期货经纪公司治理准则(试行)
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-06-20 02:59 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
 

颁布日期:20040315  实施日期:20040315  颁布单位:中国证券监督管理委员会

  Every futures1 brokerage company:

  For the purpose of moving forward the futures brokerage company to further improve administration for company, while promoting it to operate in a safe, steady and highly efficient way, preserving legal rights and interests of shareholders3, futures investors7 and other persons with related interests, the said rules were formulated9 and promulgated10 by the commission, shall be followed and applied11.

  China securities regulatory commission

  March 10, 2004

  Administrative12 rules of futures Brokerage Company (for trial implement13

  Chapter 1 General provisions

  Article 1 for the purpose of advancing futures brokerage company to further improve the administration of company, establishing and improving modern enterprise system, promoting futures brokerage company to operate in a normative, steady way according to law, preserve the interests of investor6 and the public, further standardize14 the development of futures market, the rules are formulated in accordance with company Law of the People's Republic of China, the interim15 administration provisions for futures trade and related provisions of other law and regulations.

  Article 2 for the purpose of the rules, the term “company administration” refers to the organization structure that takes the board of shareholders, board of directors, board of supervisors17 (or supervisor16), and manager levels as main body, as well the system arrange that ensure effected operation and mutual18 check and balance of the inner organs, and related decision-making, motivation and restraint system.

  Article 3 the futures brokerage company shall, while improving the company administration, observe the following basic principles:

  (1) To strengthen check-balance system. The futures brokerage company shall further improve the consultation19 system and decision-making procedure of the board of shareholders, board of directors, board of supervisors (or supervisor), and manager levels, make it more definite, detailed20 and workable, and ensure that the above- mentioned organs could fulfill21 respectful function and duty completely

  (2) To augment22 the risk control with the futures brokerage business. The futures brokerage company shall, on the basis of following the basic request of law of company, revolve23 around the futures brokerage business, make it reasonable to define clearly the function and powers of the board of shareholders, board of directors, board of supervisors (or supervisor), and manager levels, improve inner administration system, to strengthen capacity of the company on inner control and risk prevention.

  (3) To preserve all shareholders with equal status and rights, emphasize the credit duty of shareholders. The futures brokerage company shall ensure legitimate24 rights and interests of non-holding shareholders in system, emphasize the credit duty of all shareholders, restrain the holding shareholders to damage the interests of the futures brokerage company and other shareholders; and

  (4) To improve the motivation and restraint system. The futures Brokerage Company shall establish more reasonable motivation and restraint system, create the company culture with normative business operation and positive progress, promote the futures brokerage company to operate in a highly efficient and steady way.

  Article 4 the futures brokerage company established in accordance with law within the territory of china shall be governed by this rule. The futures Brokerage Company shall, in accordance with the request of this rules, revise the constitution of company, improve the establishment of inner organs in company, formulate8, revise and practice related administration system, further improve the administrative levels for company.

  Chapter 2 shareholder2 and board of shareholders

  Article 5 the futures brokerage company shall, in order to avoid excessive centralization and dispersal of share rights, establish balanced shares structure relatively25 and the structure of ultimate holder4 with rights and interests.

  The shareholder of the futures brokerage company conform to the qualification prescribed by china security regulatory commission and get ratification26 from china security regulatory commission and its agency according to regulations; the futures brokerage company shall be encouraged to introduce, upon assignment of share rights and increase of capital, the shareholders who have good finances, operate normative business and administration, possess fine credit and are capable of support the company to make normative development.

  Article 6 the constitution and rules of discussion of he futures Brokerage Company shall ensure that the shareholders and board of shareholders possess the rights and duty, which are granted by the company law.

  Article 7 all shareholders of the futures brokerage company shall be treated as equality. The legal status and rights of middle and minor27 shareholders shall be valued and protected. No major shareholders take advantage of the special status to damage the legitimate rights and interests of company and other shareholders

  Article 8 the futures brokerage company may stipulate28 in company constitution that some important matters shall make decisions from the board of shareholders and be passed by shareholders representing two-thirds or more of the voting rights. For instance, in the case of related trade in excess of definite trade amount, foreign investment or purchase in excess of definite trade amount, etc. No such shareholders as relate with the discussed matters shall participate in discussion.

  Article 9 the shareholder shall share the knowing-information rights and participation29 rights for the important matters of company. The board of shareholders shall list the supervisory and administrative suggestion, notice on regulation and reform and penalized30 measures for the company prescribed by china security regulatory commission as matters for announcement. The regime of regulation and reform for the board of directors and manager levels shall be included in the scope of examination and discussion.

  Article 10 the constitution of futures Brokerage Company shall stipulated31 that the shareholder, who possesses by himself or merger32 10 percent of the voting rights, shall be entitled to propose the matters for examination and discussion to the board of shareholders. The board of shareholders shall make examination, discussion and votes for the proposed matters.

  Article 11 credit duty for the company and other shareholders shall rests with the shareholder, and the shareholder shall fulfils the duty of making investment strictly33. No futures brokerage company shall provide the shareholder's investment with guaranty and funs circulation directly of indirectly34; no shareholders shall occupy and transfer the assets of the company in any form, the shareholders, especially holding shareholders and its related party, shall not damage the legitimate rights and interests of the company, other shareholders and futures investors upon the form of related trade and assets reorganization.

  Article 12 the futures brokerage company shall not, while provide the shareholders and the related party with futures brokerage service, relax the request on risk control and report related information on providing service at the fixed35 term to the board of shareholder, board of directors and board of supervisors (or supervisor)。

  Article 13 the administration structure of futures Brokerage Company shall ensure the company's independence. The shareholders and ultimate holder with rights and interests shall not make any approval formalities for election decision of the board of shareholders on personnel matters and engagement decision of the board of directors on personnel matters; the said persons shall not overstep the board of shareholders and the board of directors directly to appoint and relieve the senior administrative personnel of the futures brokerage company of the post, or directly intervene such business and administration matters as trade, settlement, risk control, finance and account, administration for security money and branches administration, etc. there is not subordinate relation between the mentioned above functional36 departments of the futures brokerage company and the shareholders, the ultimate holders5 with rights and interests, as well its subordinate functional departments. The persons in charge of the mentioned above functional departments shall not hold concurrent37 office at the shareholder's units.

  Article 14 the futures brokerage company shall strictly make assets and finance independent of the shareholders. The security money paid by the futures investor shall be administrated close in accordance with the request of china security supervisory commission.

  Article 15 the shareholders shall be liable for offer the shares structure and related information of the ultimate holders with rights and interests in accordance with the request of china security supervisory commission.

  Article 16 if the shareholder is under the following circumstances, it shall inform the board of directors of the futures brokerage company timely:

  (1) Where the shares rights form the futures brokerage company are subject to compulsory38 implementation39 or litigation preservation40 measures

  (2) Where the shareholders pledge the shares rights form the futures brokerage company

  (3) Where the shareholders prepare assignment of the shares rights form the futures brokerage company

  (4) Where the merger, separation or making major assets and liabilities reorganization arise

  (5) Where the shareholders enter into liquidation41 procedure or be taken over; and

  (6) Other circumstances possibly lead to transfer of the shares rights and the shareholder's rights from the futures brokerage company.

  The futures brokerage company shall report the related information to the agency of china security supervisory commission at company's domicile within the three working days form the date of knowing the mentioned above information.

  Article 17 where the shareholder and director have relations with the existent or planned contract, trade and arrangement of the futures brokerage company directly or indirectly, in any case, whether relate matters need approving by the board of shareholders and board of directors, the shareholder and director shall inform the nature and degree of relations revolved42 to the board of directors and board of supervisors (or supervisor)。

  Article 18 the board of directors shall, in accordance with the rules of discussion, organize and arrange the meeting of shareholders scientifically and reasonably, and ensure that the shareholders possess enough time to participate in discussion, making proposal and decisions. The original record and minutes of meeting shall be integrated and authentic43, and shall be reserved properly by the board of directors.

  Article 19 these matters, if the major decision-making is unable to be made by virtue44 of default by the board of directors or the board of shareholders is unable to be convened46, the shareholder holding definite proportion of shares by himself or merger be entitled to convene45 the general meeting of shareholders, shall be defined in the constitution of the futures brokerage company.

  Chapter 3 the director and the board of directors

  Article 20 the board of the futures brokerage company shall seriously perform the functions and powers of the board of directors prescribed by company law. Except the matters, the functions and powers performed by the board of directors shall be prescribed in the constitution of the futures brokerage company:

  (1) To review and decide on administration system for cover cost drafted by the manager levels, to ensure that administration for cover cost of the futures brokerage company shall conform to various requests of the close administration for cover cost from china security supervisory commission;

  (2) To review and decide on whether performing the plan on related business innovation, ensure validity of business innovation activities and establishment of risk prevention system; and

  (3) To review and decide on the risk control system of the futures brokerage company.

  Article 21 where the board of directors authorizes47 the chairman of board to exercise the part powers of the board of directors, the authorization48 principle and authorization content from the board of directors shall also be specified49 clearly in company constitution. All these matters involving the major interests of the company shall be submitted to the board of directors or the board of shareholders for examination and decision-making. For the purpose of control the decision-making risk of the company effectively, the board of directors shall also specify50 such matters as the authorization scope and limit for the manager levels.

  Article 22 the public and fair procedure for election and engagement of the director shall be designated in the company constitution. The members of board of directors shall possess the essential knowledge, skill and qualification for performing the duties, as well participate in positively51 related trains. The director shall ensure enough time and energy to perform his due duties.

  Article 23 the meeting of board of directors shall be held once every year at least and shall produce the meeting record. The board of directors shall formulate normative and specified rules of discussion. The meeting of board of directors shall produce integrated and authentic meeting record, and the attending directors shall sign on it. The original record and meeting minutes shall be reserved properly.

  Article 24 where the decision-making of the board of directors violates the law, regulations and provisions of the company constitution, which results in the loss of the company, the directors who participate in making decision shall be investigated. While, upon making proof, the directors who state the objection in vote and voted against the decision, which have been recorded in the meeting record, shall not be included.

  Article 25 the board of directors may establish under it such institution as the specialty52 commission, etc, and formulate specified working rules and working duties, so as to provide the board of directors with reference suggestion in making decision, ensure functions of the board of directors being brought into full play. The related institutions of board of directors may engage intermediary institution to assist in work performance, the relate charges shall be paid by the company.

  The futures brokerage company shall be encouraged to establish such major institutions engaging in special consultation and supervision53 as audit54, risk control institution, etc, intensify55 risk supervision for business operation and making decision of the company and urge the company to operate business in a legal and steady way.

  Article 26 the futures brokerage company shall be encouraged to establish the independent director system. The independent director of futures Brokerage Company shall concentrate on and protect the interests of middle-minor shareholders and futures investors.

  Article 27 where the futures brokerage company is under one of the following circumstances, the independent director system shall be established:

  (1) Where the registered capital is more than 50,000,000 Yuan (50,000,000 Yuan included);

  (2) Where a single shareholder or the ultimate holder with rights and interests hold 50 percent of the shares directly or indirectly from the futures brokerage company;

  (3) Where a single person assume office as the chairman director and general manager simultaneously56

  (4) Where the financial institution invest shares directly or indirectly; and

  (5) Other circumstances the china security supervisory commission prescribe

  Article 28 such relations as influence the independent judgment57 shall exist between the independent director and the futures brokerage company, principal shareholders, as well the ultimate holders with rights and interests, the following personnel shall be assumed office as the independent director:

  (1) Where such personnel as hold the office in the futures brokerage company or its subordinate company, and directly-related relatives and main relatives and friends the said personnel is included;

  (2) Where such personnel as hold the office in the units that hold more that 5 percent of shares rights from the futures brokerage company directly or indirectly, or the shareholders units that rank the top 5 of amount of the shares in the futures brokerage company, the directly-related relatives of the said personnel is included;

  (3) Where such personnel as serve the futures brokerage company with service on finance, law and consultation;

  (4) Where such personnel as is under the mentioned above circumstances in a recent year;

  (5) Where other personnel specified by the company constitution; and

  (6) Where other personnel designated by china security supervisory commission.

  Article 29 the shareholder, the board of directors and board of supervisors (or supervisor) of the futures brokerage company may propose the candidate for the independent director, and which shall be decided58 upon a vote by the board of shareholders. The one that nominate for the independent director shall be made by the consent of the nominee59 before nomination60. The tenure61 of the independent director is identical with other directors.

  Article 30 the futures brokerage company shall, within 10 days after the date of decision on election for the independent director being made by the board of shareholders, report the information on the election and appointment for the independent director to china security supervisory commission. Where the independent director lay down the office or is removed from office in his tenure of office, the independent director in person and the futures Brokerage Company shall propose the explanation in writing to the board of shareholders and its agency of china security supervisory commission and the board of shareholders.

  Article 31 except the functions and powers of the director granted by company law and other law and regulations, the independent director exercise the following functions and powers prescribed in the constitution of the futures brokerage company:

  (1) To propose for convening62 the board of director;

  (2) To submit to the board of directors or the board of supervisors (or supervisor) to convene the interim meeting of shareholders

  (3) To propose that the board of directors shall conduct an audit while leaving his post for the administrative staff of company who is suspected of violating law and regulations; to submit to the board of shareholders to conduct a audit for the director and supervisor who is suspected of violating the law and regulations.

  (4) To express the objective and fair independent opinion as far as the following matters prescribed by the futures brokerage company;

  1. The investment, conducting finance and business operation activities other than the futures brokerage business;

  2. The amount of major related transaction is more than 1,000,000 Yuan;

  3. The information on risk control and the price paid by virtue of providing the shareholders and related party with service by the futures brokerage company;

  4. The business innovation activities of the futures brokerage company;

  5. The distribution scheme of profit;

  6. The appointment and dismissal of manage levels members;

  7. The matters that cause probably the heavy losses of the futures Brokerage Company;

  8. The matters that damage probably the rights and interests of middle-minor shareholders;

  9. The matters that damage probably the rights and interests of the futures investors;

  10. The plan on salaries and motivation of the director, supervisor and manager levels member; and

  11. Other circumstances designated by the company constitution.

  The suggestions expressed by the independent directors shall be clearly stated in the meeting record. Where the above mentioned proposals or independent opinions of the independent director shall be accepted by the futures brokerage company, the independent director shall report detailed information on related independent opinions to the agency of china security supervisory commission on the domicile of company for record.

  Article 32 the standard of salary and allowances of the independent director shall be prescribed by the board of directors, then examined and approved by the board of shareholders.

  Article 33 the futures brokerage company that established the independent director system shall reasonably stipulates63 related system on the independent director in the constitution, which contains the nomination, election procedure, functions and powers and allowances of the independent director, to guarantee that the independent director can play a proper role.

  Chapter 4 the supervisors and board of supervisors

  Article 34 the futures brokerage company shall establish the board of supervisors and supervisor in accordance with the request by company law. The board of supervisors and supervisor exercise carefully the functions and powers prescribed by company law, examine finance of the company, and exercise supervision for the offence against the law and regulations of the directors and managers. Besides this, the board of supervisors or board of supervisors shall also exercise emphasized supervision for the futures brokerage company on the legitimacy64 of administration for security money and business innovation activities.

  Article 35 the public and fair procedure for election and engagement of the supervisor and the complete rules of discussion of the board shall be designated in the company constitution. The meeting of board of supervisors shall be held once every year at least and shall produce the meeting record. The original record, meeting minutes and the specialized65 report and suggestion documents submitted by the supervisors shall be reserved properly

  Article 36 the futures brokerage company shall stipulate clearly in the constitution the limit of numbers and scale of the supervisors elected by the holding shareholders, in the case that the numbers of directors elected by the holding shareholders are more than definite proportion of the members of board of directors,

  Article 37 the supervisors shall possess some specialized knowledge and working experience on finance, audit, law and financial affairs, etc. with a view to fulfill effectively the duty, the board of supervisors or the supervisors may employ or engage temporarily related specialized personnel to assist in work performance, the charges for engagement shall be paid by the futures brokerage company.

  Article 38 the futures brokerage company shall ensure that the board of supervisors and supervisors know information on the business operation of the company. The supervisor may be present at meetings of the board of directors and office meetings of managers to be informed of the course of major decision-making and ensure the timeliness, fullness and convenience on getting information.

  Before no major decision-making is published, the supervisor shall be responsible for keeping the information acquired confidential66.

  Article 39 where the board of supervisors or supervisor observes the director, general manager and other senior administrative personnel in violation67 against the rules, it shall request the said personnel to correct immediately the offence and report to the agency of china security supervisory commission at company's domicile.

  Article 40 where the supervisor is informed of the director and manager levels of the company in violation against the company constitution and other information on damaging the interests of the company, shareholder and the investor, if without fulfilling the duty, the responsibility shall rest with the supervisor correspondingly.

  Chapter 5 the manager levels

  Article 41 For the term “the manager levels” of the provisions, it shall consist of the general manager and vice-general manager whose qualification for holding office shall be examined and approved by china security supervisory commission.

  Article 42 the manager levels shall fulfill carefully the duty prescribed by company law.

  Article 43 the members of the manager levels shall observe the principle of good faith, and shall, in accordance with the law and regulations, exercise carefully and conscientiously68 the functions and powers within the limit of powers; the said personnel shall not seek such commercial opportunity as belong to the future brokerage company and hold concurrent post in other economic organizations.

  Article 44 the manager levels devote themselves to their duty conscientiously, upon the basis of business operation in accordance with the law and regulations, as well no damage to social interests, pursue continuously the maximal interests of the futures brokerage company and seek great investment gains for the shareholders.

  Article 45 the business operation and administration activities conducted by the manager levels, within the limit of powers, in accordance with the law, shall be intervened. The futures brokerage company shall defined the information in the company constitution that the manager levels is entitled to resist the board of shareholders and board of directors (shareholder or director) in violation against administration system on security money and risk control system, as well the request of withdrawing the registered capital, and shall report related information to he agency of china security supervisory commission at company's domicile.

  Article 46 the reasonable functions shall be established between the members of manager levels, the members of manager levels in charge of the market development and transaction business shall be put in charge of such businesses as settlement-making or risk control business concurrently69.

  Article 47 the manager levels shall report such information as the operating performance, material contract, financial position, safety position of security money, risk position, operating prospects70 and business innovation of the futures brokerage company to the board of directors, the board of supervisors or the supervisor in the fixed time

  Article 48 the manager levels shall be subject to the supervision form the board of supervisors or the supervisor, and shall not obstruct71 and prevent the supervisor from checking and auditing72 in accordance with the functions and powers.

  Article 49 the manager levels shall establish and improve various meetings system. The manager levels shall make meetings record in holding meetings, the meetings record shall be submitted to the board of supervisors or the supervisor in the fixed time.

  Article 50 the futures brokerage company stipulates clearly the emergency measures when the emergency circumstances result in no members of manager levels can fulfill the duty in the company constitution maintain the steady operation of the futures brokerage company.

  Chapter 6 the performance evaluation73 and system of motivation and restraint

  Article 51 the futures brokerage company shall establish the motivation system that salaries relate with company benefit and personal performance.

  Article 52 the futures brokerage company shall establish the fair and public standard and procedure of performance evaluation for the director, supervisor and the members of manager levels.

  Article 53 the form of evaluation, salaries and motivation for manager levels members shall be prescribed by the board of directors or subordinate salaries commission. The board of directors shall take the performance evaluation for the manager levels members as the basis on which the salaries and motivation for the manager levels members shall be arranged. The results and standards of performance evaluation shall be reported to the board of shareholders. No directors, supervisors and manager levels members shall participate in the decision course in which the salaries and performance evaluation of the said personnel shall be decided.

  Article 54 where the directors, supervisors and manager levels members violate the law, regulations, rules and constitution of the futures brokerage company, and cause the losses to the futures brokerage company, the shareholders and futures investors and bear the direct responsibility, the said personnel shall be investigated.

  Article 55 the interpretation74: the terms “the related party and related transaction”-disclosure of relation and transaction of the related party in this provisions refers to the related party and related transaction defined in the Accounting75 Criteria76 for Enterprises by ministry77 of finance.

  Article 56 China Security Supervisory Commission shall be in charge of interpreting the provisions.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 futures Isdz1Q     
n.期货,期货交易
参考例句:
  • He continued his operations in cotton futures.他继续进行棉花期货交易。
  • Cotton futures are selling at high prices.棉花期货交易的卖价是很高的。
2 shareholder VzPwU     
n.股东,股票持有人
参考例句:
  • The account department have prepare a financial statement for the shareholder.财务部为股东准备了一份财务报表。
  • A shareholder may transfer his shares in accordance with the law.股东持有的股份可以依法转让。
3 shareholders 7d3b0484233cf39bc3f4e3ebf97e69fe     
n.股东( shareholder的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The meeting was attended by 90% of shareholders. 90%的股东出席了会议。
  • the company's fiduciary duty to its shareholders 公司对股东负有的受托责任
4 holder wc4xq     
n.持有者,占有者;(台,架等)支持物
参考例句:
  • The holder of the office of chairman is reponsible for arranging meetings.担任主席职位的人负责安排会议。
  • That runner is the holder of the world record for the hundred-yard dash.那位运动员是一百码赛跑世界纪录的保持者。
5 holders 79c0e3bbb1170e3018817c5f45ebf33f     
支持物( holder的名词复数 ); 持有者; (支票等)持有人; 支托(或握持)…之物
参考例句:
  • Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders. 奴隶受奴隶主的残酷压迫。
  • It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. 正是对怜悯的作用有了认识,才使得死刑的提倡者指控主张废除死刑的人感情用事,同情谋杀犯胜过同情受害者。
6 investor aq4zNm     
n.投资者,投资人
参考例句:
  • My nephew is a cautious investor.我侄子是个小心谨慎的投资者。
  • The investor believes that his investment will pay off handsomely soon.这个投资者相信他的投资不久会有相当大的收益。
7 investors dffc64354445b947454450e472276b99     
n.投资者,出资者( investor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
  • a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会
8 formulate L66yt     
v.用公式表示;规划;设计;系统地阐述
参考例句:
  • He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌,清楚地做了回答。
  • I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。
9 formulated cfc86c2c7185ae3f93c4d8a44e3cea3c     
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 );规划;确切地阐述;用公式表示
参考例句:
  • He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
10 promulgated a4e9ce715ee72e022795b8072a6e618f     
v.宣扬(某事物)( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 );传播;公布;颁布(法令、新法律等)
参考例句:
  • Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达30余项。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
  • The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。 来自辞典例句
11 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的;v.应用,适用
参考例句:
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
12 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的,管理的
参考例句:
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
13 implement WcdzG     
n.(pl.)工具,器具;vt.实行,实施,执行
参考例句:
  • Don't undertake a project unless you can implement it.不要承担一项计划,除非你能完成这项计划。
  • The best implement for digging a garden is a spade.在花园里挖土的最好工具是铁锹。
14 standardize UuMwl     
v.使符合标准,使标准化
参考例句:
  • We will extend and standardize legal services and provide effective legal aid.拓展和规范法律服务,积极开展法律援助。
  • There is a drive both to standardise components and to reduce the number of models on offer.正在为实现零部件标准化和减少推出的型号数量而努力。
15 interim z5wxB     
adj.暂时的,临时的;n.间歇,过渡期间
参考例句:
  • The government is taking interim measures to help those in immediate need.政府正在采取临时措施帮助那些有立即需要的人。
  • It may turn out to be an interim technology.这可能只是个过渡技术。
16 supervisor RrZwv     
n.监督人,管理人,检查员,督学,主管,导师
参考例句:
  • Between you and me I think that new supervisor is a twit.我们私下说,我认为新来的主管人是一个傻瓜。
  • He said I was too flighty to be a good supervisor.他说我太轻浮不能成为一名好的管理员。
17 supervisors 80530f394132f10fbf245e5fb15e2667     
n.监督者,管理者( supervisor的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • I think the best technical people make the best supervisors. 我认为最好的技术人员可以成为最好的管理人员。 来自辞典例句
  • Even the foremen or first-level supervisors have a staffing responsibility. 甚至领班或第一线的监督人员也有任用的责任。 来自辞典例句
18 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的,彼此的;共同的,共有的
参考例句:
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。
19 consultation VZAyq     
n.咨询;商量;商议;会议
参考例句:
  • The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
  • The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。
20 detailed xuNzms     
adj.详细的,详尽的,极注意细节的,完全的
参考例句:
  • He had made a detailed study of the terrain.他对地形作了缜密的研究。
  • A detailed list of our publications is available on request.我们的出版物有一份详细的目录备索。
21 fulfill Qhbxg     
vt.履行,实现,完成;满足,使满意
参考例句:
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
22 augment Uuozw     
vt.(使)增大,增加,增长,扩张
参考例句:
  • They hit upon another idea to augment their income.他们又想出一个增加收入的办法。
  • The government's first concern was to augment the army and auxiliary forces.政府首先关心的是增强军队和辅助的力量。
23 revolve NBBzX     
vi.(使)旋转;循环出现
参考例句:
  • The planets revolve around the sun.行星绕着太阳运转。
  • The wheels began to revolve slowly.车轮开始慢慢转动。
24 legitimate L9ZzJ     
adj.合法的,合理的,合乎逻辑的;v.使合法
参考例句:
  • Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。
  • That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。
25 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
26 ratification fTUx0     
n.批准,认可
参考例句:
  • The treaty is awaiting ratification.条约正等待批准。
  • The treaty is subject to ratification.此条约经批准后才能生效。
27 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
参考例句:
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
28 stipulate shhyP     
vt.规定,(作为条件)讲定,保证
参考例句:
  • International rules stipulate the number of foreign entrants.国际规则规定了外国参赛者的人数。
  • Some manufacturers stipulate the price at which their goods are to be sold.有些制造商规定出售他们生产的商品的价格。
29 participation KS9zu     
n.参与,参加,分享
参考例句:
  • Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
  • The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。
30 penalized c88c37e7a177d0a347c36794aa587e91     
对…予以惩罚( penalize的过去式和过去分词 ); 使处于不利地位
参考例句:
  • You will be penalized for poor spelling. 你拼写不好将会受到处罚。
  • Team members will be penalized for lateness. 队员迟到要受处罚。
31 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
32 merger vCJxG     
n.企业合并,并吞
参考例句:
  • Acceptance of the offer is the first step to a merger.对这项提议的赞同是合并的第一步。
  • Shareholders will be voting on the merger of the companies.股东们将投票表决公司合并问题。
33 strictly GtNwe     
adv.严厉地,严格地;严密地
参考例句:
  • His doctor is dieting him strictly.他的医生严格规定他的饮食。
  • The guests were seated strictly in order of precedence.客人严格按照地位高低就座。
34 indirectly a8UxR     
adv.间接地,不直接了当地
参考例句:
  • I heard the news indirectly.这消息我是间接听来的。
  • They were approached indirectly through an intermediary.通过一位中间人,他们进行了间接接触。
35 fixed JsKzzj     
adj.固定的,不变的,准备好的;(计算机)固定的
参考例句:
  • Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗?
  • Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定,我们就不应该随意改变。
36 functional 5hMxa     
adj.为实用而设计的,具备功能的,起作用的
参考例句:
  • The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了,但现在可以用了。
  • The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的,只是为了实用。
37 concurrent YncyG     
adj.同时发生的,一致的
参考例句:
  • You can't attend two concurrent events!你不能同时参加两项活动!
  • The twins had concurrent birthday. 双胞胎生日在同一天。
38 compulsory 5pVzu     
n.强制的,必修的;规定的,义务的
参考例句:
  • Is English a compulsory subject?英语是必修课吗?
  • Compulsory schooling ends at sixteen.义务教育至16岁为止。
39 implementation 2awxV     
n.实施,贯彻
参考例句:
  • Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。
40 preservation glnzYU     
n.保护,维护,保存,保留,保持
参考例句:
  • The police are responsible for the preservation of law and order.警察负责维持法律与秩序。
  • The picture is in an excellent state of preservation.这幅画保存得极为完好。
41 liquidation E0bxf     
n.清算,停止营业
参考例句:
  • The bankrupt company went into liquidation.这家破产公司停业清盘。
  • He lost all he possessed when his company was put into liquidation.当公司被清算结业时他失去了拥有的一切。
42 revolved b63ebb9b9e407e169395c5fc58399fe6     
v.(使)旋转( revolve的过去式和过去分词 );细想
参考例句:
  • The fan revolved slowly. 电扇缓慢地转动着。
  • The wheel revolved on its centre. 轮子绕中心转动。 来自《简明英汉词典》
43 authentic ZuZzs     
a.真的,真正的;可靠的,可信的,有根据的
参考例句:
  • This is an authentic news report. We can depend on it. 这是篇可靠的新闻报道, 我们相信它。
  • Autumn is also the authentic season of renewal. 秋天才是真正的除旧布新的季节。
44 virtue BpqyH     
n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力
参考例句:
  • He was considered to be a paragon of virtue.他被认为是品德尽善尽美的典范。
  • You need to decorate your mind with virtue.你应该用德行美化心灵。
45 convene QpSzZ     
v.集合,召集,召唤,聚集,集合
参考例句:
  • The Diet will convene at 3p.m. tomorrow.国会将于明天下午三点钟开会。
  • Senior officials convened in October 1991 in London.1991年10月,高级官员在伦敦会齐。
46 convened fbc66e55ebdef2d409f2794046df6cf1     
召开( convene的过去式 ); 召集; (为正式会议而)聚集; 集合
参考例句:
  • The chairman convened the committee to put the issue to a vote. 主席召集委员们开会对这个问题进行表决。
  • The governor convened his troops to put down the revolt. 总督召集他的部队去镇压叛乱。
47 authorizes 716083de28a1fe3e0ba0233e695bce8c     
授权,批准,委托( authorize的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings 'traveler' and 'traveller'. 字典裁定traveler和traveller两种拼法都对。
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings "honor" and "honour.". 字典裁定 honor 及 honour 两种拼法均可。
48 authorization wOxyV     
n.授权,委任状
参考例句:
  • Anglers are required to obtain prior authorization from the park keeper.垂钓者必须事先得到公园管理者的许可。
  • You cannot take a day off without authorization.未经批准你不得休假。
49 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句:
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
50 specify evTwm     
vt.指定,详细说明
参考例句:
  • We should specify a time and a place for the meeting.我们应指定会议的时间和地点。
  • Please specify what you will do.请你详述一下你将做什么。
51 positively vPTxw     
adv.明确地,断然,坚决地;实在,确实
参考例句:
  • She was positively glowing with happiness.她满脸幸福。
  • The weather was positively poisonous.这天气着实讨厌。
52 specialty SrGy7     
n.(speciality)特性,特质;专业,专长
参考例句:
  • Shell carvings are a specialty of the town.贝雕是该城的特产。
  • His specialty is English literature.他的专业是英国文学。
53 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
54 audit wuGzw     
v.审计;查帐;核对;旁听
参考例句:
  • Each year they audit our accounts and certify them as being true and fair.他们每年对我们进行账务审核,以确保其真实无误。
  • As usual,the yearly audit will take place in December.跟往常一样,年度审计将在十二月份进行。
55 intensify S5Pxe     
vt.加强;变强;加剧
参考例句:
  • We must intensify our educational work among our own troops.我们必须加强自己部队的教育工作。
  • They were ordered to intensify their patrols to protect our air space.他们奉命加强巡逻,保卫我国的领空。
56 simultaneously 4iBz1o     
adv.同时发生地,同时进行地
参考例句:
  • The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
  • The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。
57 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判;判断力,识别力,看法,意见
参考例句:
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
58 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
59 nominee FHLxv     
n.被提名者;被任命者;被推荐者
参考例句:
  • His nominee for vice president was elected only after a second ballot.他提名的副总统在两轮投票后才当选。
  • Mr.Francisco is standing as the official nominee for the post of District Secretary.弗朗西斯科先生是行政书记职位的正式提名人。
60 nomination BHMxw     
n.提名,任命,提名权
参考例句:
  • John is favourite to get the nomination for club president.约翰最有希望被提名为俱乐部主席。
  • Few people pronounced for his nomination.很少人表示赞成他的提名。
61 tenure Uqjy2     
n.终身职位;任期;(土地)保有权,保有期
参考例句:
  • He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。
  • Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。
62 convening 4d413e01efbc28ab0312f400ad5ce18a     
召开( convene的现在分词 ); 召集; (为正式会议而)聚集; 集合
参考例句:
  • When convening the assembly, however, you shall blow without sounding an alarm. 民10:7但招聚会众的时候、们要吹号、不要吹出大声。
  • We warmly welcome the convening of Asia-Europe meeting in London. 热烈欢迎亚欧会议在伦敦召开。
63 stipulates 5c9afbf42331f6dbc8e7cd0e43b34e17     
n.(尤指在协议或建议中)规定,约定,讲明(条件等)( stipulate的名词复数 );规定,明确要求v.(尤指在协议或建议中)规定,约定,讲明(条件等)( stipulate的第三人称单数 );规定,明确要求
参考例句:
  • The trade contract stipulates for the settlement of balances in RMB. 贸易合同规定余额以人民币结算。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • The contract stipulates for the use of seasoned timber. 合同上订明用干透的木料。 来自辞典例句
64 legitimacy q9tzJ     
n.合法,正当
参考例句:
  • The newspaper was directly challenging the government's legitimacy.报纸直接质疑政府的合法性。
  • Managing from the top down,we operate with full legitimacy.我们进行由上而下的管理有充分的合法性。
65 specialized Chuzwe     
adj.专门的,专业化的
参考例句:
  • There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。
  • These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。
66 confidential MOKzA     
adj.秘(机)密的,表示信任的,担任机密工作的
参考例句:
  • He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
  • We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。
67 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
68 conscientiously 3vBzrQ     
adv.凭良心地;认真地,负责尽职地;老老实实
参考例句:
  • He kept silent,eating just as conscientiously but as though everything tasted alike. 他一声不吭,闷头吃着,仿佛桌上的饭菜都一个味儿。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She discharged all the responsibilities of a minister conscientiously. 她自觉地履行部长的一切职责。 来自《简明英汉词典》
69 concurrently 7a0b4be5325a98c61c407bef16b74293     
adv.同时地
参考例句:
  • He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁,同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁,同期执行。 来自辞典例句
70 prospects fkVzpY     
n.希望,前途(恒为复数)
参考例句:
  • There is a mood of pessimism in the company about future job prospects. 公司中有一种对工作前景悲观的情绪。
  • They are less sanguine about the company's long-term prospects. 他们对公司的远景不那么乐观。
71 obstruct sRCzR     
v.阻隔,阻塞(道路、通道等);n.阻碍物,障碍物
参考例句:
  • He became still more dissatisfied with it and secretly did everything in his power to obstruct it.他对此更不满意,尽在暗里使绊子。
  • The fallen trees obstruct the road.倒下的树将路堵住了。
72 auditing JyVzib     
n.审计,查账,决算
参考例句:
  • Auditing standards are the rules governing how an audit is performed.收支检查标准是规则统治一个稽核如何被运行。
  • The auditing services market is dominated by a few large accounting firms.审计服务市场被几家大型会计公司独占了。
73 evaluation onFxd     
n.估价,评价;赋值
参考例句:
  • I attempted an honest evaluation of my own life.我试图如实地评价我自己的一生。
  • The new scheme is still under evaluation.新方案还在评估阶段。
74 interpretation P5jxQ     
n.解释,说明,描述;艺术处理
参考例句:
  • His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
  • Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
75 accounting nzSzsY     
n.会计,会计学,借贷对照表
参考例句:
  • A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
  • There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。
76 criteria vafyC     
n.标准
参考例句:
  • The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。
  • There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。
77 ministry kD5x2     
n.(政府的)部;牧师
参考例句:
  • They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
  • We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。
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