英文法律词典 A-47_法律英语

英文法律词典 A-47

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TO ACQUIRE, descents, contracts. To make property one's own.

2. Title to property is acquired in two ways, by descent, (q. v.) and by purchase, (q. v.) Acquisition by purchase, is either by, 1. Escheat. 2. Occupancy. 3. Prescription¹. 4. Forfeiture². 5. Alienation³, which is either by deed or by matter of record. Things which cannot be sold, cannot be acquired.

ACQUISITION, property, contracts, descent. The act by which the person procures⁴ the property of a thing.

2. An acquisition, may be temporary or Perpetual, and be procured⁵ either for a valuable consideration, for example, by buying the same; or without consideration, as by gift or descent.

3. Acquisition may be divided into original and derivative⁶. Original acquisition is procured by occupancy, 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 490; 2 Kent. Com. 289; Menstr. Leg. du Dr. Civ. Rom. 344 ; by accession, 1 Bouv. Inst. n. 499; 2 Kent., Com. 293; by intellectual labor⁷, namely, for inventions, which are secured by patent rights and for the authorship of books, maps, and charts, which is protected by copyrights. 1. Bouv. Inst. n. 508.

4. Derivative acquisitions are those which are procured. from others, either by act of law, or by act of the parties. Goods and chattels⁸ may change owners by act of law in the cases of forfeiture, succession, marriage, judgment⁹, insolvency¹⁰, and intestacy. And by act of the parties, by gift or sale. Property may be acquired by a man himself, or by those who are in his power, for him; as by his children while minors¹¹; 1 N. Hamps. R. 28; 1 United States Law Journ. 513 ; by his apprentices¹² or his slaves. Vide Ruth. Inst. ch. 6 & 7; Dig. 41, 1, 53; Inst. 2,9; Ib. 2,9,3.

ACQUITTAL, contracts. A release or discharge from an obligation or eng agement. According to Lord Coke there are three kinds of acquittal, namely; 1, By deed, when the party releases the obligation; 2, By prescription; 3, By tenure¹³.Co. Lit. 100, a.

ACQUITTAL, crim. law practice. The absolution of a party charged with a crime or misdemeanor.

2. Technically¹⁴ speaking, acquittal is – the absolution of a party accused on a trial before a traverse jury. 1 N. & M. 36; 3 M'Cord, 461.

3. Acquittals are of two kinds, in fact and in law. The former takes place when the jury upon trial finds a verdict of not guilty; the latter when a man is charged merely as an accessary, and the principal has been acquitted¹⁵. 2 Inst. 384. An acquittal is a bar to any future prosecution¹⁶ for the offence alleged¹⁷ in the first indictment¹⁸.

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1 prescription
n.处方，开药；指示，规定
参考例句：
The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。 The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。

2 forfeiture
n.（名誉等）丧失
参考例句：
Both face maximum forfeitures of about $1.2 million.双方都面临最高120万美元左右的罚金。 If he should break his day,what should I gain by the exaction of the forfeiture?如果他到期不还我从这罚金中又能得到什么好处？

3 alienation
n.疏远；离间；异化
参考例句：
The new policy resulted in the alienation of many voters.新政策导致许多选民疏远了。 As almost every conceivable contact between human beings gets automated,the alienation index goes up.随着人与人之间几乎一切能想到的接触方式的自动化，感情疏远指数在不断上升。

4 procures
v.（努力）取得，（设法）获得( procure的第三人称单数 )；拉皮条
参考例句：
No doubt, it is his wife who procures his death. 毫不疑问，是他的妻子促成他的死亡。来自辞典例句 The Marine Department designs, procures and maintains all government vessels. 海事处负责设计、采购和维修所有政府船舶。来自互联网

5 procured
v.（努力）取得，（设法）获得( procure的过去式和过去分词 )；拉皮条
参考例句：
These cars are to be procured through open tender. 这些汽车要用公开招标的办法购买。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 A friend procured a position in the bank for my big brother. 一位朋友为我哥哥谋得了一个银行的职位。来自《用法词典》

6 derivative
n.派(衍)生物；adj.非独创性的，模仿他人的
参考例句：
His paintings are really quite derivative.他的画实在没有创意。 Derivative works are far more complicated.派生作品更加复杂。

7 labor
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。 He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 chattels
n.动产，奴隶( chattel的名词复数 )
参考例句：
An assignment is a total alienation of chattels personal. 动产转让是指属人动产的完全转让。来自辞典例句 Alan and I, getting our chattels together, struck into another road to reassume our flight. 艾伦和我收拾好我们的财物，急匆匆地走上了另一条路，继续过我们的亡命生活。来自辞典例句

9 judgment
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。 He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。

10 insolvency
n.无力偿付，破产
参考例句：
The company is on the verge of insolvency.该公司快要破产了。 Normal insolvency procedures should not be applied to banks.通常的破产程序不应当适用于银行。

11 minors
n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 )；副修科目；小公司；[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。来自《简明英汉词典》 He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。来自《简明英汉词典》

12 apprentices
学徒，徒弟( apprentice的名词复数 )
参考例句：
They were mere apprentices to piracy. 他们干海盗仅仅是嫩角儿。 He has two good apprentices working with him. 他身边有两个好徒弟。

13 tenure
n.终身职位；任期；(土地)保有权，保有期
参考例句：
He remained popular throughout his tenure of the office of mayor.他在担任市长的整个任期内都深得民心。 Land tenure is a leading political issue in many parts of the world.土地的保有权在世界很多地区是主要的政治问题。

14 technically
adv.专门地，技术上地
参考例句：
Technically it is the most advanced equipment ever.从技术上说，这是最先进的设备。 The tomato is technically a fruit,although it is eaten as a vegetable.严格地说，西红柿是一种水果，尽管它是当作蔬菜吃的。

15 acquitted
宣判…无罪( acquit的过去式和过去分词 )；使（自己）作出某种表现
参考例句：
The jury acquitted him of murder. 陪审团裁决他谋杀罪不成立。 Five months ago she was acquitted on a shoplifting charge. 五个月前她被宣判未犯入店行窃罪。

16 prosecution
n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营
参考例句：
The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。 He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。

17 alleged
a.被指控的，嫌疑的
参考例句：
It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。 alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为

18 indictment
n.起诉；诉状
参考例句：
He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。 They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。

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