How cold affects the body 寒冷对身体的影响

时间:2023-04-05 16:17:21

(单词翻译:单击)

How cold affects the body 寒冷对身体的影响

天冷会影响我们的身体。寒冷的天气会对我们造成哪些影响?在什么温度下,它会开始影响我们的身体?本期节目围绕这些问题展开讨论。

词汇:temperature 气温

When we think of low temperature as a danger, we often imagine people working outside in polar regions in the depths of winter or in cold storage facilities, layered in thermal clothing to help them deal with freezing temperatures. But do we also need to protect ourselves when it's just a bit chilly as well as in arctic conditions?

As mammals, our bodies have to maintain an internal temperature in a narrow range between 37 and 37.5C. If that temperature drops, the effects can be serious. Below 35C, people can develop hypothermia, with symptoms such as shivering, confusion1, and slurred2 speech. If body temperature drops below 29C, it can lead to loss of consciousness3. Fortunately our bodies can regulate their internal temperature, but there are some negative side effects which come with this process.

Ten degrees Celsius is hardly biting cold, but that's the temperature that BBC journalist James Gallagher was made to endure in an experiment at the University of South Wales. As the test room was cooled from 21 degrees, his blood pressure, heart rate and breathing rate all increased, while the flow of blood to his brain decreased by 20%. What are the consequences of this? Immediately, it meant that Gallagher took longer to solve some simple puzzles. As a longer-term risk, Professor Damian Bailey points out that increased blood pressure puts us at greater risk of stroke and heart attacks.

Professor Bailey suggests that in the cold, people should wear clothing that provides good insulation, eat more carbohydrates4, and be more active. Another approach is suggested by Professor Christopher Minson. He believes that people are too reliant5 on being able to control the temperature around them, and that we can gradually train ourselves to cope with a lack of warmth and be comfortable at lower temperatures. So, while moderately low temperatures can have an effect on us, there are steps we can take to cope with them.

词汇表

polar 极地的
depths of winter 隆冬
cold storage 冷藏
thermal 保暖的
freezing (天气)极冷的
chilly 寒冷的
arctic conditions 天气极其寒冷
range 范围
drop 下降
hypothermia 体温过低
shivering (因寒冷)发抖
regulate 调节
Celsius 摄氏度
biting cold 严寒
endure 忍受
cool (使)冷却,(使)变凉
insulation 防御寒冷,保暖
warmth 温暖
comfortable 舒适的


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1 confusion 3pbz7     
n.困惑,迷乱,混淆,混乱,骚乱
参考例句:
  • His answers to my questions have only added to my confusion.他对我的问题的回答只是使我更加困惑不解。
  • His unexpected arrival threw us into total confusion.他的突然来访使我们完全不知所措。
2 slurred 01a941e4c7d84b2a714a07ccb7ad1430     
含糊地说出( slur的过去式和过去分词 ); 含糊地发…的声; 侮辱; 连唱
参考例句:
  • She had drunk too much and her speech was slurred. 她喝得太多了,话都说不利索了。
  • You could tell from his slurred speech that he was drunk. 从他那含糊不清的话语中你就知道他喝醉了。
3 consciousness vYlyL     
n.意识,觉悟,知觉
参考例句:
  • The experience helped to change her social consciousness.这种经验有助于改变她的社会意识。
  • He lost consciousness at the first whiff of ether.他一嗅到乙醚便失去了知觉。
4 carbohydrates 001f0186d1ea717492c413ca718f2635     
n.碳水化合物,糖类( carbohydrate的名词复数 );淀粉质或糖类食物
参考例句:
  • The plant uses the carbohydrates to make cellulose. 植物用碳水化合物制造纤维素。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All carbohydrates originate from plants. 所有的碳水化合物均来自植物。 来自辞典例句
5 reliant rt9yU     
adj.依靠的,信赖自己的
参考例句:
  • The hostel is heavily reliant upon charity.这家收容所在很大程度上依赖赞助。
  • The service has become heavily reliant on government support.这项服务变得高度依赖政府扶持。

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