英文法律词典 A-41_法律英语

英文法律词典 A-41

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ACCORD, in contracts. A satisfaction agreed upon between the party injuring and the party injured, which when performed is a bar to all actions upon this account. 3 Bl. Com. 15; Bac. Abr, Accord.

2. In order to make a good accord it is essential: 1. That the accord be legal. An agreement to drop a criminal prosecution¹ as a satisfaction for an assault and imprisonment², is void. 5 East, 294. See 2 Wils. 341 Cro. Eliz. 541.

3. – 2. It must be advantageous³ to the contracting party; hence restoring to the plaintiff his chattels⁴, or his land, of which the defendant⁵ has wrongfully dispossessed him, will not be any consideration to support a promise by the plaintiff not to sue him for those injuries. Bac. Abr. Accord, &c. A; Perk⁶. s. 749; Dyer, 75; 5 East, R. 230; 1 Str. R. 426; 2 T. R. 24; 11 East, R. 390; 3 Hawks⁷, R. 580; 2 Litt. R. 49; 1 Stew⁸. R. 476; 5 Day, R. 360; 1 Root, R. 426; 3 Wend. R. 66; 1 Wend, R. 164; 14 Wend. R. 116; 3 J. J. Marsh⁹. R. 497.

4. – 3. It must be certain; hence an agreement that the defendant shall relinquish¹⁰ the possession of a house in satisfaction, &c., is not valid¹¹, unless it is also agreed at what time it shall be relinquished¹². Yelv. 125. See 4 Mod. 88; 2 Johns. 342; 3 Lev. 189.

5. – 4. The defendant must be privy¹³ to the contract. If therefore the consideration for the promise not to sue proceeds from another, the defendant is a stranger to the agreement, and the circumstance that the promise has been made to him will be of no avail. Str. 592; 6, John. R. 37; 3 Monr. R. 302 but in such case equity¹⁴ will grant relief by injunction. 3 Monr. R. 302; 5 East, R. 294; 1 Smith's R. 615; Cro. Eliz. 641; 9 Co. 79, b; 3 Taunt¹⁵. R. 117; 5 Co. 117, b.

6. – 5. The accord must be executed. 5 Johns. R. 386; 3 Johns. Cas. 243; 16 Johns. R. 86; 2 Wash. C. C. R. 180; 6 Wend. R. 390; 5 N. H. Rep. 136; Com. Dig. Accord, B 4.

7. Accord with satisfaction when completed has two effects; it is a payment of the debt; and it is a species of sale of the thing given by the debtor¹⁶ to the creditor¹⁷, in satisfaction; but it differs from it in this, that it is not valid until the delivery of the article, and there is no warranty¹⁸ of the thing thus sold, except perhaps the title; for in regard to this, it cannot be doubted, that if the debtor gave on an accord and satisfaction the goods of another, there would be no satisfaction. See Dation, en paiement.

See in general Com. Dig. h. t.; Bac. Ab. h. t.; Com. Dig. Pleader, 2 V 8; 5 East, R. 230; 4 Mod. 88 ; 1 Taunt. R. 428; 7 East, R. 150; 1 J. B. Moore, 358, 460; 2 Wils. R. 86; 6 Co. 43, b; 3 Chit. Com. Law, 687 to 698; Harr. Dig. h. t.; 1 W. Bl. 388; 2 T. R. 24; 2 Taunt. 141; 3 Taunt. 117; 5 B.& A. 886; 2 Chit. R. 303 324; 11 East, 890; 7 Price, 604; 2 Greenl. Ev. 28; 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 805; 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 2478-79-80-81. Vide Discharge of Obligations.

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1 prosecution
n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营
参考例句：
The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。 He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

2 imprisonment
n.关押，监禁，坐牢
参考例句：
His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。 He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。

3 advantageous
adj.有利的；有帮助的
参考例句：
Injections of vitamin C are obviously advantageous.注射维生素C显然是有利的。 You're in a very advantageous position.你处于非常有利的地位。

4 chattels
n.动产，奴隶( chattel的名词复数 )
参考例句：
An assignment is a total alienation of chattels personal. 动产转让是指属人动产的完全转让。来自辞典例句 Alan and I, getting our chattels together, struck into another road to reassume our flight. 艾伦和我收拾好我们的财物，急匆匆地走上了另一条路，继续过我们的亡命生活。来自辞典例句

5 defendant
n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的
参考例句：
The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。 The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。

6 perk
n.额外津贴；赏钱；小费；
参考例句：
His perks include a car provided by the firm.他的额外津贴包括公司提供的一辆汽车。 And the money is,of course,a perk.当然钱是额外津贴。

7 hawks
鹰( hawk的名词复数 )；鹰派人物，主战派人物
参考例句：
Two hawks were hover ing overhead. 两只鹰在头顶盘旋。 Both hawks and doves have expanded their conditions for ending the war. 鹰派和鸽派都充分阐明了各自的停战条件。

8 stew
n.炖汤，焖，烦恼；v.炖汤，焖，忧虑
参考例句：
The stew must be boiled up before serving.炖肉必须煮熟才能上桌。 There's no need to get in a stew.没有必要烦恼。

9 marsh
n.沼泽，湿地
参考例句：
There are a lot of frogs in the marsh.沼泽里有许多青蛙。 I made my way slowly out of the marsh.我缓慢地走出这片沼泽地。

10 relinquish
v.放弃，撤回，让与，放手
参考例句：
He was forced to relinquish control of the company.他被迫放弃公司的掌控权。 They will never voluntarily relinquish their independence.他们绝对不会自动放弃独立。

11 valid
adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的
参考例句：
His claim to own the house is valid.他主张对此屋的所有权有效。 Do you have valid reasons for your absence?你的缺席有正当理由吗？

12 relinquished
交出，让给( relinquish的过去式和过去分词 )；放弃
参考例句：
She has relinquished the post to her cousin, Sir Edward. 她把职位让给了表弟爱德华爵士。 The small dog relinquished his bone to the big dog. 小狗把它的骨头让给那只大狗。

13 privy
adj.私用的；隐密的
参考例句：
Only three people,including a policeman,will be privy to the facts.只会允许3个人，其中包括一名警察，了解这些内情。 Very few of them were privy to the details of the conspiracy.他们中很少有人知道这一阴谋的详情。

14 equity
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。 To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

15 taunt
n.辱骂，嘲弄；v.嘲弄
参考例句：
He became a taunt to his neighbours.他成了邻居们嘲讽的对象。 Why do the other children taunt him with having red hair?为什么别的小孩子讥笑他有红头发？

16 debtor
n.借方，债务人
参考例句：
He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。 The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。

17 creditor
n.债仅人，债主，贷方
参考例句：
The boss assigned his car to his creditor.那工头把自己的小汽车让与了债权人。 I had to run away from my creditor whom I made a usurious loan.我借了高利贷不得不四处躲债。

18 warranty
n.担保书，证书，保单
参考例句：
This warranty is good for one year after the date of the purchase of the product.本保证书自购置此产品之日起有效期为一年。 As your guarantor,we have signed a warranty to the bank.作为你们的担保人，我们已经向银行开出了担保书。

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