5lx0     
v.(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰
参考例句:
  • If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。
  • When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件,棘手的事情就来了。
31 obstruct sRCzR     
v.阻隔,阻塞(道路、通道等);n.阻碍物,障碍物
参考例句:
  • He became still more dissatisfied with it and secretly did everything in his power to obstruct it.他对此更不满意,尽在暗里使绊子。
  • The fallen trees obstruct the road.倒下的树将路堵住了。
32 territorial LImz4     
adj.领土的,领地的
参考例句:
  • The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
  • They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。
33 instigates 1a109119e90c70c298d17b70f6bf2615     
n.使(某事物)开始或发生,鼓动( instigate的名词复数 )v.使(某事物)开始或发生,鼓动( instigate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He always instigates the boy to do evil. 他总是鼓动那孩子做坏事。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Instigates a collective leave-taking movement which affects the normal operation of the Company. 煽惑或鼓动集体休假而影响本公司正常运作者。 来自互联网
34 infringe 0boz4     
v.违反,触犯,侵害
参考例句:
  • The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。
  • He occasionally infringe the law by parking near a junction.他因偶尔将车停放在交叉口附近而违反规定。
35 infringes b406277a31ea6577ebd748c1e3adf652     
v.违反(规章等)( infringe的第三人称单数 );侵犯(某人的权利);侵害(某人的自由、权益等)
参考例句:
  • Congressmen may be reluctant to vote for legislation that infringes the traditional prerogatives of the states. 美国国会议员可能不情愿投票拥护侵犯各州传统特权的立法。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • I can't say whether CP21 infringes it or not. 我就不能说CP21是否侵犯了SPOT的专利。 来自企业管理英语口语(第二版)(2)
36 solidarity ww9wa     
n.团结;休戚相关
参考例句:
  • They must preserve their solidarity.他们必须维护他们的团结。
  • The solidarity among China's various nationalities is as firm as a rock.中国各族人民之间的团结坚如磐石。
37 superstition VHbzg     
n.迷信,迷信行为
参考例句:
  • It's a common superstition that black cats are unlucky.认为黑猫不吉祥是一种很普遍的迷信。
  • Superstition results from ignorance.迷信产生于无知。
38 ethics Dt3zbI     
n.伦理学;伦理观,道德标准
参考例句:
  • The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。
  • Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。
39 slanders da8fc18a925154c246439ad1330738fc     
诽谤,诋毁( slander的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • We condemn all sorts of slanders. 我们谴责一切诽谤中伤的言论。
  • All slanders and libels should be repudiated. 一切诬蔑不实之词,应予推倒。
40 juveniles 257c9101f917ec8748aa5fc520c6a9e3     
n.青少年( juvenile的名词复数 );扮演少年角色的演员;未成年人
参考例句:
  • Do you think that punishment for violent crimes should be the same for juveniles and adults? 你对暴力犯罪的惩罚对于青少年和成人应一样吗? 来自生活英语口语25天快训
  • Juveniles Should we not exactly in need of such strength and conviction? 少年的我们难道不正是需要这种力量和信念吗? 来自互联网
41 impair Ia4x2     
v.损害,损伤;削弱,减少
参考例句:
  • Loud noise can impair your hearing.巨大的噪音有损听觉。
  • It can not impair the intellectual vigor of the young.这不能磨灭青年人思想活力。
42 injustice O45yL     
n.非正义,不公正,不公平,侵犯(别人的)权利
参考例句:
  • They complained of injustice in the way they had been treated.他们抱怨受到不公平的对待。
  • All his life he has been struggling against injustice.他一生都在与不公正现象作斗争。
43 infringement nbvz3     
n.违反;侵权
参考例句:
  • Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。
  • The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯
44 adverse 5xBzs     
adj.不利的;有害的;敌对的,不友好的
参考例句:
  • He is adverse to going abroad.他反对出国。
  • The improper use of medicine could lead to severe adverse reactions.用药不当会产生严重的不良反应。
45 specification yvwwn     
n.详述;[常pl.]规格,说明书,规范
参考例句:
  • I want to know his specification of details.我想知道他对细节的详述。
  • Examination confirmed that the quality of the products was up to specification.经检查,产品质量合格。
46 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的,有效的,应遵守的
参考例句:
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
47 specifications f3453ce44685398a83b7fe3902d2b90c     
n.规格;载明;详述;(产品等的)说明书;说明书( specification的名词复数 );详细的计划书;载明;详述
参考例句:
  • Our work must answer the specifications laid down. 我们的工作应符合所定的规范。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This sketch does not conform with the specifications. 图文不符。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
48 finalized 73d0ccbca69b94ee4cd7fc367a8ac9fc     
vt.完成(finalize的过去式与过去分词形式)
参考例句:
  • The draft of this article has been finalized [done]. 这篇文章已经定稿。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The draft was revised several times before it was finalized. 稿子几经删改才定下来。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
49 entrusting 1761636a2dc8b6bfaf11cc7207551342     
v.委托,托付( entrust的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • St. Clare had just been entrusting Tom with some money, and various commissions. 圣?克莱亚刚交给汤姆一笔钱,派他去办几件事情。 来自辞典例句
  • The volume of business does not warrant entrusting you with exclusive agency at present. 已完成的营业额还不足以使我方目前委托你方独家代理。 来自外贸英语口语25天快训
50 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
51 license B9TzU     
n.执照,许可证,特许;v.许可,特许
参考例句:
  • The foreign guest has a license on the person.这个外国客人随身携带执照。
  • The driver was arrested for having false license plates on his car.司机由于使用假车牌而被捕。
52 licenses 9d2fccd1fa9364fe38442db17bb0cb15     
n.执照( license的名词复数 )v.批准,许可,颁发执照( license的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • Drivers have ten days' grace to renew their licenses. 驾驶员更换执照有10天的宽限期。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Jewish firms couldn't get import or export licenses or raw materials. 犹太人的企业得不到进出口许可证或原料。 来自辞典例句
53 wholesale Ig9wL     
n.批发;adv.以批发方式;vt.批发,成批出售
参考例句:
  • The retail dealer buys at wholesale and sells at retail.零售商批发购进货物,以零售价卖出。
  • Such shoes usually wholesale for much less.这种鞋批发出售通常要便宜得多。
54 postal EP0xt     
adj.邮政的,邮局的
参考例句:
  • A postal network now covers the whole country.邮路遍及全国。
  • Remember to use postal code.勿忘使用邮政编码。
55 retail VWoxC     
v./n.零售;adv.以零售价格
参考例句:
  • In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
  • These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。
56 finalization f3e884836172a769a69b0fe0c246ce5f     
n.定稿
参考例句:
  • The book can finally be published after revision and finalization. 经过删定,这本书终于可以出版了。 来自互联网
  • Lead supplier pre-selection, selection, price negotiation, contract finalization. 领导供应商预选,筛选,议价及合同的订立。 来自互联网
57 formulates 56e07b52db05562ec75574a8650dbf8d     
v.构想出( formulate的第三人称单数 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • Article Eleven SEPA formulates the overall plans of the training. 第十一条环保总局统筹规划培训工作。 来自互联网
  • This paper carries on the experimental analysis and formulates some anti-disturbance measures. 文章对电磁干扰进行了实验分析,并有针对性地制定一些抗干扰措施。 来自互联网
58 dwelling auzzQk     
n.住宅,住所,寓所
参考例句:
  • Those two men are dwelling with us.那两个人跟我们住在一起。
  • He occupies a three-story dwelling place on the Park Street.他在派克街上有一幢3层楼的寓所。
59 disseminating 0f1e052268849c3fd235d949b9da68ba     
散布,传播( disseminate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Our comrades in propaganda work have the task of disseminating Marxism. 我们作宣传工作的同志有一个宣传马克思主义的任务。
  • Disseminating indecent photographs on the internet a distasteful act. 在因特网上发布不雅照片是卑劣的行径。
60 patriotism 63lzt     
n.爱国精神,爱国心,爱国主义
参考例句:
  • His new book is a demonstration of his patriotism.他写的新书是他的爱国精神的证明。
  • They obtained money under the false pretenses of patriotism.他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。
61 ideological bq3zi8     
a.意识形态的
参考例句:
  • He always tries to link his study with his ideological problems. 他总是把学习和自己的思想问题联系起来。
  • He helped me enormously with advice on how to do ideological work. 他告诉我怎样做思想工作,对我有很大帮助。
62 implements 37371cb8af481bf82a7ea3324d81affc     
n.工具( implement的名词复数 );家具;手段;[法律]履行(契约等)v.实现( implement的第三人称单数 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • Primitive man hunted wild animals with crude stone implements. 原始社会的人用粗糙的石器猎取野兽。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • They ordered quantities of farm implements. 他们订购了大量农具。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
63 undertaking Mfkz7S     
n.保证,许诺,事业
参考例句:
  • He gave her an undertaking that he would pay the money back with in a year.他向她做了一年内还钱的保证。
  • He is too timid to venture upon an undertaking.他太胆小,不敢从事任何事业。
64 obstruction HRrzR     
n.阻塞,堵塞;障碍物
参考例句:
  • She was charged with obstruction of a police officer in the execution of his duty.她被指控妨碍警察执行任务。
  • The road was cleared from obstruction.那条路已被清除了障碍。
65 confiscated b8af45cb6ba964fa52504a6126c35855     
没收,充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。
66 consolidation 4YuyW     
n.合并,巩固
参考例句:
  • The denser population necessitates closer consolidation both for internal and external action. 住得日益稠密的居民,对内和对外都不得不更紧密地团结起来。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
  • The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 国家保障国营经济的巩固和发展。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法
67 forgery TgtzU     
n.伪造的文件等,赝品,伪造(行为)
参考例句:
  • The painting was a forgery.这张画是赝品。
  • He was sent to prison for forgery.他因伪造罪而被关进监狱。
68 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
69 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
70 revocation eWZxW     
n.废止,撤回
参考例句:
  • the revocation of planning permission 建筑许可的撤销
  • The revocation of the Edict of Nantes was signed here in 1685. 1685年南特敕令的废除是在这里宣布的。 来自互联网
71 functionaries 90e939e920ac34596cdd9ccb420b61fe     
n.公职人员,官员( functionary的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The Indian transmitters were court functionaries, not missionaries. 印度文化的传递者都是朝廷的官员而不是传教士。 来自辞典例句
  • All government institutions functionaries must implement state laws, decrees and policies. 所有政府机关极其工作人员都必须认真执行国家的法律,法规和政策。 来自互联网
72 negligence IjQyI     
n.疏忽,玩忽,粗心大意
参考例句:
  • They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。
  • The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。
73 graft XQBzg     
n.移植,嫁接,艰苦工作,贪污;v.移植,嫁接
参考例句:
  • I am having a skin graft on my arm soon.我马上就要接受手臂的皮肤移植手术。
  • The minister became rich through graft.这位部长透过贪污受贿致富。
74 embezzlement RqoxY     
n.盗用,贪污
参考例句:
  • He was accused of graft and embezzlement and was chained and thrown into prison.他因被指控贪污盗窃而锒铛入狱。
  • The judge sent him to prison for embezzlement of funds.法官因他盗用公款将其送入监牢。
75 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
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