司法部令第70号

（Promulgated¹ by the Ministry² of Justice on 13 March 2002 and effective as of 1 April 2002.）

颁布日期：20020313 　实施日期：20020401 　颁布单位：司法部

　　PART ONE　GENERAL PROVISIONS

　　Article 1　These Procedures are formulated³ in accordance with the Administration of Representative Offices of Foreign Law Firms in China Regulations in order to regulate the establishment and legal services of mainland Representative Offices （the Representative Office（s）） of law firms from Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative⁴ Regions （Law Firm（s） from Hong Kong and/or Macao） in China.

　　Article 2　These Regulations are applicable to Representative Offices established by Law Firms from Hong Kong and Macao engaged in legal services.

　　Article 3　Representative Offices and their representatives engaged in the provision of legal services in accordance with these Procedures are protected by the laws of the State.

　　Article 4　In the course of providing legal services， Representative Offices and their representatives shall abide⁵ by the laws， regulations and rules of the State， and shall observe the professional ethics⁶ and practice discipline of lawyers， and shall not do harm to national security or the public interest of the State.

　　Article 5　Law Firms from Hong Kong and Macao shall bear the civil obligations for legal services provided by their Representative Offices and representatives in China.

　　PART TWO　ESTABLISHMENT， CHANGE AND CANCELLATION⁷ OF REPRESENTATIVE OFFICES

　　Article 6　Law Firms from Hong Kong and Macao shall be approved by the judicial⁸ administrative department of the State Council （Ministry of Justice） for setting up Representative Offices and for the dispatch of representatives in China.

　　No Law Firms from Hong Kong and Macao， other institutions or individuals may engage in the provision of legal services in China in the name of a consulting company or under other names.

　　Article 7　If a Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao applies to establish a Representative Office and to dispatch any representative in China， it shall meet the following requirements：

　　1. the law firm has practised law in Hong Kong or Macao Special Administrative Region and has not been disciplined for any violation⁹ of professional ethics or practice disciplines；

　　2. the representatives of the Representative Office must be lawyers and members of the bar associations of Hong Kong or Macao Special Administrative Region， and have practised law outside China for not less than two years and must not have been penalized¹⁰ for criminal offences or for violations¹¹ of professional ethics or practice disciplines. The chief representative must further have practised law outside China for not less than three years and shall also be a partner of the law firm or hold an equivalent position； and

　　3. there shall be an actual need for setting up a Representative Office to provide legal services in China.

　　Article 8　If a Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao wants to establish a Representative Office in China， it shall submit the following documents to the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous¹² region or municipality directly under the central government where the proposed Representative Office is to be established：

　　1. an application letter signed by the person principally in charge of the law firm to set up the Representative Office and to dispatch representatives. The proposed Representative Office shall be named “XX Law Firm （Chinese name） XX （name of Chinese city） Representative Office”；

　　2. documents evidencing that the law firm has been lawfully¹⁴ established in its own Special Administrative Region；

　　3. a partnership¹⁵ agreement or Articles of Association of the law firm and a list of responsible persons and partners；

　　4. authorizations from the law firm to each of the proposed representatives of the Representative Office and the Confirmation¹⁶ Letter indicating that the proposed chief representative is a partner of， or holds an equivalent position in， the law firm；

　　5. documents evidencing the qualifications of the proposed representatives to practise law， and evidencing that the proposed chief representative has practised law outside China for not less than three years and that the other proposed representatives have practised law outside China for not less than two years；

　　6. documents from the bar association in the Special Administrative Region where the law firm is established confirming the membership of each of the proposed representatives； and

　　7. documents from the judicial administrative institution in the Special Administrative Region of the law firm confirming that the law firm and the proposed representative（s） have not been penalized for criminal offences or violations of professional ethics or practice disciplines.

　　The documents listed above shall be notarized by an entrusted¹⁸ notary¹⁹ in Hong Kong or a notary organization in Macao.

　　The law firm shall submit the documents in triplicate and bind²⁰ them into book form separately. If the document is written in a foreign language， the Chinese translation shall be attached.

　　Article 9　The judicial office （bureau） of a province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall， within three months from the receipt of application documents， complete the review and hand over the documents to the Ministry of Justice， together with their review opinions. The Ministry of Justice shall make a decision within six months. Where an application is approved， a practice licence shall be issued to the Representative Office and practising certificates shall be issued to its representatives. Where an application is not approved， reasons shall be given in writing.

　　Article 10　A Representative Office and its representatives shall take its practice licence and practising certificates to undergo the registration²¹ procedures with the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government where the Representative Office is located. A Representative Office cannot provide the legal services set out in these Procedures before the registration formalities are completed. Registration of Representative Offices and their representatives shall be renewed every year.

　　Judicial offices （bureaux） of provinces， autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government shall， within two days from the receipt of the application for registration， complete the formalities of the registration.

　　Article 11　Representative Offices shall undergo the relevant formalities with respect to taxation²²， banking²³， foreign exchange， etc. in accordance with the relevant laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 12　If a Representative Office of a Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao wants to change the name of the office or reduce the number of representatives it shall， prior to making such change， submit an application letter signed by the principal person in charge and the other relevant documents to the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government， which shall be forwarded to the Ministry of Justice for approval. Once approved， the practising certificates of the persons who are no longer representatives of the office shall be withdrawn²⁴.

　　Where a Representative Office is merged²⁵， split or a new representative is appointed， it shall go through the approval procedure in accordance with the stipulations of these Procedures on the procedure to set up a Representative Office.

　　Article 13　Where a representative of a Representative Office is in any of the following circumstances， the Ministry of Justice shall revoke²⁶ his practice permit and withdraw his practising certificate； and the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall cancel his practising registration accordingly：

　　1. his practising qualification provided in Item （5） of Article 8 hereof has become invalid²⁷；

　　2. his representative status is cancelled by the Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao； or

　　3. his practising certificate or practice licence of the Representative Office is suspended according to law.

　　Article 14　Where a Representative Office is in any of the following circumstances， the Ministry of Justice shall revoke its practice permit and withdraw its practising licence； and the relevant judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall cancel its practising registration accordingly：

　　1. the Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao that it belongs to is dissolved or its registration is cancelled；

　　2. the Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao that it belongs to applies to cancel the Representative Office；

　　3. the law firm that it belongs to no longer meets the requirements set out in Article 7 of these Procedures； or

　　4. the practice licence of the law firm that it belongs to is cancelled according to law.

　　A Representative Office that falls within the above conditions shall enter into liquidation²⁸ procedures according to law； and before the procedures are completed， its property shall not be transferred out of China.

　　PART THREE　SCOPE AND RULES OF BUSINESS

　　*Article 15： A Representative Office and its representatives can only engage in the following business activities， excluding Chinese legal affairs：

　　1. to provide clients with consultancy on the legislation of the Hong Kong， Macao Special Administrative Regions and countries outside China where the lawyers of the law firm are permitted to engage in lawyer's professional work， and on international conventions and practices；

　　2. to handle， when entrusted by clients or Chinese law firms， legal affairs of the country/region where the lawyers of the law firm are permitted to engage in lawyer's professional work；

　　3. to entrust¹⁷， on behalf of clients from Hong Kong or Macao Special Administrative Region， Chinese law firms to deal with Chinese legal affairs；

　　4. to enter into contracts to maintain long-term entrustment²⁹ relations with Chinese law firms for legal affairs； and

　　5. to provide information on the impact of the Chinese legal environment.

　　Entrustment allows the representative office to directly instruct lawyers in the entrusted Chinese law firm， as agreed between both parties.

　　Representative Offices and their representatives may， according to the joint³⁰ operation agreement reached by the Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao to which they belong and a Chinese law firm， cooperate with the lawyers of the Chinese law firm in joint cooperation and handle the relevant joint operation business.

　　The Representative Offices and their representatives should neither engage in any legal services other than those set out in （1）， （2） and （3） of this article， nor engage in any other profit-making activities.

　　Article 16　The Representative Offices should not employ lawyers admitted to practise law in China； the support personnel they employ shall not provide any legal service to clients.

　　Article 17　The Representative Offices and their representatives may not：

　　1. produce any false evidence， conceal³¹ any facts or intimidate³² or lure³³ any person by promise of gains to produce any false evidence， or impede³⁴ the other party's lawful¹³ obtaining of evidence；

　　2. take advantage of the opportunity to provide legal services to accept clients' properties or any unlawful benefit； or

　　3. disclose any of its clients' trade secrets or breach³⁵ their privacy.

　　Article 18　The representatives shall not hold representation in two or more than two Representative Offices simultaneously³⁶.

　　*Article 19： Representatives of the Representative Offices shall stay in China for no less than two months within one year. Those who fail to do so will not be permitted to renew their registrations³⁷ in the following year.

　　Where a Representative Office is established in Guangzhou or Shenzhen， the duration of residency of its representatives shall not be restricted by the minimum duration of residency specified³⁸ in the preceding paragraph.

　　Article 20　The Representative Offices may charge their clients for the provision of legal services set out in these Procedures and such fees must be settled within China.

　　PART FOUR　SUPERVISION³⁹ AND ADMINISTRATION

　　Article 21　The Ministry of Justice will be responsible for the supervision and administration of Representative Offices and their representatives.

　　The judicial offices （bureaux） of provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government will be responsible for the supervision and administration of the lawful provision of legal services by Representative Offices and their representatives.

　　Article 22　The Representative Offices shall， by 31 March every year， submit to the relevant judicial offices （bureaux） of provinces， autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government where they are located their practice licences， duplicate copies of the practising certificates of the representatives and the following materials of the previous year for annual inspection⁴⁰：

　　1. circumstances concerning its legal services， including entrustment to Chinese law firms for handling legal affairs；

　　2. its annual financial statements audited⁴¹ by an accounting⁴² firm or auditing⁴³ firm and the settlement receipts and tax payment receipts in China；

　　3. change in representatives and in employment of Chinese support personnel；

　　4. information about the representatives' residence in China；

　　5. circumstances of registration of the Representative Offices and their representatives； and

　　6. other matters regarding the Representative Office's fulfilment of other obligations under these Procedures.

　　After a judicial office （bureau） of a province， an autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government has completed the annual inspection of a Representative Office， it shall prepare an inspection opinion and submit the same to the Ministry of Justice for its record.

　　Article 23　Fees charged by the judicial offices （bureaux） of provinces， autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government according to law for registration of the Representative Offices and the representatives and for annual inspection should be in strict compliance⁴⁴ with the standards applicable to Chinese law firms and practising lawyers set by the department for pricing under the State Council. The fees collected shall all be handed over to the State treasury⁴⁵.

　　The decision to impose penalties and the collection of fines shall be conducted separately in accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations when the judicial offices （bureaux） of provinces， autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the central government imposes fines as an administrative penalty according to law. The fines collected and the illegal income confiscated⁴⁷ according to law shall all be handed over to the State treasury.

　　PART FIVE　LEGAL LIABILITY

　　Article 24　If a Representative Office or its representatives commit any activity endangering State security， public security or disrupting the social order， criminal liability shall be pursued in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law， and the Ministry of Justice shall revoke the practice licence of the Representative Office or revoke the practising certificate（s） of the representative（s）。 If the activities do not meet the standard of criminal punishment， punishment in respect of public security shall be pursued according to the law， and the Ministry of Justice shall also revoke the practice licence of the Representative Office or revoke the practising certificate（s） of the representative（s）。

　　Article 25　If a Representative Office or any of its representatives conduct activities in violation of Article 15 of these Procedures and unlawfully engage in legal services or other profit-making activities， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall impose a suspension of business within a time limit； where the circumstances are serious， the Ministry of Justice shall revoke the practice licence of the Representative Office or revoke the practising certificate（s） of the representative（s）。

　　If a Representative Office or its representative conducts any of the activities set out above， their illegal income shall be confiscated by the relevant office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government； and a fine of not less than Rmb 50，000 and not more than Rmb 200，000 shall be imposed on the chief representative and the other representatives who are directly responsible.

　　Article 26　If a Representative Office is found to be in any of the following circumstances， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall issue a warning， and order the Representative Office to rectify⁴⁸ its action within a certain period； where the circumstances are serious， the office （bureau） shall impose a suspension of business within a time limit； if those circumstances are not rectified⁴⁹ within the period， the Ministry of Justice shall revoke the Representative Office's practice licence：

　　1. hiring any lawyer admitted to practise law in China， or providing legal services with its support personnel；

　　2. not settling fees for the legal services within China； or

　　3. failing to submit the materials for annual inspection on time or failing to pass the annual inspection.

　　If a Representative Office conducts activities set out in Item （2） above， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall impose a fine of not less than one time and not more than three times of the amount of fees that should have been settled within China.

　　Article 27　If a Representative Office or its representatives are in any of the following circumstances， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall issue a warning and confiscate⁴⁶ its illegal income； where the circumstances are serious， the department shall impose a suspension of business within a time limit and a fine of not less than Rmb 20，000 and not more than Rmb 100，000：

　　1. a representative holds representation simultaneously in two or more than two Representative Offices；

　　2. a representative or a Representative Office reveals any trade secret of a party involved or any private affair of an individual involved； or

　　3. a representative or a Representative Office takes advantage of provision of any legal service to obtain any property or other benefits from a client.

　　Article 28　Where a Representative Office is cancelled and its property is transferred out of China before all debts are cleared， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall order the transferred property to be returned for the repayment⁵⁰ of debts. If the interest of a third party is severely⁵¹ impaired⁵² by such property transfer and a crime is constituted， criminal liability of the chief representative or other directly responsible personnel will be pursued according to law. Where the situation is less severe for criminal punishment， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region， or municipality directly under the central government shall impose on the Representative Office a fine of not less than Rmb 50，000 and not more than Rmb 300，000， a fine of not less than Rmb 20，000 and not more than Rmb 100，000 shall be imposed on the chief representative and other directly responsible personnel.

　　Article 29　A representative of a Representative Office who produces false evidence， conceals⁵³ facts or threatens or induces any other person by promise of gains to produce false evidence or conceal facts， will be subject to criminal liability in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law， and the practising certificate of the representative shall be revoked⁵⁴ by the Ministry of Justice.

　　Article 30　Regarding Law Firms from Hong Kong and Macao， lawyers or other institutions or individuals who provide legal services within China without an official permit， or Representative Offices or representatives whose practice permits are revoked but who continue to provide legal services within China， the judicial office （bureau） of the province， autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government shall ban such persons or institutions. All illegal income shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than Rmb 50，000 and not more than Rmb 300，000 will be imposed.

　　Article 31　If the practice licence of a Representative Office is revoked according to law， the Law Firm from Hong Kong or Macao to which it belongs shall not apply for establishment of a Representative Office in China within the following five years. If the practising certificate of the representative of a Representative Office is revoked according to law， he shall not be appointed as a representative in China within the following five years.

　　If a representative of a Representative Office is punished according to law in a crime endangering State security， public security or the social order， the law firm that appointed the representative cannot apply for the establishment of any Representative Office in China. The representative may never again be appointed as a representative of any Representative Office in China.

　　Article 32　Where any personnel of a judicial administrative department commits any of the following illegal acts， the person（s） in charge or other directly responsible personnel will be punished according to law with such administrative penalty as being recorded with a demerit or a serious demerit， or demotion：

　　1. failure to examine or verify the proof of documents in regard to any proposed Representative Office or representative in accordance with these Procedures；

　　2. failure to conduct registration or annual inspection of Representative Office in accordance with these Procedures； or

　　3. failure to collect fees in accordance with the charging items or charging standards stipulated⁵⁵ by the State.

　　Article 33　Where any person of a judicial administrative department commits any of the following illegal acts， the administrative penalty of demotion， dismissal or expulsion shall be imposed on the person（s） in charge who is/are responsible or other directly responsible personnel according to law：

　　1. issuance of a practice licence or practising certificate to a proposed Representative Office or representative that fails to meet the conditions set out in these Procedures；

　　2. taking advantage of their office to accept money or property， or to seek other personal gain；

　　3. failure to revoke or withdraw the practice licence of a Representative Office or practising certificates of representatives that should be revoked or withdrawn in accordance with these Procedures， or failure to cancel the practising registration that should be cancelled；

　　4. failure to issue a receipt or recording⁵⁶ an incorrect amount on the receipt when collecting fines；

　　5. failure to separate the collection and imposition of fines， or failure to hand over all paid fees， collected fines or confiscated illegal income to the State treasury；

　　6. failure to investigate and impose punishment on any Representative Office or its representative who is in violation of these Procedures； or

　　7. other acts that fail to enforce the law strictly⁵⁷ or that constitute abuse of power with serious consequences.

　　Where a person causes great loss to public property or harms State or public interest by committing any of the illegal conduct above and a crime is constituted， his criminal liability shall be pursued according to law.

　　PART SIX　SUPPLEMENTARY⁵⁸ PROVISIONS

　　Article 34　These Procedures will come into effect as of 1 April 2002. Representative Offices and their representatives that have already been approved by the Ministry of Justice and have operated on a trial basis prior to implementation⁵⁹ of these Procedures shall re-apply for examination and approval within 90 days from the date on which these Procedures come into effect.

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