Photography through the years过去两百年来摄影技术的发展

时间:2024-03-07 02:12:28

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Photography through the years过去两百年来摄影技术的发展

  如今,大部分人使用的智能手机都有拍照功能,想要拍摄和储存数码相片是件很容易的事。不过,从最开始的暗箱式相机到需要冲洗底片的胶片相机,从黑白相片到彩色相片,人们拍照的工具和方式经过了两百年的发展和演变。本期 “随身英语” 聊聊摄影技术的演变过程。
  词汇:photography摄影
  Now, pretty much everyone has a camera in their back pocket – in the form of a smartphone. It's easy to take hundreds of photos without needing to really consider set up or storage. And it's very hard to imagine that, at one time, capturing an image was an almost impossible process.
  Going back even before traditional film cameras, there were camera obscuras. These were boxes with a small hole in them. Through one side, an image could be projected onto a wall on the opposite side of the box. However, the picture was upside down, very faint, and couldn't be captured in physical form – a bit like the images we see on modern projectors1. In 1839, a French artist managed to work out a way to store and save photographs. He projected the image onto a shiny metal plate treated with chemicals. These images were in black and white. The first colour photo ever taken was of a tartan ribbon. The image was composed of three black and white photographs, each taken through a red, blue or green filter.
  So, how did we get from these early photographs to the kind we put into a frame and keep? Before the digital revolution, an image was captured on a negative, and this method is still chosen by some photographers today. A negative is an inverted2 image on a small strip of glass or plastic film which can then be exposed to light and processed onto photographic paper. When this was the main source of obtaining physical copies of photographs, it was a lengthy3 process with customers having to take the negatives to a shop and wait for their pictures to be developed.
  That was until digital photography came along in the 70s. Digital cameras captured images that could be saved as files and manipulated4 on a computer. Those are the kind of photos we take today on our phones.
  So, don't take the camera in your pocket for granted. It's been years in the making.
  词汇表
  smartphone 智能手机
  set up 设置
  storage 储存
  capture 拍摄,捕捉
  film cameras 胶片相机
  camera obscura 暗箱
  project 投映
  upside down 上下颠倒的
  faint 虚的,不清晰的
  projector 投影仪
  treat (用特殊物质)处理
  colour photo 彩照
  filter 滤镜
  frame 相框
  digital 数字的
  negative 底片
  inverted 颠倒的
  film 胶卷
  expose to 暴露于…
  process 冲洗加工(底片)
  photographic paper 相纸
  develop 冲洗(底片)
  manipulate 处理,修饰
 

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1 projectors c83fdd343934671c4604431c99b02a44     
电影放映机,幻灯机( projector的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Energy projectors fired and peeled off the ships' armor in a flash. 能量投射器开火然后在一阵闪光后剥离了飞船的装甲。
  • All classrooms equipped with computers, projectors, video and audio booth, broadcasting equipment. 全部教室配备电脑、投影仪、视频展台和音响、广播设备。
2 inverted 184401f335d6b8661e04dfea47b9dcd5     
adj.反向的,倒转的v.使倒置,使反转( invert的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Only direct speech should go inside inverted commas. 只有直接引语应放在引号内。
  • Inverted flight is an acrobatic manoeuvre of the plane. 倒飞是飞机的一种特技动作。 来自《简明英汉词典》
3 lengthy f36yA     
adj.漫长的,冗长的
参考例句:
  • We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。
  • The professor wrote a lengthy book on Napoleon.教授写了一部有关拿破仑的巨著。
4 manipulated ae7f4aa7078479da1797ef4a1a637e7b     
熟练控制[操作]( manipulate的过去式和过去分词 ); (暗中)控制,操纵,影响; 正骨; 治疗脱臼
参考例句:
  • The manipulated do not understand them; the manipulators fear them. 受人摆布者不理解他们,摆布别人者害怕他们。
  • They were mere puppets manipulated by other men. 他们只不过是受人操纵的傀儡而已。

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