教育部发布未成年人学校保护意见稿

教育部近日发布公告，就《未成年人学校保护规定(征求意见稿)》公开征求意见。

 

The draft guideline designed to protect minors¹ from sexual harassment², assault and bullying³ at primary and secondary schools and has asked schools to adopt a zero-tolerance approach to such incidents.

意见稿就预防学生在校被欺凌、性侵、侵害等多方面保护机制进行了明确规定，要求学校建立对学生欺凌、性侵害、性骚扰行为的零容忍处理机制。

 

意见稿中有关特别保护的规定还包括：

 

Teachers should immediately intervene and stop students from bullying others via physical or verbal assaults, giving insulting nicknames, damaging others' property, isolating⁴ classmates and spreading rumors⁵, the guideline said.

教职工发现学生有身体侵害或言语侵害他人、起侮辱性绰号、故意毁坏他人财物、孤立或散播谣言等行为的，应当及时制止。

 

They should report instances of bullying to school authorities, who should launch an investigation⁶ and punish culprits if allegations are verified.

教职工发现欺凌行为的应当及时向学校报告，学校接到举报投诉，应当立即开展调查，认为可能构成欺凌的，应当及时处置。

 

Schools should not conceal⁷ serious bullying incidents and should report them to local police and education authorities.

对违反治安管理或者涉嫌犯罪等严重欺凌行为，学校不得隐瞒，应当及时向公安机关、教育行政部门报告。

 

They should conduct rigorous background checks and annual reviews of faculty⁸, volunteers and social workers to determine whether they are fit to work with minors. Education authorities should work with other departments to improve a black list of those banned from being teachers and make the list more accessible.

学校应当按照规定对教职工、志愿者、社工等进行入职审查并且每学年开展核查，以确定其是否适合从事未成年人教育工作。教育行政部门应当会同有关部门健全教职工从业禁止人员名单和查询机制。

 

此外，意见稿还就人身安全、人格权益、受教育权等多项权益保护作了规定。

 

Schools are prohibited from organizing students to participate in emergency rescue, disaster relief, or commercial activities.

学校不得组织、安排学生从事抢险救灾或者商业性活动。

 

Schools should not release test scores or rankings of students, nor should they publicize results of admission to higher-level schools.

学校不得公开学生个人的考试成绩、名次，不得对外宣传学生升学情况。

 

Schools pertaining⁹ to compulsory¹⁰ education should not deprive students of their right to education by means of long-term suspension or dissuasion¹¹, and should not expel students in any way.

义务教育学校不得以长期停课、劝退等方式，剥夺学生受教育权，不得开除或者变相开除学生。

 

Schools should make routine schedules for students in a scientific and reasonable way to ensure tangible¹² opportunity and time for students to participate in recreational activities and physical exercises.

学校应当科学合理安排学生在校作息时间，保证学生有休息、参加文娱活动和体育锻炼的机会和时间。

 

Schools should establish a monitoring system for the physical fitness of students. If any indications of malnourishment, myopia and obesity¹³ or unfavorable habits that may lead to decline in physical fitness are detected, schools should step in and offer help in time.

学校应当建立学生体质监测制度，发现学生出现营养不良、近视、肥胖等倾向或者有导致体质下降的不良行为习惯，应当及时进行管理、干预。

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