1998年1月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
时间：2006-09-07 08:22:22
（单词翻译:单击）
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was s aid. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four suggested answers marked A)，B)，C)and D) and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)"5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］
1. A) Swimming. B) Playing tennis. C) Boating. D) Playing table tennis.
2. A) She is going to Finland. B) She has visitors next week.
C) She has guests at her home. D) She has just visited him this week.
3. A) Get some coins at the cafe. B) Buy her a cup of coffee at the cafe.
C) Get some coffee from the machine. D) Try to fix the machine.
4. A) They spent three hundred dollars on their vacation.
B) They drew money than they should have from the bank.
C) They lost their bankbook.
D) They had only three hundred dollars in the bank.
5. A) To find out her position in the company.
B) To apply for a job.
C) To offer her a position in the company.
D) To make an appointment with the sales manager.
6. A) He is surprised. B) He feels very happy.
C) He is indifferent. D) He feels very angry.
7. A) He hasn't cleaned his room since Linda visited him.
B) Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him.
C) He's been too busy to clean his room.
D) Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do.
8. A) She is a generous woman by nature. B) It doesn't have a back cover.
C) She feels the man's apology is enough. D) It is no longer of any use to her.
9. A) To remind him of the data he should take to the conference.
B) To see if he is ready for the coming conference.
C) To tell him something about the conference.
D) To help him prepare for the conference.
10. A) The long wait.
B) The broken?down computer.
C) The mistakes in her telephone bill.
D) The bad telephone service.
Section B
Directions: In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At t he end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). The mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to l3 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) About 45 million. B) About 50 million.
C) About 5.4 million. D) About 4.5 million.
12. A) The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance.
B) The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities.
C) They exist only in small communities.
D) They only put on shows that are educational.
13. A) It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free.
B) It provides them with the opportunity to make friends.
C) It gives them the chance to do something creative.
D) It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to l6 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) They are usually more clever.
B) They get tired easily.
C) They are more likely to make minor2 mental errors.
D) They are more skillful in handling equipment.
15. A) It had its limitations.
B) Its results were regarded as final.
C) It was supported by the government.
D) It was not sound theoretically.
16. A) Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.
B) The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.
C) The probability of their getting excited easily.
D) Their slowness in responding.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) 18 American undergraduates. B) 18 American postgraduates3.
C) 18 overseas undergraduates. D) 18 overseas postgraduates.
18. A) Family relations. B) social problems.
C) Family planning. D) Personal matters.
19. A) Red. B) Blue. C) Green. D) Purple.
20. A) The five questions were not well designed.
B) Not all the questionnaires were returned.
C) Only a small number of students were surveyed.
D) Some of the answers to the questionnaire were not valid4.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes )
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). you should dicide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin?deep. One's physical asset s and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not?so?beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conslusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically5 attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un?American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting6 just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group- college students, or teachers or corporate7 personel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments8. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some s how a strikingly attractive person, some an average?looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire9(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive.
21. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as
a manager _____.
A) a person's preoperty or debts do not matter much
B) a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C) women should always dress fashionably
D) women should not only be attractive but also high?minded
22. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ______.
A) people do not realize the importance of looking one's best
B) women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C) good?looking women aspire to managerial positions
D) attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
23. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on
certain attributes ______.
A) they observe the principle that beauty is only skin?deep
B) they do not usually act according to the views they support
C) they give ordinary?looking persons the lowest ratings
D) they tend to base their judgment10 on the individual's accomplishments
24. "Good looks cut both ways for women"(Line 1, Para.5) means that _______.
A) attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
B) good?looking women always get the best of everything
C) being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D) attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
25. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _____.
A) handsome men are not affected11 as much by their looks as attractive women are
B) physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C) physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along
quite well
D) good looks are important for women as they are for men
Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population , the factory farming industry also argues that "hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry12(家禽) industry". In fact, rather than helping13 the fight against malnutrition14(营养不良) in "hungry nations,"the spread of factory farming has, inevitably15 aggravated16 the problem.
Large?scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources.
This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal's process of digestion17 and cell replacement18. Neither, in the ca se of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.
This means one has to feed approximately 9--10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous19. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life .
Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational20 company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain's largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.
Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourge it. In 1979 , a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix21 Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.
But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed22. Such chicken?raising demands capital for building and machinery23, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine?relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh's main import s is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?
26. In this passage the author argues that _____.
A) efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry
B) raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain
C) factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries
D) hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry
27. According to the author,in factory,vegetable food ______.
A) is easy for chickens to digest.
B) is insufficient24 for the needs of poultry
C) is fully25 utilised in meat and egg production
D) is inefficiently26 converted into meat and eggs
28. Western governments encourage the poultry industry in Asia because th ey regard it
as an effective way to __________.
A) boost their own exports
B) alleviate27 malnutrition in Asian countries
C) create job opportunities in Asian countries
D) promote the exports of Asian countries
29. The word"carcass"(Line 2, Para.3) most probably means"__________ ".
A) vegetables preserved for future use
B) the dead body of an animal ready to be cut into meat
C) expensive food that consumers can hardly afford
D) meat canned for future consumption
30. What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _________ .
A) detailed28 analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B) great appreciation29 of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh
C) critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D) practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates31 from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.
Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.
Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva32(唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil?smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide(硫 化物).
Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen?rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulrue?producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic"morning breath".
Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise?anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it's not understood why. Some people's breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively33 few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us, the simple, dry?mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured . Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.
Those with chronic34 dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry?mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad? breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don't necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus(粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol-as most do-it can intensify35 the problem by drying out the mouth.
31. The phrase "emanate30 from"in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".
A) thrive on B) account for
C) originate from D) descend36 from
32. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
A) Tooth trouble B) Sulfur37?rich food.
C) Too much exercise. D) Mental strain.
33. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because
______.
A) it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B) its smell adds to bad dreath
C) it kills some helpful bacteria
D) it affects the normal flow of saliva
34. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because _______.
A) they can't mask the bad odor long enough
B) they can't get to all the offending bacteria
C) their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse.
D) they can't cover the thick layers of mucus
35. We can infer from this passage that __________.
A) offensive breath can't easily be cured
B) elderly people are less offended by bad breath
C) heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
D) offensive breath is less affected by alcohol
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
"Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major Credit cards accepted!"
By the millions they are coming?no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masslonging for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We don't have a budget, " says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City's South Street. "We just use our credit cards."
The U.S. has long been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U.S., still the world's superpower, can also claim to be the world's bargain basement(廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail38 prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. That's up from $74 billion the year before.
True, not everyone comes just for brains. There remains39 an undeniable fascination40 in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood film s and U.S. television series. But shopping the U.S.A. is proving irresistible41. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge(无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Par1 k or sunbathing42 on a beach in Florida.
The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: t he pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but is does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit43 at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveller versus44 the American s' four nights and $298.
36. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her_______.
A) are reluctant to carry cash with them
B) simply don't care how much they spend
C) are not good at planning their expenditure45
D) often spend more money than they can afford
37. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that __________.
A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U.S.
B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U.S.
C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that year
D) tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year
38. By saying "nobody undersells America" (Line 4, Para.3), the author means that ____.
A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products
B) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities
C) nobody restrains the selling of American goods
D) no other country sells at a lower price that America
39. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating t o foreigners?
A) Because they have gained much publicity46 through the American media.
B) Because they represent the world's latest fashions.
C) Because they embody47 the most sophisticated technology.
D) Because they are available at all tourist destinations.
40. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize __ ________.
A) the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficits48
B) the lower the retail prices, the greater the profits
C) tourism can make great contributions to its economy
D) visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer She et with a single line through the centre.
41. His career was not noticeably ______by the fact that h e had never been to college.
A) prevented B) prevented C) hindered D) refrained
42. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ______ in deeper.
A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked
43. To ____ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.
A) commence B) compromise C) compensate50 D) compliment
44. All visitors are requested to __________ with the regulations.
A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent
45. The captain __________ the horizon for approaching ships.
A) scanned B) scrutinized51 C) explored D) swept
46. The vast majority of people in any given culture will _____established standards of
that culture.
A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm
47. Although he was on a diet, the food __________ him enormously.
A) inspired B) tempted52 C) overcame D) encouraged
48. His argument does not suggest that mankind can _____ to be wasteful53 in the
utilization54 of these resources.
A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle
49. If you want this pain killer55, you'll have to ask the doctor for a ______.
A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription56 D) prescription57
50. Some fish have a greater __________ for acid water than others.
A) tolerance58 B) resistance C) dependence59 D) persietence
51. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _____ with
its surroundings.
A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance
52. The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.
A) payment B) obligation C) option D) penalty
53. It is true that____ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much
research time.
A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating
54. The government has devoted60 a larger slice of its national ______ to agriculture than
most other countries.
A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy
55. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is ______.
A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment61
56. Some criminals were printing __________ dollar bills until they were arrested.
A) decent B) fake C) patent D) suspicious
57. Mr. Bloom is not __________ now, but he will be famous someday.
A) significant B) dominant62 C) magnificent D) prominent
58. His body temperature has been _____ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5
degree centigrade.
A) uncommon63 B) disordered C) abnormal D) extraordinary
59. He seems to be __________ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour.
A) radiant B) conscientious64 C) conspicuous65 D) energetic
60. Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more __________ to
light than are human eyes.
A) glowing B) brilliant C) sensitive D) gloomy
61. While nuclear weapons present grave __________ dangers, the predominant crisis of
overpopulation is with us today.
A) inevitable66 B) constant C) overwhelming D) potential
62. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
A) true B) original C) real D) genuine
63. Comparison and contrast are often used __________ in advertisements.
A) intentionally67 B) pertinently68 C) incidentally D) tiresomely69
64. A complete investigation70 into the causes of the accident should lead to improved
standards and should __________ new operating procedures.
A) result is B) match with C) subject to D) proceed with
65. ______ popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity71
that only a genius can create.
A) Subject to B) Contrary to C) Familiar to D) Similar to
66. The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six very
different countries?across Antarctica; we proved in the end that we weren't very
different __________.
A) for all B) as usual C) in particular D) after all
67. Though her parents __________ her musical ability, Jerrilo u's piano playing is
really terrible.
A) pour scorn on B) heap praise upon C) give vent49 to D) cast light upon
68. Some children display an __________ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.
A) incredible B) infectious C) incompatible72 D) inaccessible73
69. Bruce Stephen gripped the __________ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.
A) stirring B) driving C) steering74 D) revolving75
70. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged____how great their achievements are.
A) in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of
Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions (15 minutes )
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people?the kind who have staffs to take care of life's daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses(矫饰) and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, w e all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river.
I believe that in life?as well as on boat trips teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s.
I'm persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play o n a number of teams in our lives-as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member.
For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare76 between labor77 and management. Distrust ran so hight at the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky78 legal terms. GM spent mill ions trying to keep the facility up to date, but productivity and quality were continually poor. Absenteeism(旷工) was so out of control that the production line couldn't even start up on some mornings. Finally in the early 1980s, GM shut down the plant.
GM became convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork. In the mid79?1980s it reopened the Fremont plant with Toyota, starting from scratch(从零开始) with a much simpler and shorter labor contract. It promise d that executive salaries would be reduced and jobs performed by outside sellers would be given to employees before any layoffs80 were considered. Over a hundred job clssifications were cut to just two. Instead of doing one boring job over an d over, workers agreed to be part of small teams, spending equal time on various tasks.
Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个 英语单词，标点符号不占格。)
S1.What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S2.Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S3.What happened to the New York Knicks in the 1980s?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S4.What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S5.What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes t o write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害
2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品
附：1998年1月大学英语六级考试参考答案
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
1-10 B B A B B C A D D A
11-20 D A C C A B D D B C
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
21.B 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.C
31.C 32.D 33.D 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.C
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary Structure
41.C 42.D 43.C 44.A 45.A 46.B 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.A
51.B 52.D 53.C 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.D 58.C 59.D 60.C
61.D 62.B 63.A 64.A 65.B 66.D 67.B 68.A 69.C 70.D
Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions
S1.They were used to being spoiled and indulged.
S2.Because the river is full of twists and turns.
S3.It was in adversity.
S4.Distrust and lack of teamwork.
S5.The spirit of teamwork.
Part Ⅴ Writing(略)
Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was s aid. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause， you must read the four suggested answers marked A)，B)，C)and D) and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read: A) 2 hours. B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours. D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D)"5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose ［D］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer ［A］［B］［C］［D］
1. A) Swimming. B) Playing tennis. C) Boating. D) Playing table tennis.
2. A) She is going to Finland. B) She has visitors next week.
C) She has guests at her home. D) She has just visited him this week.
3. A) Get some coins at the cafe. B) Buy her a cup of coffee at the cafe.
C) Get some coffee from the machine. D) Try to fix the machine.
4. A) They spent three hundred dollars on their vacation.
B) They drew money than they should have from the bank.
C) They lost their bankbook.
D) They had only three hundred dollars in the bank.
5. A) To find out her position in the company.
B) To apply for a job.
C) To offer her a position in the company.
D) To make an appointment with the sales manager.
6. A) He is surprised. B) He feels very happy.
C) He is indifferent. D) He feels very angry.
7. A) He hasn't cleaned his room since Linda visited him.
B) Linda is the only person who ever comes to see him.
C) He's been too busy to clean his room.
D) Cleaning is the last thing he wants to do.
8. A) She is a generous woman by nature. B) It doesn't have a back cover.
C) She feels the man's apology is enough. D) It is no longer of any use to her.
9. A) To remind him of the data he should take to the conference.
B) To see if he is ready for the coming conference.
C) To tell him something about the conference.
D) To help him prepare for the conference.
10. A) The long wait.
B) The broken?down computer.
C) The mistakes in her telephone bill.
D) The bad telephone service.
Section B
Directions: In this section， you will hear 3 short passages. At t he end of each passage， you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). The mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to l3 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) About 45 million. B) About 50 million.
C) About 5.4 million. D) About 4.5 million.
12. A) The actors and actresses are not paid for their performance.
B) The actors and actresses only perform in their own communities.
C) They exist only in small communities.
D) They only put on shows that are educational.
13. A) It provides them with the opportunity to watch performances for free.
B) It provides them with the opportunity to make friends.
C) It gives them the chance to do something creative.
D) It gives them a chance to enjoy modern art.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to l6 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) They are usually more clever.
B) They get tired easily.
C) They are more likely to make minor2 mental errors.
D) They are more skillful in handling equipment.
15. A) It had its limitations.
B) Its results were regarded as final.
C) It was supported by the government.
D) It was not sound theoretically.
16. A) Their lack of concentration resulting from mental stress.
B) The lack of consideration for them in equipment design.
C) The probability of their getting excited easily.
D) Their slowness in responding.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) 18 American undergraduates. B) 18 American postgraduates3.
C) 18 overseas undergraduates. D) 18 overseas postgraduates.
18. A) Family relations. B) social problems.
C) Family planning. D) Personal matters.
19. A) Red. B) Blue. C) Green. D) Purple.
20. A) The five questions were not well designed.
B) Not all the questionnaires were returned.
C) Only a small number of students were surveyed.
D) Some of the answers to the questionnaire were not valid4.
Part ⅡReading Comprehension (35 minutes )
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them the re are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). you should dicide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:
A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin?deep. One's physical asset s and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.
Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not?so?beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conslusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically5 attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.
Un?American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties(虔诚) while acting6 just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group- college students, or teachers or corporate7 personel mangers-a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments8. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some s how a strikingly attractive person, some an average?looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted.
Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Sappho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.
In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire9(追求) to managerial positions do not g et on as well as women who may be less attractive.
21. According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as
a manager _____.
A) a person's preoperty or debts do not matter much
B) a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification
C) women should always dress fashionably
D) women should not only be attractive but also high?minded
22. The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ______.
A) people do not realize the importance of looking one's best
B) women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well
C) good?looking women aspire to managerial positions
D) attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not
23. Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on
certain attributes ______.
A) they observe the principle that beauty is only skin?deep
B) they do not usually act according to the views they support
C) they give ordinary?looking persons the lowest ratings
D) they tend to base their judgment10 on the individual's accomplishments
24. "Good looks cut both ways for women"(Line 1, Para.5) means that _______.
A) attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs
B) good?looking women always get the best of everything
C) being attractive is not always an advantage for women
D) attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions
25. It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world _____.
A) handsome men are not affected11 as much by their looks as attractive women are
B) physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well
C) physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along
quite well
D) good looks are important for women as they are for men
Question 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:
Not content with its doubtful claim to produce cheap food for our own population , the factory farming industry also argues that "hungry nations are benefiting from advances made by the poultry12(家禽) industry". In fact, rather than helping13 the fight against malnutrition14(营养不良) in "hungry nations,"the spread of factory farming has, inevitably15 aggravated16 the problem.
Large?scale intensive meat and poultry production is a waste of food resources.
This is because more protein has to be fed to animals in the form of vegetable matter than can ever be recovered in the form of meat. Much of the food value is lost in the animal's process of digestion17 and cell replacement18. Neither, in the ca se of chicken, can one eat feathers, blood, feet or head. In all, only about 44% of the live animal fits to be eaten as meat.
This means one has to feed approximately 9--10 times as much food value to the animal than one can consume from the carcass. As a system for feeding the hungry, the effects can prove disastrous19. At times of crisis, grain is the food of life .
Nevertheless, the huge increase in poultry production throughout Asia and Africa continues. Normally British or US firms are involved. For instance, an American based multinational20 company has this year announced its involvement in projects in several African countries. Britain's largest suppliers chickens, Ross Breeders, are also involved in projects all over the world.
Because such trade is good for exports, Western governments encourge it. In 1979 , a firm in Bangladesh called Phoenix21 Poultry received a grant to set up a unit of 6,000 chickens and 18,000 laying hens. This almost doubled the number of poultry kept in the country all at once.
But Bangladesh lacks capital, energy and food and has large numbers of unemployed22. Such chicken?raising demands capital for building and machinery23, extensive use of energy resources for automation, and involves feeding chickens with potential famine?relief protein food. At present, one of Bangladesh's main import s is food grains, because the country is unable to grow enough food to feed its population. On what then can they possibly feed the chicken?
26. In this passage the author argues that _____.
A) efficiency must be raised in the poultry industry
B) raising poultry can provide more protein than growing grain
C) factory farming will do more harm than good to developing countries
D) hungry nations may benefit from the development of the poultry industry
27. According to the author,in factory,vegetable food ______.
A) is easy for chickens to digest.
B) is insufficient24 for the needs of poultry
C) is fully25 utilised in meat and egg production
D) is inefficiently26 converted into meat and eggs
28. Western governments encourage the poultry industry in Asia because th ey regard it
as an effective way to __________.
A) boost their own exports
B) alleviate27 malnutrition in Asian countries
C) create job opportunities in Asian countries
D) promote the exports of Asian countries
29. The word"carcass"(Line 2, Para.3) most probably means"__________ ".
A) vegetables preserved for future use
B) the dead body of an animal ready to be cut into meat
C) expensive food that consumers can hardly afford
D) meat canned for future consumption
30. What the last paragraph tells us is the author's _________ .
A) detailed28 analysis of the ways of raising poultry in Bangladesh
B) great appreciation29 of the development of poultry industry in Bangladesh
C) critical view on the development of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
D) practical suggestion for the improvement of the poultry industry in Bangladesh
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:
We all have offensive breath at one time or another. In most cases, offensive breath emanates31 from bacteria in the mouth, although there are other more causes.
Until a few years ago, the most doctors could do was to counsel patients with bad breath about oral cleanliness. Now they are finding new ways to treat the usually curable condition.
Bad breath can happen whenever the normal flow of saliva32(唾液) slows. Our mouths are full of bacteria feeding on protein in bits of food and shed tissue. The bacteria emit evil?smelling gases, the worst of which is hydrogen sulfide(硫 化物).
Mouth bacteria thrive in airless conditions. Oxygen?rich saliva keeps their numbers down. When we sleep, for example, the saliva stream slows, and sulrue?producing bacteria gain the upper hand, producing classic"morning breath".
Alcohol hunger, too much talking, breathing through the mouth during exercise?anything that dries the mouth produces bad breath. So can stress, though it's not understood why. Some people's breath turns sour every time they go on a job interview.
Saliva flow gradually slows with age, which explains why the elderly have more bad breath trouble than younger people do. Babies, however, who make plenty of saliva and whose mouths contain relatively33 few bacteria have characteristically sweet breath.
For most of us, the simple, dry?mouth variety of bad breath is easily cured . Eating or drinking starts saliva and sweeps away many of the bacteria. Breakfast often stops morning breath.
Those with chronic34 dry mouth find that it helps to keep gum, hard candy, or a bottle of water or juice around. Brushing the teeth wipes out dry?mouth bad breath because it clears away many of the offending bacteria.
Surprisingly, one thing that rarely works is mouthwash. The liquid can mask bad? breath odor with its own smell, but the effect lasts no more than an hour. Some mouthwashes claim to kill the bacteria responsible for bad breath. The trouble is, they don't necessarily reach all offending germs. Most bacteria are well protected from mouthwash under thick layers of mucus(粘液). If the mouthwash contains alcohol-as most do-it can intensify35 the problem by drying out the mouth.
31. The phrase "emanate30 from"in Paragraph 1 most probably means "______".
A) thrive on B) account for
C) originate from D) descend36 from
32. Which of the following is mentioned as one of the causes of bad breath?
A) Tooth trouble B) Sulfur37?rich food.
C) Too much exercise. D) Mental strain.
33. According to the passage, alcohol has something to do with bad breath mainly because
______.
A) it keeps offending bacteria from reproducing
B) its smell adds to bad dreath
C) it kills some helpful bacteria
D) it affects the normal flow of saliva
34. Mouthwashes are not an effective cure for bad breath mainly because _______.
A) they can't mask the bad odor long enough
B) they can't get to all the offending bacteria
C) their strong smell mixes with bad breath and makes it worse.
D) they can't cover the thick layers of mucus
35. We can infer from this passage that __________.
A) offensive breath can't easily be cured
B) elderly people are less offended by bad breath
C) heavy drinkers are less affected by bad breath
D) offensive breath is less affected by alcohol
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:
"Welcome to the U.S.A.! Major Credit cards accepted!"
By the millions they are coming?no longer the tired, the poor, the wretched masslonging for a better living. These are the wealthy. "We don't have a budget, " says a biologist from Brazil, as she walks with two companions through New York City's South Street. "We just use our credit cards."
The U.S. has long been one of the world's most popular tourist destinations, but this year has been exceptional. First there was the World Cup, which drew thousands from every corner of the globe; then came the weakening of the U.S. dollar against major currencies. Now the U.S., still the world's superpower, can also claim to be the world's bargain basement(廉价商品部). Nobody undersells America these days on just about everything, from consumer electronics to fashion clothes to tennis rackets. Bottom retail38 prices-anywhere from 30% to 70% lower than those in Europe and Asia-have attracted some 47 million visitors, who are expected to leave behind $79 billion in 1994. That's up from $74 billion the year before.
True, not everyone comes just for brains. There remains39 an undeniable fascination40 in the rest of the world with all things American, nourished by Hollywood film s and U.S. television series. But shopping the U.S.A. is proving irresistible41. Every week thousands arrive with empty suitcases ready to be filled; some even rent an additional hotel room to hold their purchases. The buying binge(无节制) has become as important as watching Old Faithful Fountains erupt in Yellowstone Par1 k or sunbathing42 on a beach in Florida.
The U.S. has come at last to appreciate what other countries learned long ago: t he pouring in of foreign tourists may not always be convenient, but is does put money in the bank. And with a trade deficit43 at about $130 billion and growing for the past 12 months, the U.S. needs all the deposits it can get. Compared with American tourists abroad, visitors to the U.S. stay longer and spend more money at each stop; an average of 12.2 night and $1624 a traveller versus44 the American s' four nights and $298.
36. From what the Brazilian biologist says, we know that tourists like her_______.
A) are reluctant to carry cash with them
B) simply don't care how much they spend
C) are not good at planning their expenditure45
D) often spend more money than they can afford
37. The reason why 1994 was exceptional is that __________.
A) it saw an unusually large number of tourists to the U.S.
B) it witnessed a drop in the number of tourists to the U.S.
C) tourism was hardly affected by the weakening of the U.S. dollar that year
D) tourists came to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for bargains that year
38. By saying "nobody undersells America" (Line 4, Para.3), the author means that ____.
A) no other country underestimates the competitiveness of American products
B) nobody expects the Americans to cut the prices of their commodities
C) nobody restrains the selling of American goods
D) no other country sells at a lower price that America
39. Why does the author assert that all things American are fascinating t o foreigners?
A) Because they have gained much publicity46 through the American media.
B) Because they represent the world's latest fashions.
C) Because they embody47 the most sophisticated technology.
D) Because they are available at all tourist destinations.
40. From the passage we can conclude that the U.S. has come to realize __ ________.
A) the weakening if the U.S. dollar can result in trade deficits48
B) the lower the retail prices, the greater the profits
C) tourism can make great contributions to its economy
D) visitors to the U.S. are wealthier than U.S. tourists abroad
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer She et with a single line through the centre.
41. His career was not noticeably ______by the fact that h e had never been to college.
A) prevented B) prevented C) hindered D) refrained
42. When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be ______ in deeper.
A) absorbed B) pushed C) heaved D) sucked
43. To ____ for his unpleasant experiences he drank a little more than was good for him.
A) commence B) compromise C) compensate50 D) compliment
44. All visitors are requested to __________ with the regulations.
A) comply B) agree C) assist D) consent
45. The captain __________ the horizon for approaching ships.
A) scanned B) scrutinized51 C) explored D) swept
46. The vast majority of people in any given culture will _____established standards of
that culture.
A) confine B) conform C) confront D) confirm
47. Although he was on a diet, the food __________ him enormously.
A) inspired B) tempted52 C) overcame D) encouraged
48. His argument does not suggest that mankind can _____ to be wasteful53 in the
utilization54 of these resources.
A) resort B) grant C) afford D) entitle
49. If you want this pain killer55, you'll have to ask the doctor for a ______.
A) receipt B) recipe C) subscription56 D) prescription57
50. Some fish have a greater __________ for acid water than others.
A) tolerance58 B) resistance C) dependence59 D) persietence
51. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in _____ with
its surroundings.
A) coincidence B) harmony C) uniform D) alliance
52. The court considers a financial ______ to be an appropriate way of punishing him.
A) payment B) obligation C) option D) penalty
53. It is true that____ a wild plant into a major food crop such as wheat requires much
research time.
A) multiplying B) breeding C) magnifying D) generating
54. The government has devoted60 a larger slice of its national ______ to agriculture than
most other countries.
A) resources B) potential C) budget D) economy
55. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is ______.
A) luxury B) accommodation C) entertainment D) refreshment61
56. Some criminals were printing __________ dollar bills until they were arrested.
A) decent B) fake C) patent D) suspicious
57. Mr. Bloom is not __________ now, but he will be famous someday.
A) significant B) dominant62 C) magnificent D) prominent
58. His body temperature has been _____ for 3 days, the highest point reaching 40.5
degree centigrade.
A) uncommon63 B) disordered C) abnormal D) extraordinary
59. He seems to be __________ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour.
A) radiant B) conscientious64 C) conspicuous65 D) energetic
60. Although cats cannot see in complete darkness their eyes are much more __________ to
light than are human eyes.
A) glowing B) brilliant C) sensitive D) gloomy
61. While nuclear weapons present grave __________ dangers, the predominant crisis of
overpopulation is with us today.
A) inevitable66 B) constant C) overwhelming D) potential
62. This is the ______ piano on which the composer created some of his greatest works.
A) true B) original C) real D) genuine
63. Comparison and contrast are often used __________ in advertisements.
A) intentionally67 B) pertinently68 C) incidentally D) tiresomely69
64. A complete investigation70 into the causes of the accident should lead to improved
standards and should __________ new operating procedures.
A) result is B) match with C) subject to D) proceed with
65. ______ popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity71
that only a genius can create.
A) Subject to B) Contrary to C) Familiar to D) Similar to
66. The bond of true affection had pulled us six very different men from six very
different countries?across Antarctica; we proved in the end that we weren't very
different __________.
A) for all B) as usual C) in particular D) after all
67. Though her parents __________ her musical ability, Jerrilo u's piano playing is
really terrible.
A) pour scorn on B) heap praise upon C) give vent49 to D) cast light upon
68. Some children display an __________ curiosity about every new thing they encounter.
A) incredible B) infectious C) incompatible72 D) inaccessible73
69. Bruce Stephen gripped the __________ wheel hard as the car bounced up and down.
A) stirring B) driving C) steering74 D) revolving75
70. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged____how great their achievements are.
A) in spite of B) in ways of C) in favor of D) in terms of
Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions (15 minutes )
Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words).
One summer my wife Chris and I were invited by friends to row down the Colorado River in a boat. Our expedition included many highly successful people?the kind who have staffs to take care of life's daily work. But in the wilder rapids, all of us naturally set aside any pretenses(矫饰) and put out backs into every stroke to keep the boat from tumbling over. At each night's encampment, w e all hauled supplies and cleaned dishes. After only two days in the river, people accustomed to being spoiled and indulged had become a team, working together to cope with the unpredictable twists and turns of the river.
I believe that in life?as well as on boat trips teamwork will make all our journeys successful ones. The rhythms of teamwork have been the rhythms of my life. I played basketball alongside famous players, and the team I now coach, the New York Knicks, has recovered from years of adversity to become a major contender in the 1990s.
I'm persuaded that teamwork is the key to making dreams come true. We all play o n a number of teams in our lives-as part of a family, as a citizen, as a member of an agreement, written or unwritten. It contains the values and goals for every team member.
For example, in the late 1970s a General Motors plant in Fremont, Calif, was the scene of constant warfare76 between labor77 and management. Distrust ran so hight at the labor contract was hundreds of pages of tricky78 legal terms. GM spent mill ions trying to keep the facility up to date, but productivity and quality were continually poor. Absenteeism(旷工) was so out of control that the production line couldn't even start up on some mornings. Finally in the early 1980s, GM shut down the plant.
GM became convinced that it had to create new production systems based on teamwork. In the mid79?1980s it reopened the Fremont plant with Toyota, starting from scratch(从零开始) with a much simpler and shorter labor contract. It promise d that executive salaries would be reduced and jobs performed by outside sellers would be given to employees before any layoffs80 were considered. Over a hundred job clssifications were cut to just two. Instead of doing one boring job over an d over, workers agreed to be part of small teams, spending equal time on various tasks.
Questions:(注意:答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。每条横线限写一个 英语单词，标点符号不占格。)
S1.What comment did the author make about the highly successful people travelling with him?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S2.Why was it easy for boats to tumble over in the Colorado?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S3.What happened to the New York Knicks in the 1980s?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S4.What caused the sharp conflict in the GM plant in the late 1970s?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
S5.What spirit was encouraged in the reopened GM plant?
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________
Part Ⅴ Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes t o write a composition on the topic My View on Fake Commodities. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害
2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品
附：1998年1月大学英语六级考试参考答案
Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension
1-10 B B A B B C A D D A
11-20 D A C C A B D D B C
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension
21.B 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.C 27.D 28.A 29.B 30.C
31.C 32.D 33.D 34.B 35.A 36.B 37.A 38.D 39.A 40.C
Part Ⅲ Vocabulary Structure
41.C 42.D 43.C 44.A 45.A 46.B 47.B 48.C 49.D 50.A
51.B 52.D 53.C 54.C 55.A 56.B 57.D 58.C 59.D 60.C
61.D 62.B 63.A 64.A 65.B 66.D 67.B 68.A 69.C 70.D
Part Ⅳ Short Answer Questions
S1.They were used to being spoiled and indulged.
S2.Because the river is full of twists and turns.
S3.It was in adversity.
S4.Distrust and lack of teamwork.
S5.The spirit of teamwork.
Part Ⅴ Writing(略)
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par
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| n.标准，票面价值，平均数量；adj.票面的，平常的，标准的 | |
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minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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postgraduates
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| 研究生( postgraduate的名词复数 ) | |
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valid
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| adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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acting
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| n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的 | |
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corporate
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| adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的 | |
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accomplishments
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| n.造诣；完成( accomplishment的名词复数 )；技能；成绩；成就 | |
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aspire
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| vi.(to，after)渴望，追求，有志于 | |
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judgment
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| n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见 | |
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affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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poultry
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| n.家禽，禽肉 | |
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helping
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| n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的 | |
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malnutrition
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| n.营养不良 | |
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inevitably
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aggravated
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| 使恶化( aggravate的过去式和过去分词 )； 使更严重； 激怒； 使恼火 | |
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digestion
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| n.消化，吸收 | |
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replacement
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| n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品 | |
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disastrous
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| adj.灾难性的，造成灾害的；极坏的，很糟的 | |
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multinational
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| adj.多国的，多种国籍的；n.多国籍公司，跨国公司 | |
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phoenix
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| n.凤凰，长生(不死)鸟；引申为重生 | |
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unemployed
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| adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的 | |
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machinery
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| n.(总称)机械，机器；机构 | |
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insufficient
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fully
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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inefficiently
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| adv.无效率地 | |
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alleviate
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| v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等) | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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appreciation
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| n.评价；欣赏；感谢；领会，理解；价格上涨 | |
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emanate
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| v.发自，来自，出自 | |
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emanates
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| v.从…处传出，传出( emanate的第三人称单数 )；产生，表现，显示 | |
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saliva
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| n.唾液，口水 | |
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relatively
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| adv.比较...地，相对地 | |
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chronic
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| adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的 | |
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intensify
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| vt.加强；变强；加剧 | |
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descend
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| vt./vi.传下来，下来，下降 | |
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sulfur
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| n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur） | |
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retail
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| v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格 | |
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remains
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| n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹 | |
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fascination
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| n.令人着迷的事物，魅力，迷恋 | |
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irresistible
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| adj.非常诱人的，无法拒绝的，无法抗拒的 | |
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sunbathing
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| n.日光浴 | |
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deficit
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| n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差 | |
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versus
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| prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下 | |
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expenditure
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| n.(时间、劳力、金钱等)支出；使用，消耗 | |
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publicity
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| n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告 | |
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embody
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| vt.具体表达，使具体化；包含，收录 | |
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deficits
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| n.不足额( deficit的名词复数 )；赤字；亏空；亏损 | |
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vent
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| n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄 | |
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compensate
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| vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消 | |
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scrutinized
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| v.仔细检查，详审( scrutinize的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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tempted
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| v.怂恿（某人）干不正当的事；冒…的险（tempt的过去分词） | |
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wasteful
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| adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的 | |
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utilization
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| n.利用，效用 | |
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killer
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| n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者 | |
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subscription
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| n.预订，预订费，亲笔签名，调配法，下标（处方） | |
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prescription
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| n.处方，开药；指示，规定 | |
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tolerance
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| n.宽容；容忍，忍受；耐药力；公差 | |
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dependence
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| n.依靠，依赖；信任，信赖；隶属 | |
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devoted
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| adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的 | |
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refreshment
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| n.恢复，精神爽快，提神之事物；（复数）refreshments:点心，茶点 | |
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dominant
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| adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因 | |
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uncommon
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| adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的 | |
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conscientious
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| adj.审慎正直的，认真的，本着良心的 | |
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conspicuous
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| adj.明眼的，惹人注目的；炫耀的，摆阔气的 | |
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inevitable
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| adj.不可避免的，必然发生的 | |
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intentionally
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| ad.故意地，有意地 | |
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pertinently
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| 适切地 | |
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tiresomely
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| adj. 令人厌倦的，讨厌的 | |
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investigation
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| n.调查，调查研究 | |
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simplicity
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| n.简单，简易；朴素；直率，单纯 | |
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incompatible
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| adj.不相容的，不协调的，不相配的 | |
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inaccessible
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| adj.达不到的，难接近的 | |
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steering
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| n.操舵装置 | |
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revolving
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| adj.旋转的，轮转式的；循环的v.（使）旋转( revolve的现在分词 )；细想 | |
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warfare
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| n.战争(状态)；斗争；冲突 | |
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labor
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| n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦 | |
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tricky
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| adj.狡猾的，奸诈的；(工作等)棘手的，微妙的 | |
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mid
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| adj.中央的，中间的 | |
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layoffs
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| 临时解雇( layoff的名词复数 )； 停工，停止活动 | |
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