信用卡常用术语1

Cash Card（现金卡）：可以从银行或ATM机提取现金

Cheque Guarantee Card （支票保证卡）

Debit¹ Card（借记卡）

Credit card（信用卡）

Current Account（现金帐户）：用于存（Deposit），取（Withdraw），日常开支，通常利息较低或没有利息。

Saving Account（存款帐户）

Overdraft²（透支）

account number 帐目编号
depositor 存户
pay-in slip 存款单
a deposit form 存款单
a banding machine 自动存取机
to deposit 存款
deposit receipt 存款收据
private deposits 私人存款
certificate of deposit 存单
deposit book, passbook³ 存折
credit card 信用卡
principal 本金
overdraft, overdraw⁴ 透支
to counter sign 双签
to endorse⁵ 背书
endorser⁶ 背书人
to cash 兑现
to honor a cheque 兑付
to dishonor a cheque 拒付
to suspend payment 止付
cheque,check 支票
cheque book 支票本
order cheque 记名支票
bearer cheque 不记名支票
crossed cheque 横线支票
blank cheque 空白支票
rubber cheque 空头支票
cheque stub, counterfoil⁷ 票根
cash cheque 现金支票
traveler s cheque 旅行支票
cheque for transfer 转帐支票
outstanding cheque 未付支票
canceled cheque 已付支票
forged cheque 伪支票
Bandar s note 庄票，银票
balance sheet 资产负债表
cash flow 现金流转
glossary⁸ 术语表
money order 汇款单，汇票
letter of credit n.[商](银行发行的)信用证
charge for 想...收费
overdraw v.透支
overdraft n.透支, 透支之款项
endorse [In5dC:s] v.在(票据)背面签名, 签注(文件), 认可, 签署
liability n.责任, 义务, 倾向, 债务, [负债], 与assets相对
asset n.[资产], 有用的东西
solvent⁹ adj. 有偿付能力的 n.溶媒, 溶剂, 解决方法
securities n.有价证券
time hull¹⁰ insurance 船舶定期保险
marine¹¹ insurance 海损保险
maritime¹² transportation insurance 海洋运输保险
fire insurance 火险
cargo¹³ insurance 货物保险 

Account Number - A unique number assigned by a financial institution to a customer. On a credit card, this number is embossed and encoded on the plastic card.

Additional Cardholder - When you have a credit card, it is often possible to add an additional card to the account for use by someone else. The main cardholder holds responsibility for ensuring payments on the additional card are made. Purchases are shown on the credit card statement, which is sent monthly.

American Express - Also known as AMEX, this company is one of the main international credit card issuing schemes. It issues its own credit cards—unlike Visa and MasterCard—and is responsible for its own relationships with retailers¹⁶.

Annual Fee- An annual (yearly) fee associated with having a credit card. This is a separate fee from interest rate on purchases.

Annual Percentage Rate (APR)- The yearly percentage rate charged when a balance is held on a credit card. This rate is applied¹⁷ each month that an outstanding balance is present.

Approval Response - An authorization¹⁸ response that is received when a transaction is approved.

ATM - Automated¹⁹ Teller²⁰ Machines or cash points allow you to access cash with a credit card or other card associated with your bank account. You need to enter your personal identification number (PIN) into the machine to access cash.

Authentication²¹ - The process of assuring that data has come from its claimed source, or a process of corroborating²² the claimed identity of a communicating party.

Authorization - Every retailer¹⁵ has a purchase limit above which they must seek authorization from the card issuer before they can complete the sale. Such authorization can be done by telephone or electronically at the cash till. Authorization is used to control credit card fraud. The cardholder’s available credit limit is reduced by the authorized²³ amount. 

Authorization Amount - Currency amount approved.

Authorization Code - A code that an issuer or its authorizing²⁴ processor provides to indicate approval or denial for an authorization request. 

Authorization Date - Date and time when the transaction was authorized.

Authorization Only - A transaction that is created to reserve an amount against a credit card’s available limit for intended purchases; the actual settlement may occur within three to five days, depending on the card type. 

Authorized Amount - Currency amount approved.

Authorized Transaction - Transaction that has been approved.

Balance Transfer - When the outstanding balance of one credit card (or several credit cards) is moved to another credit card account.

Balance Transfer Fee - A fee charged by a credit card company to transfer a balance from one account to another. This fee can be anywhere from 1%-5% of the balance amount. However, many credit card companies do not charge this fee. Contact the credit card issuer for their specific fees.

Bad Credit - A term used to describe a poor credit rating. Common practices that can damage a credit rating include making late payments, skipping payments, exceeding card limits or declaring bankruptcy²⁵. “Bad Credit” can result in being denied future credit.

Bank Account - Bank account number for the merchant to which funds will be deposited.

Bank Identification Number (BIN) - The first six digits²⁶ of a Visa or MasterCard account number. This number is used to identify the card-issuing institution.

Bankcard - A payment card issued by a bank.

Billing Cycle - The time between billing statements, usually 28-31 days. 

Business Card (Business Credit Card) - Usually issued to corporate²⁷ executives or business owners in order to more easily keep business expenses separate from personal charges.

Card Issuer - Any association member financial institution, bank, credit union, or company that issues, or causes to be issued, plastic cards to cardholders. 

Card Reader - A device that is capable of reading the encoding on plastic cards. 

Cardholder - An individual to whom a card is issued, or who is authorized to use an issued card.

Cash Advance - A cash loan from a credit card using an ATM or bank withdrawal²⁸. 

Cash Back - Cash back returns to you a percentage of the total amount spent on your credit card over a specific period of time, usually monthly or quarterly. This feature is particularly useful if you normally pay your credit card bills in full each month, as it means you get an effective discount on the products bought with your credit card.

Chargeback - A transaction returned through interchange by an issuer to an acquirer. A transaction may be returned because of it was non-compliant with the association rules and regulations or because it was disputed by a cardholder. 

Chargeback Period - The number of days from the transaction’s processing date or endorsement²⁹ date, during which the issuer may initiate³⁰ a chargeback. 

Co-Branded Card - A co-branded credit card is sponsored by both the issuing bank and a retail¹⁴ organization, such as a department store or an airline. Cardholders may get benefits, such as discounts or free merchandise, from the sponsoring merchant, based on account usage and terms.

Commercial Cards - A general name for cards typically issued for business use and which may include Corporate Cards, Purchase Cards, Business Cards, Travel and Entertainment Cards.

Credit Card Number - Unique number assigned to a credit card.

Credit Limit - How much total money can be charged to a credit card account, for example $5,000. 

Credit History - A partial profile of your financial life, given within a particular timeframe (usually measured in years). Your credit history shows the extent to which you pay your bills on time and how much you may owe particular parties. Credit card issuers use this information to decide whether to provide customers with credit cards.

Debit - A charge to a customer’s bankcard account. A transaction, such as a check, automated teller machine (ATM) withdrawal or point-of-sale (POS) debit purchase that debits³¹ a demand deposit account.

Expired Card - A card on which the embossed, encoded or printed expiration³² date has passed. 

Finance Charge - Fees and other costs billed to you on your statement for using the credit cards (i.e., balance transfer fees, cash advance fees, late fees, overlimit fees, etc.).

Fixed³³ Rate (or Fixed APR) -An annual percentage rate that does not change throughout the year, unlike an introductory APR that changes after a specific period of time.

Floor Limit - An amount that Visa and MasterCard have established for single transactions at specific types of merchant outlets³⁴ and branches, above which authorization is required. 

Fraudulent Transaction - A transaction unauthorized by the cardholder of a bankcard. Such transactions are categorized as lost, stolen, not received, issued on a fraudulent application, counterfeit³⁵, fraudulent processing of transactions, account takeover or other fraudulent conditions as defined by the card company or the member company.