Knowing our limitations 了解自身能力的局限性

时间:2024-03-07 02:07:48

(单词翻译:单击)

Knowing our limitations 了解自身能力的局限性

你听说过心理学上的 “邓宁-克鲁格效应” 吗?它指一些人由于对自身能力和知识的局限性缺乏认知,因此会高估自己的水平,从而表现得过度自信。与之相反的情况则是 “智性谦逊”。它指一些人了解并承认自己在能力和知识上的局限性,因此可以更准确地判断自己的水平。本期 “随身英语” 讨论为什么我们应该了解自身能力的局限性。
词汇:awareness1 认知,意识
Humans can be poor judges of their own ability. So, you might not be as good, or as bad, as you think you are. Psychologists have found the less expertise2 you have in something, the more likely you are to overestimate3 your competence4 in it. And in a digital era where self-assured social media influencers give you 'life hacks5', and face-to-face conversation is more limited, this psychological phenomenon seems important to remember.
This concept is called the Dunning-Kruger effect, named after the psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger. Back in the 90s, they found a correlation6 between a person's lack of skills and ability and a lack of awareness of lack of ability. They are ignorant to their own limitations. This plays out in various areas of life, such as in medical diagnosis7. For example, Dunning told BBC Radio 4 that, one third of the time, doctors disagree with patients who self-diagnose using internet sources rather than seeing a medical professional. Whether it's judging jokes, logical reasoning, or grammar, the pattern is the same: the less skilled you are, the more over-confident you are.
On the flip8 side is intellectual humility9. This means having a modest or low view of your importance or abilities. Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso, Professor of Psychology10 at Pepperdine University, found that a higher willingness to acknowledge cognitive11 limitations, and the ability to embrace diverse perspectives, is connected with a more accurate perception of intelligence.
How can we use this knowledge to help us in everyday life? Tenelle Porter, a psychologist at Rowan University, told the BBC that knowing this "opens us up to being intellectually humble12, to admitting everything that we don't yet know". And current studies suggest that those with higher intellectual humility are more open to negotiating, compromising and exploring information.
So, embrace the unknown and remember, there's always more to learn.
词汇表
judge 评判者,裁判
expertise 专业知识
overestimate 高估
competence 能力
self-assured 自信的
phenomenon 现象
lack 缺乏
ignorant 无知的
limitation 局限
skilled 有技能的
over-confident 过度自信的,自负的
intellectual humility 智性谦逊,认识并承认自己能力的局限性
modest 谦逊的
willingness 意愿
perspective 观点,看待问题的角度
humble 谦虚的


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1 awareness 4yWzdW     
n.意识,觉悟,懂事,明智
参考例句:
  • There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
  • Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。
2 expertise fmTx0     
n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
参考例句:
  • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
  • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。
3 overestimate Nmsz5Y     
v.估计过高,过高评价
参考例句:
  • Don't overestimate seriousness of the problem.别把问题看重了。
  • We overestimate our influence and our nuisance value.我们过高地估计了自己的影响力和破坏作用。
4 competence NXGzV     
n.能力,胜任,称职
参考例句:
  • This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
  • These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。
5 hacks 7524d17c38ed0b02a3dc699263d3ce94     
黑客
参考例句:
  • But there are hacks who take advantage of people like Teddy. 但有些无赖会占类似泰迪的人的便宜。 来自电影对白
  • I want those two hacks back here, right now. 我要那两个雇工回到这儿,现在就回。 来自互联网
6 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系,相关,关连
参考例句:
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
7 diagnosis GvPxC     
n.诊断,诊断结果,调查分析,判断
参考例句:
  • His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
  • The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。
8 flip Vjwx6     
vt.快速翻动;轻抛;轻拍;n.轻抛;adj.轻浮的
参考例句:
  • I had a quick flip through the book and it looked very interesting.我很快翻阅了一下那本书,看来似乎很有趣。
  • Let's flip a coin to see who pays the bill.咱们来抛硬币决定谁付钱。
9 humility 8d6zX     
n.谦逊,谦恭
参考例句:
  • Humility often gains more than pride.谦逊往往比骄傲收益更多。
  • His voice was still soft and filled with specious humility.他的声音还是那么温和,甚至有点谦卑。
10 psychology U0Wze     
n.心理,心理学,心理状态
参考例句:
  • She has a background in child psychology.她受过儿童心理学的教育。
  • He studied philosophy and psychology at Cambridge.他在剑桥大学学习哲学和心理学。
11 cognitive Uqwz0     
adj.认知的,认识的,有感知的
参考例句:
  • As children grow older,their cognitive processes become sharper.孩子们越长越大,他们的认知过程变得更为敏锐。
  • The cognitive psychologist is like the tinker who wants to know how a clock works.认知心理学者倒很像一个需要通晓钟表如何运转的钟表修理匠。
12 humble ddjzU     
adj.谦卑的,恭顺的;地位低下的;v.降低,贬低
参考例句:
  • In my humble opinion,he will win the election.依我拙见,他将在选举中获胜。
  • Defeat and failure make people humble.挫折与失败会使人谦卑。

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