ENDORSEMENT¹. Vide Indorsement.

ENDOWMENT. The bestowing² or assuring of a dower to a woman. It is sometimes used: metaphorically³, for the setting a provision for a charitable institution, as the endowment of a hospital.

ENEMY, international law. By this term is understood the whole body of a nation at war with another. It also signifies a citizen or subject of such a nation, as when we say an alien enemy. In a still more extended sense, the word includes any of the subjects or citizens of a state in amity⁴ with the United States, who, have commenced, or have made preparations for commencing hostilities⁵ against the United States; and also the citizens or subjects of a state in amity with the United States, who are in the service of a state at war with them. Salk. 635; Bac. Ab. Treason, G.

2. An enemy cannot, as a general rule, enter into any contract which can be enforeed in the courts of law; but the rule is not without exceptions; as, for example, when a state permits expressly its own citizens to trade with the enemy; and perhaps a contract for necessaries, or for money to enable the individual to get home, might be enforced. 7 Pet. R . 586.

3. An alien enemy cannot, in general, sue during the war, a citizen of the United States, either in the courts of, the United States, or those of the several states. 1 Kent, Com. 68; 15 John. R. 57 S. C. 16 John. R. 438. Vide Marsh⁶. Ins. c. 2, s. 1; Park. Ins. Index. h. t.; Wesk. Ins. 197; Phil. Ins. Index. h. t.; Chit. Comm. Law, Index, h. t.; Chit. Law of Nations, Index, h. t.

4. By the term enemy is also understood, a person who is desirous of doing injury to another. The Latins had two terms to signify these two classes of persons; the first , or the public enemy, they called hostis, and the latter, or the private enemy, inimicus.

TO ENFEOFF. To make a gift of any corporeal⁷ hereditaments to another. Vide Feoffment.

TO ENFRANCHISE⁸. To make free to incorporate a man in a society or body politic⁹. Cunn. L. D. h. t. Vide Disfranchise.

ENGAGEMENT. This word is frequently used in the French law to signify not only a contract, but the obligations arising from a quasi contract. The terms obligations (q. v.) and engagements, are said to be synonymous 17 Toull. n. 1; but the Code seems specially¹⁰ to apply the term engagement to those obligations which the law, imposes on a man without the intervention¹¹ of any contract, either on the part of the obligor or the obligee¹². Art. 1370.

ENGLESHIRE. A law was made by Canutus, for the preservation¹³ of his Danes, that when a man was killed, the hundred or town should be liable to be amerced, unless it could be proved that the person killed was an Englishman. This proof was called Engleshire. It consisted, generally, of the testimony¹⁴ of two males on the part of the father of him that had been killed, and two females on the part of his mother. Hal. Hist. P . C. 447; 4 Bl. Com. 195; Spelman, Gloss¹⁵. See Francigena .

TO ENGROSS¹⁶, practice, conveyancing. To copy the rude draught¹⁷ of an instrument in a fair and large hand. See 3 Bouv. Inst. n, 2421, note.

ENGROSSER. One who purchases large quantities of any commodities in order to have the command of the market, and to sell them again at high prices.

TO ENJOIN¹⁸. To command; to require; as, private individuals are not only permitted, but enjoined¹⁹ by law to arrest an offender²⁰ when present at the time a felony is committed or dangerous wound given, on pain of fine and imprisonment²¹ if the wrong doer escape through their negligence²². 1 Hale, 587; 1 East, P. C. 298, 304; Hawk²³. B. 2, c. 12, s. 13; R. & M. C. C. 93. 2. In a more technical sense, to enjoin, is to command or order a defendant²⁴ in equity²⁵ to do or not to do a particular thing by writ²⁶ of injunction. Vide Injunction.