Health in space太空旅行对健康的影响

时间:2024-03-07 02:25:55

(单词翻译:单击)

Health in space太空旅行对健康的影响

  太空旅行让人体处在极端的环境中,这对人的身体和心理健康都有可能造成伤害。本期 “随身英语” 介绍宇航员在太空中可能遇到的健康问题,并讨论关注宇航员的健康对航空事业和医疗科学发展的意义。
  词汇:space travel 太空旅行
  Astronaut Frank Rubiales has returned to Earth after 371 days in space. It was only supposed to be 180, but a technical fault stopped him from returning as planned. Unlucky for him, but very lucky for scientists who want to see what effects spending an extended time in space has on the human body.
  Being in space can affect both physical and mental health. Weightlessness caused by a lack of gravity can lead to a loss of bone and muscle mass. Astronauts are recommended 150 minutes of exercise per day to counteract1 this. Also, space traveller's eyes can be affected2 by the way that fluids act in zero-gravity. Outside the protection of the Earth's atmosphere, astronauts are exposed to much higher levels and different forms of solar radiation. This can potentially cause long-term health problems, such as cancer.
  It's not just physical health that is affected by being in space. Our mental health can be damaged if we don't get enough sleep. On earth, our bodies respond through circadian rhythms to the Sun rising and setting to help us sleep, but astronauts on board the International Space Station see 16 sunsets and sunrises every day. This means that avoiding sleep deprivation3 is a challenge. Isolation4, and spending all your time with a small group of people can also affect mental health. Along with isolation, is the pressure that comes from being constantly monitored by experts back on Earth. With possible future missions to Mars predicted to last three years, tensions within the crew could become heightened. Astronaut Harry5 Hartfield reports an example of this where a colleague threatened to open the airlock and drain the oxygen from the spacecraft.
  Developing new techniques and technology to support astronauts' health will enable more ambitious future missions. It can also help those of us who are staying on Earth. The Canadian Space Agency is using its expertise6 to improve health care for people living in remote regions. The technology that supports robots used in space is now being used in surgery in normal hospitals, while pressure suits are being used to treat post-pregnancy complications.
  词汇表
  astronaut 宇航员
  technical fault 技术故障
  physical health 身体健康
  mental health 心理健康
  weightlessness 失重状态
  lack of gravity 失重
  muscle mass 肌肉量
  exposed to 使…暴露于
  solar radiation 太阳辐射
  cancer 癌症
  circadian rhythm 昼夜节律
  International Space Station 国际空间站
  sleep deprivation 睡眠不足
  isolation 与世隔绝
  monitored 被监测
  tension 紧张关系,人际矛盾
  airlock 气闸舱
  spacecraft 宇宙飞船
  pressure suit 加压服
  post-pregnancy complication 产后并发症
 

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1 counteract vzlxb     
vt.对…起反作用,对抗,抵消
参考例句:
  • The doctor gave him some medicine to counteract the effect of the poison.医生给他些药解毒。
  • Our work calls for mutual support.We shouldn't counteract each other's efforts.工作要互相支持,不要互相拆台。
2 affected TzUzg0     
adj.不自然的,假装的
参考例句:
  • She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
  • His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。
3 deprivation e9Uy7     
n.匮乏;丧失;夺去,贫困
参考例句:
  • Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
  • Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。
4 isolation 7qMzTS     
n.隔离,孤立,分解,分离
参考例句:
  • The millionaire lived in complete isolation from the outside world.这位富翁过着与世隔绝的生活。
  • He retired and lived in relative isolation.他退休后,生活比较孤寂。
5 harry heBxS     
vt.掠夺,蹂躏,使苦恼
参考例句:
  • Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天,人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
  • Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。
6 expertise fmTx0     
n.专门知识(或技能等),专长
参考例句:
  • We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
  • You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

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