GMAT新黄金80题及范文(一)g

13. “Responsibility for preserving the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, not to government.”
“保护自然环境的责任完全属于每个个人，而非政府。” 
1，       个人往往是按照自己的利益办事即使有环保意愿但和个人利益冲突或要损失个人利益时候往往就会选择牺牲环境moreover个人往往是短视的，只关注眼前不注意长远。政府则相反
2，       环保常常规模很大，个人无力完成。
3，       诚然每个保护环境的措施都是要个人的参与的。但是这种参与是在政府的统筹下的。象作者那样的论断是草率的
a tug¹ of war拔河，两派间的激烈竞争  a political tug of war between those in favor of the new legislation and those against it.
large in scale participation² participate ensure preservation³ individual 
on behalf of 为了 at large 逍遥自在不受限制的；全体地普遍地
Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large.
complete elimination⁴ emission⁵ automobile⁶ nevertheless不过 manufacturer manufacture because voluntarily volunteer voluntary volunteer voluntary voluntarily sacrifice accomplish 
regulatory调整的 enforcement impose necessary standard ensure achieve aside from inherently inherent pandemic全国流行的 epidemic流行的  traverse border environment environmental hazard enemy analysis authority authoritative⁷ possess attainment⁸ agreed-upon 意见一致的
 
1， The proponents⁹ of this assertion may argue that the natural environment ultimately belongs to each individual person, therefore, it is reasonable to attribute to each person the responsibility for preserving it. a, 必须要承认的是，我们共同使用环境资源，the condition of the environment may have directly effect on each person。所以，人人都has the obligation to protect the environment from being polluted. b, 只有人人都积极地保护环境，
2， However, to leave all the responsibility to individuals is hardly a wise decision. Despite of the argument above, we should still not lose the sight of the fact that individuals have strong propensity¹⁰ of self-interest and short-term consideration. 没有政府的监督，很少有人自愿作出牺牲以保护环境（voluntarily make sacrifice to protect the environment.）比如如果政府不forbidden smoking in public，smokers may enjoy their cigarettes whenever they want. Deforestation kill excessively
很多情况下，重大fatal的保护环境举措，没有政府的支持做不到。比如工厂dumping noxious¹¹ water into the river/ deforestation/ kill excessively…以上那些行动，个人的力量根本不能阻止prohibit. 
 
Optional words: 
Preserve/ conserve/ maintain
Thesis sentence: While individual person can do a lot to protect our natural environment, the responsibility of preservation the overall environment lies in the hands of government with help form each individual in the society.
View1: Experience tells us that individuals tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large.
 
View2:the government has certain advantages in preserving the environment.
Evidence:
the government can place certain regulations on the wastes and pollutants¹² towards environment emitted by industries.
Fines deprived from corporations and individual ones that disobey the environmental regulations can be used on many ways such as preserve the forests, planting trees, create conserved¹³ areas that will improve our current situations. 
 
While nearly everyone would agree in principle that certain efforts to preserve the natural environment are in humankind’s best interest, environmental issues always involve a tug of war (n. 拔河, 两派间的激烈竞争) among conflicting political and economic interests. For this reason, and because serious environmental problems are generally large in scale, government participation is needed to ensure environmental preservation.
Experience tells us that individuals (and private corporations owned by individuals) tend to act on behalf of their own short-term economic and political interest, not on behalf of the environment or the public at large. For example, current technology makes possible the complete elimination of polluting emissions¹⁴ from automobiles¹⁵. Nevertheless, neither automobile manufacturers nor consumers are willing or able to voluntarily make the short-term sacrifices necessary to accomplish this goal. Only the government holds the regulatory and enforcement power to impose the necessary standards and to ensure that we achieve such goals.
Aside from the problems of self-interest and enforcement, environmental issues inherently involve public health and are far too pandemic in nature for individuals to solve on their own. Many of the most egregious¹⁶ environmental violations¹⁷ traverse state and sometimes national borders. Environmental hazards are akin¹⁸ to those involving food and drug safety and to protecting borders against enemies; individuals have neither the power nor the resources to address these widespread hazards.
In the final analysis, only the authority and scope of power that a government possesses can ensure the attainment of agreed-upon environmental goals. Because individuals are incapable¹⁹ of assuming this responsibility, government must do so.