形容词、副词语法详解

大多数的形容词、副词都有三个等级：

　　原级：
　　比较级： 比较...，更...一些
　　最高级： 最...

　　（A）构成

　　1.规则情况
　　单音节词和少数双音节词: 一般情况加er, est，如 clever-cleverer-cleverest
　　以字母e结尾的词，加r, st，如nice-nicer-nicest
　　重读闭音节、末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写加er, est，如big-bigger-biggest 
　　以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i加er, est，如 early-earlier-earliest
　　部分双音节和多音节词，在词前加more, most，如slowly-more slowly²-most slowly

　　2.不规则变化，须熟记：
　　good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthest
　　bad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less³-least

　　(B)常见的使用情况

　　1.as⁴ … as … 和...一样（中间用原级）
　　2.not as(so) … as 和...不一样（中间用原级）
　　3… than …. ..比...（用比较级）
　　4.有范围修饰的用最高级 如:in, of, among⁵或用从句修饰的
　　　eg.⑴Winter is the coldest season of the year.
　　　　 ⑵This is the best film that I have ever¹ seen⁶ .
　　5.比较级+and+比较级 意为“越来越…...” 
　　　eg: wetter and wetter more and more beautiful
　　6. The+比较级，the+比较级 越…...就越…...
　　　eg:The more, the better. 越多越好

　　(C)注意点：
　　1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。
　　2.可用much, a little, even⁷, still等修饰比较级。
　　3.在比较级中为了避免重复，在than后常用one,that,those等词来替代前面提到过的名词。
　　　eg:The weather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.

　　(D)掌握三种同义句转换：
　　1.He is taller than any other student in his class.
　　　=He is the tallest (student)in his class.

　　2.This film is less interesting than that one.
　　　=This film isn＇t as interesting as that one.
　　　=That film is more interesting than this one.

　　3.I prefer⁸ maths to English.
　　　=I like maths better than English.

　　96中考题：
　　Which do you like _____, fish, meat _____ eggs?
　　A.best, or B.better,or C.best, and D.better,and

　　此外，关于形容词、副词的内容同学们还须掌握：
　　1.形容词修饰名词作定语，跟在连系动词之后作表语。
　　2.副词修饰动词、形容词或其它副词
　　　enough属例外词：形/副+enough to do enough+名词，如：
　　　she is old enough to go to school. 她够上学的年龄了。
　　3.区别几组易混淆的副词:
　　“也”：too用于肯定、疑问句
　　　　　　also 较为正式书面语
　　　　　　either⁹ 用于否定句

　　“已经”：already 常用于肯定句、疑问句
　　　　　　　yet¹⁰ 常用于否定句、疑问句
　　“不再”：no (not any) longer 从时间上讲
　　　　　　　no (not any) more 从动作上讲

　　“如此、这样”：such 修饰名词 eg: such¹¹ a big box
　　　　　　　　　　so 修饰形容词、副词 eg: so big

　　“单独、独自”：alone 作表语 =by oneself¹²
　　　　　　　　　　孤独的 lonely¹³ 可作表语、定语
　　　eg:A group of girls are singing and dancing ______ over there. (happy) 


　　练习题
　　1.The students are having a good time in the park.
　　Some are drawing¹⁴ by the lake. _____ are climbing the hill.
　　A.Others¹⁵ B. Other C. Another D.The other

　　2.There isn＇t _____ in today＇s newspaper.
　　A. important¹⁶ something B. important anything
　　C. anything important D. nothing important

　　3.-Whose watch is this, Mary? Is it your sister＇s?
　　   -No,Mum. It＇s not ______. It＇s ______.
　　　A.hers, my B. her, my C. Mine, hers D.hers, mine

　　思考题
　　1.The Changjiang River is the third _____ river in the world.
　　A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest

　　2. An elephant is _____ than a horse.
　　A.more strong B. much stronger C. the most strong D. much more strong

　　3. Which do you like _____, tea, orange or water?
　　A.good B.Well C. Better D. Best