深圳市公用事业特许经营办法
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深圳市人民政府令第124号

颁布日期:20030321  实施日期:20030501  颁布单位:深圳市人民政府

  Article 1 In order to improve the efficiency and quality of public service, protect public interests and the lawful1 rights and interests of franchisees4, promote the development of public services, these measures are hereby formulated6.

  Article 2 In these measures, “management of public utilities under franchise2” means the Municipal Government specially7 authorize8 those enterprises or other institutions which meet requirements, within a certain period of time and a certain area, to manage a certain kind of public service.

  Article 3 The government encourages social funds, overseas capital to establish public utilities and engage in the operation of public service franchise, through the forms of exclusively investment, joint9 venture and cooperation.

  Article 4 The management of public utilities under franchise shall protect public interests from infringement10 in priority. A franchisee3 shall ensure the continuance, safety, high quality, high efficiency, equity11 and reasonable price of the universal service.

  A franchisee may gain reasonable benefits through lawful operation and shall bear corresponding business risks.

  Article 5 The government and franchisees shall establish public participation12 mechanism13 through which encourage the public to supervise the public service.

  Article 6 The supervision14 department of public services (hereinafter referred to as the “Supervision Department”) is in charge of the supervision over management of public service under franchise, while other governmental departments perform supervision functions according to their respective official duties.

  Chapter II Management Right under Franchise

  Article 7 The subject to authorize the management right of public service under franchise shall be the Municipal Government or it′s authorized15 Supervision Department .

  Article 8 The subject of authorization16 may, through invitation to bid, invitation for subscription17 or other manners specified18 by laws, regulations and rules, grant the management right of a certain public service under franchise via issuance of Certification of Management Right of Public Service under Franchise of Shenzhen Municipality (hereinafter referred to as the “certification”) to the qualified19 applicant20. The specific requirements shall be specified by the documents of invitation to bid and the letter of invitation for subscription.

  In the case of applying for management right of public service under franchise, an applicant shall make commitments on such matters as the ownership and disposal of the public utilities, the transfer of stock rights, the relevance21 liabilities in the operation of the public service and other business.

  Article 9 The procedures stipulated22 in the national Law of Invitation to Bid and Bidding shall be applicable in case the management right under franchise being granted through invitation to bid. The specific measures shall be determined23 by the announcement and documents of invitation to bid.

  Article 10 In these measures, invitation for subscription means that after the announcement of the public services to be franchised24, the subject of authorization or its agency invites those applicants25, through prudent26 investigation27 and negotiation28, determining candidates list which will be submitted to the assessment29 commission for preferential negotiation, and then determines the party to be granted the management right under franchise in the end.

  Article 11 The certification shall be recorded the following matters:

  (1) The authorizing30 party and the authorized party;

  (2) The content, region and time limit of the management right under franchise;

  (3) The ownership and disposal of the public utilities;

  (4) The retrieve31 of management right under franchise;

  (5) The obligations and liabilities of the franchisee;

  The obligations and duties of the franchisee as specified in the preceding paragraph shall include:

  (1) abiding32 by laws, regulations and rules;

  (2) standard and requirements for public service;

  (3) maintenance and establishment of public utilities;

  (4) acceptance supervision, temporary take-over or other administration implemented34 by the Supervision Authority according to laws, regulations and rules;

  (5) acceptance supervision by the public;

  (6) making or adjusting price according to laws, regulations and rules;

  (7) other obligations and liabilities.

  Article 12 The certification is the legal basis for a franchisee to carry out business under franchise, whose scope shall not exceed the provisions of the certification.

  Anyone shall not undertake the business of franchise of public service before obtaining the certification.

  Article 13 The government may, according to the characters of different public services, reduce or exempt35 franchise fees.

  Article 14 A franchisee shall be prohibited to dispose the management right under franchise through such means as transfer, lease or pledge.

  Article 15 Any management right under franchise shall be terminated upon expiration36 of the franchise period. In the case of applying for extension of franchise period, a franchisee shall, within the stipulated time limit before the expiration of the management right under franchise, apply for such extension. The franchise period may be extended in case the subject of authorization, through examination, considers the franchisee meet the requirements for extension. However the extension of franchise period shall not exceed two times.

  The time limit as specified in the preceding paragraph shall be determined by the annex37 of these measures.

  Article 16 In case a franchisee falls into the following circumstances, the subject of authorization shall retrieve the management right under franchise:

  (1) Disposing management right under franchise through the means such as transfer, lease or pledge;

  (2) Failing to meet the requirements for being granted management right under franchise due to transfer of corporate38 stock right;

  (3) Falling short of standards and requirements for providing public products or public services, which seriously affects public interests;

  (4) Causing major safety accident due to mismanagement, which seriously affects public interests;

  (5) Financial position deteriorating39 seriously due to mismanagement, which endangers public services;

  (6) Failing to invest or establish public utilities according to city planning and rejecting to make correction after being ordered to make correction within time limit by the Supervision Authority;

  (7) Suspending of shutting up the business without authorization;

  (8) Breaking commitments made when it was applying for the management right under franchise;

  (9) Other circumstances as stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 17 The decision of retrieve of management right under franchise shall be noticed to the franchisee in writing by the subject of authorization. The franchisee may bring forward a written plea or demand a hearing within 30 working days upon receiving the aforesaid written notice. The subject of authorization shall organize a hearing in case the franchisee demands it.

  Article 18 In case the public service is unable to be carried out due to force majeure event during the period of franchise, after being approved by the subject of authorization of the application which motivated by the franchisee, the management right under franchise may be terminated ahead of schedule……

  Article 19 The original franchisee shall, after the management right under franchise being retrieved40 or terminated, hand over the essential assets and files for keeping the operation of the franchised business within the time limit set by the subject of authorization, to the unit designated by the subject of authorization.

  Article 20 After the management right under franchise being retrieved or terminated, the government shall pay reasonable compensation for the part of the net value of the fixed41 assets which invested by the original franchisee to maintain the normal operation of the business under franchise.

  Where the management right under franchise is retrieved according to Article 16 of these measures, the original franchisee shall pay compensation for the expense payout by the government for re-granting management right under franchise and handing over operation.

  Article 21 After the management right under franchise being retrieved or terminated ,and before the completion of taking over by a designated unit, the franchisee shall perform the duty of guard with goodwill42 and keep the normal operation.

  Chapter III Public Utilities

  Article 22 The government, who is the owner of the public utilities invested by it, may deliver those utilities to a franchisee through the means such as lease, etc……

  A franchisee shall build new public utilities according to city planning. After the management right under franchise being retrieved or terminated, such utilities shall be handed over to the government according to its commitment. However the government shall pay reasonable compensation for the investor43 in case it is required by these measures or a prior agreement.

  Article 23 A franchisee shall allow other operators to connect its public utilities according to planning. The rules on price administration shall be applicable to determine the fees result from the connection.

  Article 24 In case it is necessary to access to some sections or buildings for establishing or maintaining public utilities, the franchisee shall consult with the owner, while the owner and relevant personnel shall make things convenient for the franchisee.

  Article 25 The maintenance of public utilities shall abide44 by relevant rules on administration of road and virescence, while the setting of a site or stop and alteration45 of a pipe or route shall be subordinated to the general plan of the Municipal Planning Authority. In case it is necessary to make rush repairs, the franchisee may make the urgent repairs, notify relevant authority simultaneously46, and handle relevant procedures after the event.

  Article 26 A franchisee shall overhaul47 and maintain the situation and performance of the public utilities periodically and report the performance situation to the Supervision Authority on schedule.

  Article 27 A franchisee shall collect, classify, settle and pigeonhole48 such materials as drawings, etc. of all of the public utilities, improve the information administration system of the public utilities and connect to the governmental net.

  Article 28 The government may requisition the public utilities for public interest. A franchisee shall offer cooperation while the government shall pay reasonable compensation for the investor.

  Chapter IV Price

  Article 29 The Price Authority of the Municipal Government together with the Supervision Authority shall take charge in the fixing or adjustment of price for public service.

  Article 30 The principles for fixing prices of public service shall include: compensatory cost, payable49 tax according to law, reasonable gains, saving resource, promoting development and bearing capability50 of the society.

  Article 31 The price of public service is composed of costs, taxation51 and profits.

  The cost is the average cost of the society, includes all producing cost and course expenditures52 which shall be reckoned in the price.

  The benefit is the reasonable income of a franchisee. Based on the characters of different business, the benefit shall be appraised54 and decided55 according to the yield of net assets or net-worth of fixed assets respectively.

  Article 32 The cost shall be appraised and decided by the following measures:

  (1) The purchasing price of raw and processed materials, adjective materials and fixed assets, shall be appraised and decided according to the regulated price in the case of governmental pricing; while in the case of market-oriented pricing, the purchasing price shall be appraised and decided according to average market price at the time of purchasing, where the purchasing price is lower than the average market price, purchasing price shall depend on the actual purchasing price.

  (2) Expenditures of wage, sale and management, which are subject to proportion control of amount, shall be appraised and decided according to the total amount of those expenditures in proportion to the amount of the total costs of the same trade or similar enterprises in the recent three years with a reference to the social average level of the municipality.

  (3) The depreciated57 fixed assets shall be the assets relevant to the provision of products or services of public service, but those public utilities owned by the government are precluded58. Those fixed assets left unused for more than 9 months shall not be allowed to depreciate56, until after resuming to be used for more than 3 months may be allowed to depreciate. The period of depreciation59 shall be determined by the Financial Authority, Price Authority, relevant Supervision Authority and franchisees according to the rule of reason.

  Article 33 The Price Authority shall establish periodical price auditing60 system and database of costs information to form effective cost restriction61 mechanism. For the purpose of ensuring the authenticity62 and veracity63 of the cost for price, the making or altering of cost for price shall be audited64 by a competent auditing institution if it is necessary.

  Article 34 In the presence of the Supervision Authority, the Price Authority shall specifically determine the means of appraisal65 and decision of yield of different trade, which shall be recorded in the annex of these measures. The scheme of the yield shall be brought forward by the aforesaid authorities according to the factors such as the average margin66 of the society, banking67 interest rate and price index, and then submitted to the Municipal Government for confirmation68.

  The Price Authority in the presence of the Supervision Authority shall check the yield each year and adjust it when necessary.

  Article 35 The procedures for fixing and adjusting prices of public service shall be as the follows:

  (1) The franchisees, the public service supervisory committee, the consumer organization, the trade association or the Supervision Authority may file a written application to the Price Authority for fixing or adjusting prices, while the Price Authority who has the right of fixing price or other relevant authority may bring forward scheme for fixing and adjusting prices according to relevant price rules and then the Price Authority shall organize a testimonial session.

  (2) The Price Authority shall initially69 examine and verify the integrality of the application materials upon receiving a written application, and in case there are some materials absent, the Price Authority shall demand the applicant to submit other necessary material within time limit. In case the application meets the requirements for a hearing, the Price Authority shall make decision on organizing a hearing within 15 days upon accepting the application and harmonize with relevant authority for the prophase work for the hearing;

  (3) The Price Authority shall hold the hearing within 3 months upon making the decision on organizing of the hearing and service the letter of appointment and materials for the hearing to the representatives of the hearing. The hearing shall be held with the presence of more than two third of the aforesaid representatives;

  (4) In the presence of the Supervision Authority, the Price Authority shall fully70 consider the opinions brought forward by the hearing when studying out a price scheme, which shall be submitted for examination according to their respective purview71. The summary, notes and materials of the hearing shall be simultaneously submitted when submitting for examination;

  (5) The price scheme, after being approved, shall be announced to the public and operators through the governmental website and other medias and shall be organized for implementation72.

  Article 36 For the purpose of insuring relatively73 stabilization74 of public service price, reserve fund for price adjustment, which will be special used to regulate and control the public service price and profit, may be set up according to characters of different public services. Such specific measures shall be formulated separately.

  Article 37 A franchisee shall carry out the rules on price supervision and price standard regulated by the government.

  Chapter V Supervision

  Article 38 The supervision authority shall perform the following functions to implement33 the supervision over the franchisees:

  (1) taking charge in the organization of invitation to bid and invitation for subscription for management right under franchise of public service;

  (2) formulating75 evaluation76 standard for quality of products and services;

  (3) supervising franchisees to perform legal obligations;

  (4) accepting the complaint against franchisees brought by the public;

  (5) investigating and prosecuting77 illegal acts of franchisees;

  (6) bringing forward opinions and advices and supervising on the five-year-business-plan and annual business plan of franchisees;

  (7) supervising and examining the quality of products and services provided by franchisees;

  (8) assisting the Price Authority to fix and adjust price, appraise53 and decided, supervise and control over costs and expenditures;

  (9) examining the annual report of franchisees;

  (10) submitting the annual supervision report on franchisees to the Municipal Government;

  (11) temporary taking over public services in emergency;

  (12) other obligations as stipulated by laws, regulations and rules.

  A franchisee shall submit its five-year-business-plan, annual business plan, annual report, matters on alteration of such chief officials as directorate and management group, and decision of directorate to the Supervision Authority for record or examination at the time stipulated by the annex of these measures or other agreement.

  Article 39 The Supervision Authority shall implement the following supervisions over franchisees:

  (1) whether the quality of products or services are up to the mustard;

  (2) whether it has achieved the degree of satisfaction which regulated by the trade association;

  (3) whether the annual and 5-year business strategy and investment project have been submitted for record and implemented;

  (4) whether its business and financial situation are well off;

  (5) whether its commitment has been fulfilled;

  (6) whether it has carried out the price rules;

  (7) whether the alteration of such chief officials as directorate and management group, and decision of directorate have been submitted for recording78

  (8) other matters as specified by laws, regulations and rules.

  Article 40 A public service supervisory committee shall be set up to take charge in collection opinion of the public and franchisees, bring forward advice on legislation and supervision and represent the public to carry out supervision over public service franchise.

  Chapter VI Legal Liabilities

  Article 41 In violation79 of Article 23, Article 26 and Article 27 of these measures, a franchisee shall be ordered to make correction within time limit and be imposed a fine of no less than RMB 50,000 but no more than RMB 500,000 by the Supervision Authority.

  In violation of Article 12, Article 14, Article 19, Article 21 and Paragraph 2 of Article 22, a franchisee shall be ordered to make correction within time limit and be imposed a fine of no less than RMB 500,000 but no more than RMB 1,000,000 by the Supervision Authority.

  In violation of Article 37 of these measures, a franchisee shall be punished by the Price Authority.

  Article 42 A franchisee may apply for an administrative80 review or file an administrative litigation in case it refuses to comply with the decision of punishment made by the Supervision Authority.

  Article 43 In case the staffs of the Supervision Authority misuse81 of their authority, commit irregularities for favoritism, neglect duties, ask for bribes82 and take bribes, they shall be given administrative sanction according to law, and shall be prosecuted83 for criminal liability in case it constitutes a crime.

  Chapter VII Supplementary84 Provisions

  Article 44 The subject of authorization may directly grant the certification for the enterprise or institution who has acquired a management right under franchise on public service. However the commitment as stipulated in the Paragraph 2 of Article 8 of these measures shall not be exempted85.

  Article 45 The annex of these measures includes specific rules on franchise of public service. The annex may be promulgated86 with these measures or separately.

  The supervision authority may formulate5 specific administrative rules according to these measures and their annex, or conclude an agreement on other matters.

  Article 46 These measures shall take effect as of May 1, 2003.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的,守法的,合法的
参考例句:
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
2 franchise BQnzu     
n.特许,特权,专营权,特许权
参考例句:
  • Catering in the schools is run on a franchise basis.学校餐饮服务以特许权经营。
  • The United States granted the franchise to women in 1920.美国于1920年给妇女以参政权。
3 franchisee pQIzt     
n.特许经营人
参考例句:
  • Two groups discussing what qualities a Franchisee should have.两个小组在讨论被特许人需要具备什麽品质。
  • Information on prices and conditions of the products,services and equipment provide for the franchisee.向被特许人提供产品、服务、设备的价格条件等情况。
4 franchisees 959b8624b4f03bce92b46a2f770f268b     
n.特许经营人( franchisee的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Works on these franchisees' facilities were moving ahead rapidly. 这些专营设施的工程正迅速推展。 来自互联网
  • Another good source of information about a franchise is other franchisees. 另一个了解特许经营的可靠信息源是其他经营者。 来自互联网
5 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
6 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
7 specially Hviwq     
adv.特定地;特殊地;明确地
参考例句:
  • They are specially packaged so that they stack easily.它们经过特别包装以便于堆放。
  • The machine was designed specially for demolishing old buildings.这种机器是专为拆毁旧楼房而设计的。
8 authorize CO1yV     
v.授权,委任;批准,认可
参考例句:
  • He said that he needed to get his supervisor to authorize my refund.他说必须让主管人员批准我的退款。
  • Only the President could authorize the use of the atomic bomb.只有总统才能授权使用原子弹。
9 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的,共同的;n.关节,接合处;v.连接,贴合
参考例句:
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤,肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
10 infringement nbvz3     
n.违反;侵权
参考例句:
  • Infringement of this regulation would automatically rule you out of the championship.违背这一规则会被自动取消参加锦标赛的资格。
  • The committee ruled that the US ban constituted an infringement of free trade.委员会裁定美国的禁令对自由贸易构成了侵犯
11 equity ji8zp     
n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票
参考例句:
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值,墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
12 participation KS9zu     
n.参与,参加,分享
参考例句:
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
13 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
14 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
15 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的,许可的
参考例句:
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
16 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
17 subscription qH8zt     
n.预订,预订费,亲笔签名,调配法,下标(处方)
参考例句:
  • We paid a subscription of 5 pounds yearly.我们按年度缴纳5英镑的订阅费。
  • Subscription selling bloomed splendidly.订阅销售量激增。
18 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
19 qualified DCPyj     
adj.合格的,有资格的,胜任的,有限制的
参考例句:
  • He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
  • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
20 applicant 1MlyX     
n.申请人,求职者,请求者
参考例句:
  • He was the hundredth applicant for the job. 他是第100个申请这项工作的人。
  • In my estimation, the applicant is well qualified for this job. 据我看, 这位应征者完全具备这项工作的条件。
21 relevance gVAxg     
n.中肯,适当,关联,相关性
参考例句:
  • Politicians' private lives have no relevance to their public roles.政治家的私生活与他们的公众角色不相关。
  • Her ideas have lost all relevance to the modern world.她的想法与现代社会完全脱节。
22 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
23 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
24 franchised df18790f09e29d34fd9869be26d66d6a     
v.给…以特许权,出售特许权( franchise的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He is starting the first school himself,but subsequent ones will be franchised to use the Fujita method. 他已经自己开办了第一所学校,但是以后的学校将被特许使用富士达方法。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Driving tests for franchised bus are held on request by bus companies. 专营巴士的驾驶考试只在巴士公司要求下才举行。 来自互联网
25 applicants aaea8e805a118b90e86f7044ecfb6d59     
申请人,求职人( applicant的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
  • He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。
26 prudent M0Yzg     
adj.谨慎的,有远见的,精打细算的
参考例句:
  • A prudent traveller never disparages his own country.聪明的旅行者从不贬低自己的国家。
  • You must school yourself to be modest and prudent.你要学会谦虚谨慎。
27 investigation MRKzq     
n.调查,调查研究
参考例句:
  • In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
  • He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。
28 negotiation FGWxc     
n.谈判,协商
参考例句:
  • They closed the deal in sugar after a week of negotiation.经过一星期的谈判,他们的食糖生意成交了。
  • The negotiation dragged on until July.谈判一直拖到7月份。
29 assessment vO7yu     
n.评价;评估;对财产的估价,被估定的金额
参考例句:
  • This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。
  • What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何?
30 authorizing d3373e44345179a7862c7a797d2bc127     
授权,批准,委托( authorize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Letters of Marque: Take letters from a warning friendly power authorizing privateering. 私掠许可证:从某一个国家获得合法抢劫的证书。
  • Formal phavee completion does not include authorizing the subsequent phavee. 阶段的正式完成不包括核准随后的阶段。
31 retrieve ZsYyp     
vt.重新得到,收回;挽回,补救;检索
参考例句:
  • He was determined to retrieve his honor.他决心恢复名誉。
  • The men were trying to retrieve weapons left when the army abandoned the island.士兵们正试图找回军队从该岛撤退时留下的武器。
32 abiding uzMzxC     
adj.永久的,持久的,不变的
参考例句:
  • He had an abiding love of the English countryside.他永远热爱英国的乡村。
  • He has a genuine and abiding love of the craft.他对这门手艺有着真挚持久的热爱。
33 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
34 implemented a0211e5272f6fc75ac06e2d62558aff0     
v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 );执行;贯彻;使生效
参考例句:
  • This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革,经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句
35 exempt wmgxo     
adj.免除的;v.使免除;n.免税者,被免除义务者
参考例句:
  • These goods are exempt from customs duties.这些货物免征关税。
  • He is exempt from punishment about this thing.关于此事对他已免于处分。
36 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结,期满,呼气,呼出物
参考例句:
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满,即行终止。
37 annex HwzzC     
vt.兼并,吞并;n.附属建筑物
参考例句:
  • It plans to annex an England company in order to enlarge the market.它计划兼并一家英国公司以扩大市场。
  • The annex has been built on to the main building.主楼配建有附属的建筑物。
38 corporate 7olzl     
adj.共同的,全体的;公司的,企业的
参考例句:
  • This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
  • His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。
39 deteriorating 78fb3515d7abc3a0539b443be0081fb1     
恶化,变坏( deteriorate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The weather conditions are deteriorating. 天气变得越来越糟。
  • I was well aware of the bad morale and the deteriorating factories. 我很清楚,大家情绪低落,各个工厂越搞越坏。
40 retrieved 1f81ff822b0877397035890c32e35843     
v.取回( retrieve的过去式和过去分词 );恢复;寻回;检索(储存的信息)
参考例句:
  • Yesterday I retrieved the bag I left in the train. 昨天我取回了遗留在火车上的包。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He reached over and retrieved his jacket from the back seat. 他伸手从后座上取回了自己的夹克。 来自辞典例句
41 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
42 goodwill 4fuxm     
n.善意,亲善,信誉,声誉
参考例句:
  • His heart is full of goodwill to all men.他心里对所有人都充满着爱心。
  • We paid £10,000 for the shop,and £2000 for its goodwill.我们用一万英镑买下了这家商店,两千英镑买下了它的信誉。
43 investor aq4zNm     
n.投资者,投资人
参考例句:
  • My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
  • The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
44 abide UfVyk     
vi.遵守;坚持;vt.忍受
参考例句:
  • You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。
  • If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部,你就得遵守它的规章。
45 alteration rxPzO     
n.变更,改变;蚀变
参考例句:
  • The shirt needs alteration.这件衬衣需要改一改。
  • He easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance.他立刻看出我的脸色和往常有些不同。
46 simultaneously 4iBz1o     
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
参考例句:
  • The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
47 overhaul yKGxy     
v./n.大修,仔细检查
参考例句:
  • Master Worker Wang is responsible for the overhaul of this grinder.王师傅主修这台磨床。
  • It is generally appreciated that the rail network needs a complete overhaul.众所周知,铁路系统需要大检修。
48 pigeonhole tlczdr     
n.鸽舍出入口;v.把...归类
参考例句:
  • The pigeonhole principle is an important principle in combinatorics.鸽巢原理是组合学中一个非常重要的原理。
  • I don't want to be pigeonholed as a kids' presenter.我不想被归类为儿童节目主持人。
49 payable EmdzUR     
adj.可付的,应付的,有利益的
参考例句:
  • This check is payable on demand.这是一张见票即付的支票。
  • No tax is payable on these earnings.这些收入不须交税。
50 capability JsGzZ     
n.能力;才能;(pl)可发展的能力或特性等
参考例句:
  • She has the capability to become a very fine actress.她有潜力成为杰出演员。
  • Organizing a whole department is beyond his capability.组织整个部门是他能力以外的事。
51 taxation tqVwP     
n.征税,税收,税金
参考例句:
  • He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
52 expenditures 2af585403f5a51eeaa8f7b29110cc2ab     
n.花费( expenditure的名词复数 );使用;(尤指金钱的)支出额;(精力、时间、材料等的)耗费
参考例句:
  • We have overspent.We'll have to let up our expenditures next month. 我们已经超支了,下个月一定得节约开支。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The pension includes an allowance of fifty pounds for traffic expenditures. 年金中包括50镑交通费补贴。 来自《简明英汉词典》
53 appraise JvLzt     
v.估价,评价,鉴定
参考例句:
  • An expert came to appraise the value of my antiques.一位专家来对我的古玩作了估价。
  • It is very high that people appraise to his thesis.人们对他的论文评价很高。
54 appraised 4753e1eab3b5ffb6d1b577ff890499b9     
v.估价( appraise的过去式和过去分词 );估计;估量;评价
参考例句:
  • The teacher appraised the pupil's drawing. 老师评价了那个学生的画。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He appraised the necklace at £1000. 据他估计,项链价值1000英镑。 来自《简明英汉词典》
55 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
56 depreciate Pmpz0     
v.降价,贬值,折旧
参考例句:
  • The computer value will depreciate by $ 500 in the first year.在头一年里这台电脑会贬值500美元。
  • If you neglect this property,it will depreciate.如果你忽视这份资产,它无形中就贬值了。
57 depreciated 053c238029b04d162051791be7db5dc4     
v.贬值,跌价,减价( depreciate的过去式和过去分词 );贬低,蔑视,轻视
参考例句:
  • Fixed assets are fully depreciated. 折旧足额。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Shares in the company have depreciated. 该公司的股票已经贬值。 来自辞典例句
58 precluded 84f6ba3bf290d49387f7cf6189bc2f80     
v.阻止( preclude的过去式和过去分词 );排除;妨碍;使…行不通
参考例句:
  • Abdication is precluded by the lack of a possible successor. 因为没有可能的继承人,让位无法实现。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The bad weather precluded me from attending the meeting. 恶劣的天气使我不能出席会议。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
59 depreciation YuTzql     
n.价值低落,贬值,蔑视,贬低
参考例句:
  • She can't bear the depreciation of the enemy.她受不了敌人的蹂躏。
  • They wrote off 500 for depreciation of machinery.他们注销了500镑作为机器折旧费。
60 auditing JyVzib     
n.审计,查账,决算
参考例句:
  • Auditing standards are the rules governing how an audit is performed.收支检查标准是规则统治一个稽核如何被运行。
  • The auditing services market is dominated by a few large accounting firms.审计服务市场被几家大型会计公司独占了。
61 restriction jW8x0     
n.限制,约束
参考例句:
  • The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
  • The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
62 authenticity quyzq     
n.真实性
参考例句:
  • There has been some debate over the authenticity of his will. 对于他的遗嘱的真实性一直有争论。
  • The museum is seeking an expert opinion on the authenticity of the painting. 博物馆在请专家鉴定那幅画的真伪。
63 veracity AHwyC     
n.诚实
参考例句:
  • I can testify to this man's veracity and good character.我可以作证,此人诚实可靠品德良好。
  • There is no reason to doubt the veracity of the evidence.没有理由怀疑证据的真实性。
64 audited 046f25df2e99a79dbb3462bbbfa35bf2     
v.审计,查账( audit的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The accounts have to be audited by a firm of external auditors. 这些账目必须由一家外聘审计员的公司来稽查。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • E. g. few if any charities collection publishes audited accounts. 例如很少义款收集有公布经过查核的帐目。 来自互联网
65 appraisal hvFzt     
n.对…作出的评价;评价,鉴定,评估
参考例句:
  • What's your appraisal of the situation?你对局势是如何评估的?
  • We need to make a proper appraisal of his work.对于他的工作我们需要做出适当的评价。
66 margin 67Mzp     
n.页边空白;差额;余地,余裕;边,边缘
参考例句:
  • We allowed a margin of 20 minutes in catching the train.我们有20分钟的余地赶火车。
  • The village is situated at the margin of a forest.村子位于森林的边缘。
67 banking aySz20     
n.银行业,银行学,金融业
参考例句:
  • John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
  • He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。
68 confirmation ZYMya     
n.证实,确认,批准
参考例句:
  • We are waiting for confirmation of the news.我们正在等待证实那个消息。
  • We need confirmation in writing before we can send your order out.给你们发送订购的货物之前,我们需要书面确认。
69 initially 273xZ     
adv.最初,开始
参考例句:
  • The ban was initially opposed by the US.这一禁令首先遭到美国的反对。
  • Feathers initially developed from insect scales.羽毛最初由昆虫的翅瓣演化而来。
70 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地,全部地,彻底地;充分地
参考例句:
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气,然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
71 purview HC7yr     
n.范围;眼界
参考例句:
  • These are questions that lie outside the purview of our inquiry.这些都不是属于我们调查范围的问题。
  • That,however,was beyond the purview of the court;it was a diplomatic matter.但是,那已不在法庭权限之内;那是个外交问题。
72 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
73 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
74 Stabilization d25ce94d7d536526af8bf72d72ebfb5f     
稳定化
参考例句:
  • The position of barycentre on plane directly impacts the stabilization and manipulation of plane. 飞机重心位置直接影响飞机的稳定和操纵特性。
  • With the higher olefins, stabilization of the energetic intermediates occurs more easily. 在较高的烯烃情况下,高能的中间物稳定作用更易出现。
75 formulating 40080ab94db46e5c26ccf0e5aa91868a     
v.构想出( formulate的现在分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • At present, the Chinese government is formulating nationwide regulations on the control of such chemicals. 目前,中国政府正在制定全国性的易制毒化学品管理条例。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • Because of this, the U.S. has taken further steps in formulating the \"Magellan\" programme. 为此,美国又进一步制定了“麦哲伦”计划。 来自百科语句
76 evaluation onFxd     
n.估价,评价;赋值
参考例句:
  • I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
  • The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。
77 prosecuting 3d2c14252239cad225a3c016e56a6675     
检举、告发某人( prosecute的现在分词 ); 对某人提起公诉; 继续从事(某事物); 担任控方律师
参考例句:
  • The witness was cross-examined by the prosecuting counsel. 证人接受控方律师的盘问。
  • Every point made by the prosecuting attorney was telling. 检查官提出的每一点都是有力的。
78 recording UktzJj     
n.录音,记录
参考例句:
  • How long will the recording of the song take?录下这首歌得花多少时间?
  • I want to play you a recording of the rehearsal.我想给你放一下彩排的录像。
79 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
80 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
81 misuse XEfxx     
n.误用,滥用;vt.误用,滥用
参考例句:
  • It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能,使我深感不安。
  • He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。
82 bribes f3132f875c572eefabf4271b3ea7b2ca     
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
参考例句:
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏
83 prosecuted Wk5zqY     
a.被起诉的
参考例句:
  • The editors are being prosecuted for obscenity. 编辑因刊载污秽文字而被起诉。
  • The company was prosecuted for breaching the Health and Safety Act. 这家公司被控违反《卫生安全条例》。
84 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的,附加的
参考例句:
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了,我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
85 exempted b7063b5d39ab0e555afef044f21944ea     
使免除[豁免]( exempt的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • His bad eyesight exempted him from military service. 他因视力不好而免服兵役。
  • Her illness exempted her from the examination. 她因病而免试。
86 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
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