人类为什么要去火星？

It sounds like something from the realms of science fiction – a space expedition into the vast expanse of space, heading towards the Red Planet. While we're not quite ready to put a person on terra firma, the question we ask today is: why are so many countries interested in going to Mars?

 

The space race saw the USA and USSR compete to achieve firsts in spaceflight. The Soviet¹ Union released Sputnik 1, an artificial satellite, before anyone else, and the US landed on the Moon first. Now it appears that Mars is the celestial² body of desire. While the kudos³ and bragging⁴ rights to be the first nation to touchdown is an obvious draw, there are other reasons we want to get there.

 

One of these could be the survival of our species. You only have to look at the fossilised remains⁵ of the dinosaurs⁶ to see the benefit of finding another habitable planet. While Mars doesn't have the right conditions to call it home just yet, there's always the concept of terraforming - changing the environment of a planet to suit our needs.

 

However, not everyone agrees. Leading astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson has said the concept of altering habitability of another planet because of the damage we have done to Earth makes no sense when we can simply terraform Earth.  

 

It seems the main reason at the moment is the search for extraterrestrial life. It has long been believed that, at one time, Mars was abundant with life. Now seemingly dead, the potential fossils could answer questions about our own evolution and that of our planet. One theory is that bacterial⁷ life on our planet didn't start here, but was transferred via asteroid⁸ from Mars.

 

One benefit championed by scientists like Neil deGrasse Tyson is that landing on Mars may inspire more people to become interested in science and astronomy. Surely inspiring a new generation to visit the stars is reason enough.

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