五个英语口语语法要点

时间：2021-05-30 03:22:55

（单词翻译:单击）

1.口语中的句子结构 It's difficult, the exam.
 
非正式口语中的语法在某些方面与书面语法不同。句子通常不那么复杂，使用的连词种类更少，也更简单。
 
正式的书面语：
While the hotel was of quite a high standard1, the food was disappointing2.
 
非正式的口语：
The hotel was quite good, but the food was disappointing.
 
信息经常可以分开，以一条一条的形式呈现——句子并非总是遵循主语—谓语—宾语的语序。
 
They work very hard, the students.
 
2.省略句子开头 Must dash3.
 
在非正式口语中，经常省略非重读的句子开头。
 
省略的主要是冠词、物主代词、人称代词、助动词和be动词、指示词和引导性的there is句型。
 
Car's running badly. (=The car's…)
 
Shoelace is undone4. (=My shoelace…)
 
Forgotten the umbrella again. (=He's forgotten…)
 
You talking to me? (=Are you talking…?)
 
She ready? (=Is she ready?)
 
Must dash. (=I must dash.)
 
Won't work. (=It won't work)
 
Be four pounds fifty. (=That'll be…)
 
No reason to panic5. (= There's no reason…)
 
3.省略助动词后的词语 “Get up!” “I am!”
 
在非正式口语中，经常只用助动词，而不重复较长的表达。
 
—Get up!
—I am. (=I am getting up.)
 
He said he'd write to me, but he hasn't. (=…he hasn't written to me.)
 
—Talk louder.
—I would if I could, but I can't.
 
如果没有可重复的助动词，则用 do。
 
She said she would phone, and she did.
 
4.附加疑问句 It's cold, isn't it?
 
在口语或非正式书面语中，附加疑问句（question tag）常用于句尾，用于确认某事是否属实，或征求对方同意。
 
You haven't seen Joe, have you?
 
This tea isn't very nice, is it?
 
否定的附加疑问句通常用缩写形式，如 isn't it（通常不说 is it not?）
在附加疑问句中，am I not 的缩写形式是 aren't I?
 
Nice day, isn't it?
 
I'm late, aren't I?
 
5.答语疑问句
 
答语疑问句（reply question）的构成为助动词+代词（与附加疑问句类似），表达关注、兴趣或惊奇。
 
—We had a lovely holiday.
—Did you?
—Yes, we went…
 
—John likes that girl next door.
—Oh, does he?
 
—It was a terrible party.
—Was it?
—Yes,…
 
用否定的答语疑问句来回答肯定句，表示加强赞同的语气。
 
—It was a lovely concert.
—Yes, wasn't it! I did enjoy it.
 
—She's lost a lot of weight.
—Yes, hasn't she?

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1 standard 9rKyK     
n.标准，水准，水平；规格，规范，规定；旗帜；adj.标准的，一般的
参考例句：
  • He wrote in standard English.他用标准英文写作。
  • Their standard of living is very low.他们的生活水平很低。
2 disappointing JukzaO     
adj.令人失望的；令人扫兴的v.令人失望(disappoint的ing形式)；辜负…的期望
参考例句：
  • The outcome of the court case was disappointing for the family involved. 诉讼案的结果使得涉及本案的这家人非常失望。
  • Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless. 我们的失败是意料中的事，尽管如此，还是令人失望。
3 dash eaUyW     
v./n.快跑，冲刺，短跑
参考例句：
  • The prisoners made a dash for freedom.囚犯逃奔自由。
  • Day and night the waves dash against the rocks.波浪日夜冲击着岩石。
4 undone JfJz6l     
a.未做完的，未完成的
参考例句：
  • He left nothing undone that needed attention.所有需要注意的事他都注意到了。
5 panic C48zD     
n.恐慌，惊惶；adj.惊慌的，没有理由的，恐慌的；vt.使惊慌，使狂热；vi.惊慌
参考例句：
  • There was a panic when the building caught fire.大楼起火时，人们一片惊慌。
  • She suddenly got into a panic and stopped her car.她突然惊慌失措起来，于是停住了车。

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