为什么会有“突破病例”？

近期在国内引发新一波本土疫情的德尔塔毒株传播速度更快，传染性更强，引发了不少人的担忧。新冠疫苗对变异株的有效性如何？为什么打过疫苗还会被感染？

 

在近日的国务院联防联控机制召开新闻发布会上，中国疾控中心研究员、科研攻关组疫苗研发专班专家组成员邵一鸣对此做出回应。

 

邵一鸣表示，

 

It is not surprising to see breakthrough infections－people who contract the virus at least 14 days after being fully¹ vaccinated²－because no vaccine³ is capable of totally preventing people from catching⁴ the virus.

完成疫苗接种至少14天后又被感染的病例被称为“突破病例”，这并不是例外，因为没有疫苗能够百分之百防止人们感染病毒。

 

至于新冠疫苗对变异毒株的有效性，邵一鸣介绍：

 

"All COVID-19 vaccines⁵ around the world are evaluated based on their efficacy in preventing clinical disease, as well as their role in reducing serious cases and deaths," he said, adding that against these barometers⁶, no marked difference has been found in domestic vaccines' effects on key mutations.

全球各条技术路线的疫苗有效性评估都是基于其在防止入院及减少重症和死亡病例方面的效果，在这个评判标准下，国内疫苗对几个主要变异毒株的有效性并没有显著变化。

 

He added that an irrefutable benefit of vaccination⁷ lies in that it can always trigger robust⁸ "basic immunity⁹" and protective memory cells in human bodies.

疫苗接种一个不可否认的益处在于，疫苗可以触发强有力的“基础免疫”并唤起人体内的保护记忆细胞。

 

If immunity against the virus wanes¹⁰ in the long run, these memory cells can be "reawakened effectively" by delivering a booster shot and this will "produce very good protective effects", Shao said.

如果在比较长的时间后，身体对病毒的免疫能力逐渐下降，可以通过注射加强针重新唤起体内的这些记忆细胞，并产生非常好的保护效果。

 

暂无全人群加强针接种必要

 

国际上有部分国家明确为民众提供新冠疫苗加强针的接种，我国是否有考虑？对此，邵一鸣回应称：

 

"For the general population who have been vaccinated within a year, there is no need to obtain a booster shot for now," he said.

对已完成免疫接种一年以内的普通人群，暂无必要进行加强针接种。

 

Whether or not people with weak immune systems, such as the elderly and those suffering chronic¹¹ illnesses, as well as workers at higher risk of contracting the virus or people planning to travel to high-risk areas need a booster dose six to 12 months after initial immunization, and when a booster shot should be rolled out are being researched.

对完成免疫超过6—12个月且免疫功能较弱的老年人和有基础性疾病的患者，以及因工作需要去往高风险地区工作的人员等人群，是否有必要开展加强针，以及什么时间开展加强针的接种，正在进行研究。

 

疫苗接种必须和严格的防控措施并用

 

邵一鸣表示，

 

Many countries, despite their high vaccination coverage¹² rates, are grappling with a resurgence¹³ of outbreaks due to a rush to relax anti-virus policies, such as wearing masks and maintaining social distancing.

虽然很多国家疫苗接种率已经很高了，但是在放宽戴口罩和保持社交距离等疫情控制措施之后，仍然出现了大幅度的疫情反弹。

 

"This shows that inoculation¹⁴ must be used in conjunction with strict disease control measures," he said, calling on the public to continue practicing personal protective protocols¹⁵.

这说明，疫苗接种必须和严格的防控措施并用，请大家继续维持个人的防护措施。

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