历史上的今天:11月08日

Today's Highlight in History:
On November eighth, 1960, Massachusetts（马萨诸塞州） Senator John F. Kennedy defeated Vice¹ President Richard M. Nixon for the presidency².

On this date:
In 1837, Mount Holyoke Seminary, a college exclusively（排他地） for women, opened in South Hadley, Massachusetts.

In 1889, Montana（蒙大拿州） became the 41st state.

In 1923, Adolf Hitler launched his first attempt at seizing power with a failed coup³（妙计，政变） in Munich, Germany, the "Beer-Hall Putsch."

In 1932, New York Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated incumbent⁴ Herbert Hoover for the presidency.

In 1933, President Roosevelt created the Civil Works Administration, designed to create jobs for more than four million unemployed⁵.

In 1942, Operation "Torch" began during World War Two as US and British forces landed in French North Africa.

In 1950, during the Korean conflict, the first jet-plane battle took place as US Air Force Lieutenant⁶ Russell J. Brown shot down a North Korean MiG-15.

In 1966, Ronald Reagan was elected governor of California.

In 1988, Vice President George Bush won the presidential election, defeating Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis.

In 1994, midterm elections（期中选举） resulted in Republicans winning a majority in the Senate while at the same time gaining control of the House for the first time in 40 years.

Ten years ago: President Bush ordered a new round of troop deployments in the Persian Gulf⁷, adding up to 150-thousand soldiers to the multinational⁸ force facing off against Iraq.

Five years ago: Retired⁹ General Colin Powell embraced the Republican Party, but said he would not run for president or any other political office in 1996 because it was "a calling that I do not yet hear."

One year ago: Israeli and Palestinian negotiators launched landmark¹⁰ talks, giving themselves an ambitious（热望的，有抱负的） 100-day deadline to craft the broad outlines of a peace agreement. Former President Bush was honored in Germany for his role in the fall of the Berlin Wall ten years earlier. President Clinton participated in a "virtual town hall meeting" on the Internet, answering questions from pre-screened online users.