第二章 合同的订立

    Chapter Two: Formation of Contracts

    第九条 当事人订立合同，应当具有相应的民事权利能力和民事行为能力。当事人依法可以委托代理人订立合同。

    Article 9 Capacity; Contract through Agent

    In entering into a contract, the parties shall have the appropriate capacities for civil rights and civil acts.A party may appoint an agent to enter into a contract on its behalf under the law.

    第十条 当事人订立合同，有书面形式、口头形式和其他形式。法律、行政法规规定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。当事人约定采用书面形式的，应当采用书面形式。

    Article 10 Forms of Contract; Writing Requirement

    A contract may be made in a writing, in an oral conversation, as well as in any other form. A contract shall be in writing if a relevant law or administrative¹ regulation so requires. A contract shall be in writing if the parties have so agreed.

    第十一条 书面形式是指合同书、信件和数据电文（包括电报、电传、传真、电子数据交换和电子邮件）等可以有形地表现所载内容的形式。

    Article 11 Definition of Writing

    A writing means a memorandum² of contract, letter or electronic message (including telegram, telex³, facsimile, electronic data exchange and electronic mail), etc. which is capable of expressing its contents in a tangible⁴ form.

    第十二条 合同的内容由当事人约定，一般包括以下条款：

    （一）当事人的名称或者姓名和住所；

    （二）标的；

    （三）数量；

    （四）质量；

    （五）价款或者报酬；

    （六）履行期限、地点和方式；

    （七）违约责任；

    （八）解决争议的方法。

    当事人可以参照各类合同的示范文本订立合同。

    Article 12 Terms of Contract

    The terms of a contract shall be prescribed by the parties, and generally include the following:

    (i) names of the parties and the domiciles thereof;

    (ii) subject matter;

    (iii) quantity;

    (iv) quality;

    (v) price or remuneration;

    (vi) time, place and method of performance;

    (vii) liabilities for breach⁵ of contract;

    (viii) method of dispute resolution.

    The parties may enter into a contract by referencing a model contract for the relevant contract category.

    第十三条 当事人订立合同，采取要约、承诺方式。

    Article 13 Offer-Acceptance

    A contract is concluded by the exchange of an offer and an acceptance.

    第十四条 要约是希望和他人订立合同的意思表示，该意思表示应当符合下列规定：

    （一）内容具体确定；

    （二）表明经受要约人承诺，要约人即受该意思表示约束。

    Article 14 Definition of Offer

    An offer is a party's manifestation⁶ of intention to enter into a contract with the other party, which shall comply with the following:

    (i) Its terms are specific and definite;

    (ii) It indicates that upon acceptance by the offeree, the offeror will be bound thereby⁷.

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