英文法律词典 S-40_法律英语

英文法律词典 S-40

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2008-03-24 06:25 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

SHELLEY'S CASE. This case, reported in 1 Rep. 93, contains a rule usually known as the rule in Shelley's case, which has caused more commentaries perhaps than any other case. It has been expressed with great precision, though not with much elegance¹, to be "in any instrument, if a freehold be limited to the ancestor for life, and the inheritance to his heirs, either mediately² or immediately, the first taker takes the whole estate; if it be limited to the heirs of his body, he takes a fee tail; if to his heirs a fee simple." Co. Litt. 376, b and Mr. Butler's note, 1; 3 Binn. R. 139 1 Day, Rep. 299; 1 Prest. on Estates, ch. 3; 4 Kent, Com. 206; Cruise, Dig. tit. 32, c. 22; 2 Yeates, R. 410; 1 Hargr. Law Tracts³, article "Observations concerning the rule in Shelley's case, chiefly with a view to the application of that rule in Last Wills;" 5 Ohio R. 465.

SHERIFF. The name of the chief officer of the county. In Latin he is called vice⁴ comes, because in England he represented the comes or earl. His name is said to be derived⁵ from the Saxon seyre, shire or county, and reve, keeper, bailiff, or guardian⁶.

2. The general duties of the sheriff are, 1st. To keep the peace within the county; he may apprehend⁷, and commit to prison all persons who break the peace or attempt to break it, and bind⁸ any one in a recognizance to keep the peace. He is required ex officio, to pursue and take all traitors⁹, murderers, felons¹⁰ and rioters. He has the keeping of the county gaol¹¹ and he is bound to defend it against all attacks. He may command the posse comitatus. (q. v.)

3. - 2d. In his ministerial capacity, the sheriff is bound to execute within his county or bailiwick, all process issuing from the courts of the commonwealth¹².

4. - 3d. The sheriff also possesses a judicial¹³ capacity, but this is very much circumscribed¹⁴ to what it was at common law in England. It is now generally confined to ascertain¹⁵ damages on writs¹⁶ of inquiry¹⁷ and the like.

5. Generally speaking the sheriff has no authority out of his county. 2 Rolle's Rep. 163; Plowd, 37 a. He may, however, do mere¹⁸ ministerial acts out of his county, as making a return. Dalt. Sh. 22. Vide, generally, the various Digests and Abridgments, h. t.; Dalt. Sher.; Wats. Off. and Duty of Sheriff; Wood's Inst. 75; 18 Engl. Com. Law Rep. 177; 2 Phil. Ev. 213; Chit. Pr. Index, h. t.; Chit. Pr. Law, Index, h. t.

SHERIFFALTY. The office of sheriff, the time during which a sheriff is to remain in office.

点击

收听单词发音

1 elegance
n.优雅；优美，雅致；精致，巧妙
参考例句：
The furnishings in the room imparted an air of elegance.这个房间的家具带给这房间一种优雅的气氛。 John has been known for his sartorial elegance.约翰因为衣着讲究而出名。

2 mediately
在中间，间接
参考例句：
Im-mediately after a race, each swimmer has an ear pricked to test for lac-tic-acid levels. 赛后每个泳者耳朵立刻用针扎一下，验血浆乳酸浓度值。

3 tracts
大片土地( tract的名词复数 )；地带；（体内的）道；（尤指宣扬宗教、伦理或政治的）短文
参考例句：
vast tracts of forest 大片大片的森林 There are tracts of desert in Australia. 澳大利亚有大片沙漠。

4 vice
n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的
参考例句：
He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。 They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

5 derived
vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。来自《简明英汉词典》 He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。来自《简明英汉词典》

6 guardian
n.监护人；守卫者，保护者
参考例句：
The form must be signed by the child's parents or guardian. 这张表格须由孩子的家长或监护人签字。 The press is a guardian of the public weal. 报刊是公共福利的卫护者。

7 apprehend
vt.理解，领悟，逮捕，拘捕，忧虑
参考例句：
I apprehend no worsening of the situation.我不担心局势会恶化。 Police have not apprehended her killer.警察还未抓获谋杀她的凶手。

8 bind
vt.捆，包扎；装订；约束；使凝固；vi.变硬
参考例句：
I will let the waiter bind up the parcel for you.我让服务生帮你把包裹包起来。 He wants a shirt that does not bind him.他要一件不使他觉得过紧的衬衫。

9 traitors
卖国贼( traitor的名词复数 )；叛徒；背叛者；背信弃义的人
参考例句：
Traitors are held in infamy. 叛徒为人所不齿。 Traitors have always been treated with contempt. 叛徒永被人们唾弃。

10 felons
n.重罪犯( felon的名词复数 )；瘭疽；甲沟炎；指头脓炎
参考例句：
Aren't those the seats they use for transporting convicted felons? 这些坐位不是他们用来押运重犯的吗？来自电影对白 House Republicans talk of making felons out of the undocumented and those who help them. 众议院共和党议员正商议对未登记的非法移民以及包庇他们的人课以重罪。来自互联网

11 gaol
n.(jail)监狱；(不加冠词)监禁；vt.使…坐牢
参考例句：
He was released from the gaol.他被释放出狱。 The man spent several years in gaol for robbery.这男人因犯抢劫罪而坐了几年牢。

12 commonwealth
n.共和国，联邦，共同体
参考例句：
He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。 Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。

13 judicial
adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的
参考例句：
He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。 Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

14 circumscribed
adj.[医]局限的：受限制或限于有限空间的v.在…周围划线( circumscribe的过去式和过去分词 )；划定…范围；限制；限定
参考例句：
The power of the monarchy was circumscribed by the new law. 君主统治的权力受到了新法律的制约。 His activities have been severely circumscribed since his illness. 自生病以来他的行动一直受到严格的限制。来自《简明英汉词典》

15 ascertain
vt.发现，确定，查明，弄清
参考例句：
It's difficult to ascertain the coal deposits.煤储量很难探明。 We must ascertain the responsibility in light of different situtations.我们必须根据不同情况判定责任。

16 writs
n.书面命令，令状( writ的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies. 管理局须发出令状的选举，以填补这些空缺。来自互联网 Writs of arrest were issued for a thousand students throughout the country. 全国各地有一千名学生被拘捕。来自互联网

17 inquiry
n.打听，询问，调查，查问
参考例句：
Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。 The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

18 mere
adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过
参考例句：
That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。 It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

上一篇：英文法律词典 S-39 下一篇：英文法律词典 S-41