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Locomotor System 运动系统 osteology 骨学 skeleton 骨骼 bone 骨 diaphysis 骨干 epiphysis骨骺 metaphysis 干骺端 medullary cavity 髓腔 epiphyseal cartilage 骺软骨 epiphyseal line 骺线 compact （or dense） bone 骨密质 spongy （or cancellous） bone 骨松质 diploe 板障 periosteum 骨膜 bone marrow 骨髓 vertebra 椎骨 vertebral column 脊柱 atlas 寰椎 axis 枢椎 cervical vertebra 颈椎 thoracic vertebra 胸椎 lumbar vertebra 腰椎 sacrum 骶骨 coccyx 尾骨 sternum 胸骨 manubrium 胸骨柄 body of the sternum 胸骨体 xiphoid process 剑突 sternal angle 胸骨角 jugular notch 颈静脉切迹 rib 肋骨 costal arch 肋弓 skull（or cranium） 颅 frontal bone 额骨 occipital bone 枕骨 sphenoid bone 蝶骨 temporal bone 颞骨 parietal bone 顶骨 ethmoid bone 筛骨 inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 lacrimal bone 泪骨 nasal bone 鼻骨 vomer 犁骨 maxilla 上颌骨 palatine bone 腭骨 zygomatic bone 颧骨 mandible 下颌骨 hyoid bone 舌骨 inion（or external occipital protuberance） 枕外隆突 superior nuchal line 上项线 groove for superior sagittal sinus 上矢状窦沟 anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝 cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone 筛板 middle cranial fossa 颅中窝 hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝 optic canal 视神经管 dorsum sellae 鞍背 foramen lacerum 破裂孔 foramen rotundum 圆孔 forame novale 卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔 superior orbital fissure 眶上裂 posterior cranial fossa 颅后窝 forame nmagnum 枕骨大孔 hypoglossal canal 舌下神经管 jugular foramen 颈静脉孔 internal occipital protuberance 枕内隆突 groove for transverse sinus 横窦沟 groove for sigmoid sinus 乙状窦沟 carotid canal 颈动脉管 styloid process 茎突 stylomastoid foramen 茎乳孔 pterion 翼点 infratemporal fossa 颞下窝 pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝 orbit 眶 supraorbital foramen （or notch） 眶上孔（或切迹） infraorbital foramen 眶下孔 mental foramen 颏孔 lacrimal sac 泪囊 nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管 superior （middle，and inferior） nasal meatus 上（中、下）鼻道 paranasal sinus 鼻旁窦 maxillary sinus 上颌窦 fonticuli （or fontanelles） 颅囟 clavicle 锁骨 scapula 肩胛骨 humerus 肱骨 radius 桡骨 ulna 尺骨 carpus 腕骨 metacarpus 掌骨 phalanges 指骨、趾骨 hipbone 髋骨 acetabulum 髋臼 ilium 髂骨 ischium 坐骨 pubis 耻骨 pelvis 骨盆 femur 股骨 patella 髌骨 tibia 胫骨 fibula 腓骨 tarsus 跗骨 talus 距骨 calcaneus 跟骨 metatarsus 跖骨 fibrousjoint 纤维连结 syndesmosis 韧带连结 suture 缝 cartilage joint 软骨连结 synovial joint 滑膜关结 articular surface 关节面 articular capsule 关节囊 articular cavity 关节腔 ligament 韧带 articular disc 关节盘 articular labrum 关节唇 flexion 屈 extension 伸 adduction 收 abduction 展 rotation 旋转 circumduction 环转 pronation 旋前 supination 旋后 eversion 外翻 inversion 内翻 dorsiflexion 背屈 plantarfiexion跖屈 intervertebral disc 椎间盘 fiavum ligament 黄韧带 thoracic cage 胸廓 temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节 sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节 shoulder joint 肩关节 glenoid labrum 盂唇 elbow joint 肘关节 anular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带 proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 distal radioulnar jojnt 桡尺远侧关节 wrist joint （or radiocarpal joint） 腕关节（桡腕关节） flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持带 extensor retinaculum 伸肌支持带 carpometacarpal joint 腕掌关节 metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节 interphalangeal joint 指间关节 pubic symphysis 耻骨联合 sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带 sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 hip joint 髋关节 tere ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带 knee joint 膝关节 cruciate ligament of knee 膝关节的交叉韧带 lateral meniscus 外侧半月板 medial meniscus 内侧半月板 ankle joint 踝关节 arch of the foot 足弓 muscle 肌肉 tendon 肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜 fascia 筋膜 superficial fascia 浅筋膜 deep fascia 深筋膜 tendon sheath 腱鞘 fibrous tendon sheath 腱纤维鞘 synovial tendon sheath 腱滑膜鞘 latissimus dorsi muscle 背阔肌 trapezius muscle 斜方肌 erector spinae muscle 竖脊肌 platysma 颈阔肌 sternocleidomastoid muscle 胸锁乳突肌 scaleni muscles 斜角肌 pectoralis major muscle 胸大肌 pectoralis minor muscle 胸小肌 serratus anterior muscle 前锯肌 diaphragm 膈肌 obliquus externus abdominis muscle 腹外斜肌 obliquus internus abdominis muscle 腹内斜肌 transvers usabdonminis muscle 腹横肌 masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌 facial muscles 面肌 deltoid muscle 三角肌 biceps brachii muscle 肱二头肌 triceps brachii muscle 肱三头肌 pronator teres muscle 旋前圆肌 flexor carpi radialis muscle 桡侧腕屈肌 palmaris longus muscle 掌长肌 flexor carpi ulnaris muscle 尺侧腕屈肌 flexor digitorum superiicialis muscle 指浅屈肌 flexor digitorum profundus muscle 指深屈肌 flexor pollicis longus muscle 拇长屈肌 pronator quadratus muscle 旋前方肌 extensor carpi radialis longus muscle 桡侧腕长伸肌 extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle 桡侧腕短伸肌 extensor digitorum muscle 指伸肌 supinator muscle 旋后肌 thenar muscles 鱼际肌 hypothenar muscles 小鱼际肌 lumbrical muscle 蚓状肌 interosseus muscle 骨间肌 gluteus maximus musele 臀大肌 piriformis muscle 梨状肌 quadriceps femoris muscle 股四头肌 sartorius muscle 缝匠肌 biceps femoris muscle 股二头肌 semitendinosus musele 半腱肌 semimembranosus muscle 半膜肌 triceps surae muscle 小腿三头肌 gastrocnemius muscle 腓肠肌 soleus muscle 比目鱼肌 tendo calcaneus 跟腱 |
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