第一百一十六条 当事人既约定违约金，又约定定金的，一方违约时，对方可以选择适用违约金或者定金条款。

    Article 116 Election Between Deposit or Liquidated¹ Damages Clauses

    If the parties prescribed payment of both liquidated damages and a deposit, in case of breach² by a party, the other party may elect in alternative to apply the liquidated damages clause or the deposit clause.

    第一百一十七条 因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任，但法律另有规定的除外。当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不能免除责任。本法所称不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。

    Article 117 Force Majeure

    A party who was unable to perform a contract due to force majeure is exempted³ from liability in part or in whole in light of the impact of the event of force majeure, except otherwise provided by law. Where an event of force majeure occurred after the party's delay in performance, it is not exempted from liability.

    For purposes of this Law, force majeure means any objective circumstance which is unforeseeable, unavoidable and insurmountable.

    第一百一十八条 当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失，并应当在合理期限内提供证明。

    Article 118 Duty to Notify in Case of Force Majeure

    If a party is unable to perform a contract due to force majeure, it shall timely notify the other party so as to mitigate⁴ the loss that may be caused to the other party, and shall provide proof of force majeure within a reasonable time.

    第一百一十九条 当事人一方违约后，对方应当采取适当措施防止损失的扩大；没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，不得就扩大的损失要求赔偿。当事人因防止损失扩大而支出的合理费用，由违约方承担。

    Article 119 Non-Breaching⁵ Party's Duty to Mitigate Loss in Case of Breach

    Where a party breached⁶ the contract, the other party shall take the appropriate measures to prevent further loss; where the other party sustained further loss due to its failure to take the appropriate measures, it may not claim damages for such further loss. Any reasonable expense incurred⁷ by the other party in preventing further loss shall be borne by the breaching party.

    第一百二十条 当事人双方都违反合同的，应当各自承担相应的责任。

    Article 120 Bilateral⁸ Breach

    In case of bilateral breach, the parties shall assume their respective liabilities accordingly.

    第一百二十一条 当事人一方因第三人的原因造成违约的，应当向对方承担违约责任。当事人一方和第三人之间的纠纷，依照法律规定或者按照约定解决。

    Article 121 Breach Due to Act of Third Person

    Where a party's breach was attributable to a third person, it shall nevertheless be liable to the other party for breach.

    Any dispute between the party and such third person shall be resolved in accordance with the law or the agreement between the parties.

    第一百二十二条 因当事人一方的违约行为，侵害对方人身、财产权益的，受损害方有权选择依照本法要求其承担违约责任或者依照其他法律要求其承担侵权责任。

    Article 122 Election of Remedy in Tort or in Contract

    Where a party's breach harmed the personal or property interests of the other party, the aggrieved⁹ party is entitled to elect to hold the party liable for breach of contract in accordance herewith, or hold the party liable for tort in accordance with any other relevant law.

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