“三新” 未来中国的三个关键词

今年的《政府工作报告》提出：

 

The period covered by the 14th Five-Year Plan will be the first five years in which we embark¹ on a new journey to build China into a modern socialist² country in all respects. China remains³ in an important period of strategic opportunity for development. Yet, there are changes in both the opportunities and challenges we face. We should have an accurate understanding of this new stage of development, fully⁴ apply the new development philosophy, and accelerate our efforts to create a new development pattern to promote high-quality development. By doing so, we will set the stage for building a modern socialist country in all respects.

“十四五”时期是开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一个五年。我国发展仍然处于重要战略机遇期，但机遇和挑战都有新的发展变化，要准确把握新发展阶段，深入贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，推动高质量发展，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家开好局起好步。

 

这里的新发展阶段（new development stage）、新发展理念（new development philosophy）、新发展格局（new development paradigm⁵）就是“三新”。

 

新发展阶段、新发展理念、新发展格局是理解当下和未来中国的三个关键词。新发展阶段，是中国发展的历史方位；新发展理念，是中国现代化建设的指导原则；新发展格局，是中国经济现代化的路径选择。

 

“三新”有何深意？我们简单为您介绍。

 

新发展阶段 new development stage

 

党的十九届五中全会提出，

 

After finishing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects and achieving the first centenary goal, we will mark the first five years of China's new journey toward fully building a modern socialist country and march toward the second centenary goal, which means that China's development will enter a new stage.

全面建成小康社会、实现第一个百年奋斗目标之后，我们要乘势而上开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程、向第二个百年奋斗目标进军，这标志着我国进入了一个新发展阶段。

 

进入新发展阶段，发展任务已经由实现第一个百年奋斗目标转向实现第二个百年奋斗目标。经济社会发展的重心将逐步从重视经济规模的“高增速”（high-speed growth）转到提高效率和质量上来，实现“高质量”发展（high-quality development）成为新的发展主题。

 

新发展理念 new development philosophy

 

在党的十八届五中全会上，习近平总书记提出要牢固树立并切实贯彻创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念（concept of innovative⁶, coordinated⁷, green, open and shared development），并强调这是关系我国发展全局的一场深刻变革，必须充分认识这场变革的重大现实意义和深远历史意义。

 

2021年1月28日，习近平主持中央政治局第二十七次集体学习时强调，

 

The new development philosophy is a systematic⁸ theoretical system, which answers a series of theoretical and practical questions about the purpose, motivation, mode and path of development. It also clarifies major political issues including the Party's political stand, value orientation⁹ and the mode and path for development.

新发展理念是一个系统的理论体系，回答了关于发展的目的、动力、方式、路径等一系列理论和实践问题，阐明了我们党关于发展的政治立场、价值导向、发展模式、发展道路等重大政治问题。

 

新发展格局 new development paradigm

 

2020年5月14日召开的中共中央政治局常务委员会会议指出，

 

We should further deepening the supply-side structural¹⁰ reform and leverage¹¹ the advantages of China's super-large market and domestic demand potential to create a new development pattern where domestic and foreign market can boost each other.

要深化供给侧结构性改革，充分发挥我国超大规模市场优势和内需潜力，构建国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

 

2020年5月23日，习近平看望参加全国政协十三届三次会议的经济界委员时强调，

 

We should make steady progress in creating a new development pattern where domestic and foreign markets can boost each other, with domestic market as the mainstay.

逐步形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

 

2020年9月1日，习近平主持召开中央全面深化改革委员会第十五次会议时强调，

 

Accelerating the establishment of a new development pattern featuring dual¹² circulation, which takes the domestic market as the mainstay while letting domestic and foreign markets boost each other, is a strategic decision made in accordance with changes in China's development stage, environment and conditions, and a systematic deep-level reform concerning the overall situation of the country.

加快形成以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局，是根据我国发展阶段、环境、条件变化作出的战略决策，是事关全局的系统性深层次变革。

 

构建国内国际双循环新发展格局首先要形成以国内大循环为主体的国民经济循环（national economic circulation which takes the domestic market as the mainstay），这是新发展格局的前提和条件。

 

同时，新发展格局不是封闭的国内循环（it's not a development loop behind closed doors），而是更加开放的国内国际双循环（more open domestic and international circulations）。要发挥国内循环对国际循环的带动作用、进而形成国内国际双循环相互促进发展，就必须要实行对外开放（open up）。只有依靠高水平开放发展，才能真正发挥国内大循环对国际大循环的带动作用（the driving force of domestic circulation will be fully unleashed¹³ to fuel international circulation），进而真正形成国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局。

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