Particular measures of length.
1st. Used for measuring cloth of all kinds.
  1 nail = 2 1/4 inches
  1 quarter = 4 inches
  1 yard = 4 quarters
  1 ell = 5 quarters. 2d. used for the height of horses.
  1 hand = 4 inches. 3d. Used in measuring depths.
  1 fathom¹ = 6 feet.

4th. Used in land measure, to facilitate computation of the contents, 10 square chains being equal to an acre.

 

1 link = 7 92/100 inches
1 chain = 100 links.                    6.-2. MEASURES OF SURFACE.144 square inches = l square foot
9 square feet = l square yard
30 1/4 square yards = l perch2 or rod
40 perches3 = l rood
4 roods or 160 perches = l acre
640 acres--l square mile.             7. - 3. MEASURES OF SOLTDITY AND CAPACITY.1st. Measures of solidity.1728 cubic inches = l cubic foot
27 cubic feet = l cubic yard.

2d. Measures of capacity for all liquids, and for all goods, not liquid, except such as are comprised in the next division.

 

4 gills = l pint4 = 34 2/3 cubic inches nearly.
2 pints5 = l quart = 691/2         "       "
4 quarts = 1 gallon = 277 1/4     "       " 
2 gallons = l peck = 554 1/2      "       "
8 gallons= 1 bushel = 2218 1/2    "       "
8 bushels = l quarter = 10 1/4 cubic feet "
5 quarters = l load = 51 1/2      "       "

The last four denominations⁶ are used only for goods, not liquids. For liquids, several denominations have heretofore been adopted, namely, for beer, the firkin of 9 gallons, the kilderkin of 18 , the barrel of 36, the hogshead of 54; and the butt⁷ of 108 gallons. For wine or spirits there are the anker, runlet, tierce, hogshead, puncheon, pipe, butt, and tun; these are, however, rather the names of the casks, in which the commodities are imported, than as express any definite number of gallons. It is the practice to gauge⁸ all such vessels⁹, and to charge them according to their actual contents.

3d. Measures of capacity, for coal, lime, potatoes, fruit, and other commodities, sold by heaped measure.

 2 gallons = 1 peck-704 cubic in. nearly.
8 gallons = 1 bushel=28151/2  "     "
3 bushels = 1 sack = 41 cubic feet  "
12 sacks=l chaldron = 58 2/3   "     "8.-4. MEASURES OF WEIGHTS. See art. Weights.9.-5., ANGULAR MEASURE; or, DIVISION OF THE CIRCLE.
60 seconds = l minute
60 minutes = l degree
30 degrees = 1 sign 
90 degrees = 1 quadrant
360 degrees, or 12 signs = 1 circumference10.

Formerly¹¹ the subdivisions were carried on by sities; thus, the second was divided into 60 thirds, the third into sixty fourths, &c. At present, the second is more generally divided decimally into tens, hundreds, &c. The degree is frequently so divided.

or 10. - 6. MEASURE OF TIME.60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = l day 7 days = 1 week 28 days, or 4 weeks = 1 lunar month 28, 29, 30, or 31 days = 1 calendar month 12 calendar months = 1 year 365 days = 1 common year 366 day = l leap year. The second of time is subdivided¹² like that of angular measure.

FRENCH MEASURES.

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