历史上的今天:10月28日

Today's Highlight in History:
On October 28th, 1958, the Roman Catholic patriarch（家长，元老） of Venice, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, was elected Pope; he took the name John the 23rd.

On this date:
In 1636, Harvard College was founded in Massachusetts.

In 1793, Eli Whitney applied¹ for a patent for his cotton gin（轧棉机） (the patent was granted the following March).

In 1886, the Statue of Liberty, a gift from the people of France, was dedicated² in New York Harbor by President Cleveland.

In 1919, Congress enacted³（制定，颁布） the Volstead Act, which provided for enforcement of Prohibition⁴, over President Wilson's veto（否决权）.

In 1922, fascism（法西斯主义） came to Italy as Benito Mussolini took control of the government.

In 1936, President Roosevelt rededicated the Statue of Liberty on its 50th anniversary.

In 1940, Italy invaded Greece during World War Two.

In 1962, Soviet⁵ leader Nikita Khrushchev informed the United States that he had ordered the dismantling⁶（拆卸，分解） of Soviet missile bases in Cuba.

In 1965, Pope Paul the Sixth issued a decree（法令，判决） absolving⁷（赦免） Jews of collective guilt⁸ for the crucifixion（十字架） of Jesus Christ.

In 1980, President Carter and Republican presidential nominee⁹ Ronald Reagan faced off in a nationally broadcast, 90-minute debate in Cleveland.

Ten years ago: In a surprise move, Iraq said it was halting gasoline rationing¹⁰（定量供应） imposed earlier in response to global economic sanctions.

Five years ago: The Atlanta Braves defeated the Cleveland Indians, 1-0, to win the World Series in Game 6. The Senate approved a GOP package of spending slashes¹¹ and tax reductions, 52-to-47.

One year ago: Five Republican presidential hopefuls debated such issues as abortion¹², health care and taxes in their second meeting in less than a week; once again, front-runner George W. Bush was absent from the gathering¹³ in New Hampshire. The House passed, 218-to-211, the last spending bill of the year, which President Clinton said he would veto.