2002年1月大学英语六级考试试题及参考答案
时间：2006-09-07 08:37:03
（单词翻译:单击）
2002年1月12日大学英语六级考试
试卷一
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversa-
tion, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) All the passengers were killed. C) No more survivors2 have been found.
B) The plane crashed in the night. D) It's too late to search for survivors.
2. A) Its results were just as expected.
B) It wasn't very well designed.
C) It fully3 reflected the students' ability.
D) Its results fell short of her expectations.
3. A) He believes dancing is enjoyable. C) He admires those who dance.
B) He definitely does not like dancing. D) He won't dance until he has done his work.
4. A) His computer doesn't work well. C) He didn't register for a proper course.
B) He isn't getting along with his staff. D) He can't apply the theory to his program.
5. A) Reading on the campus lawn. C) Applying for financial aid.
B) Depositing money in the bank. D) Reviewing a student's application.
6. A) A new shuttle bus. C) An airplane flight.
B) A scheduled space flight. D) The first space flight.
7. A) The deadline is drawing near. C) She turned in the proposals today.
B) She can't meet the deadline. D) They are two days ahead of time.
8. A) By going on a diet. C) By doing physical exercise.
B) By having fewer meals. D) By eating fruit and vegetables.
9. A) He enjoyed it as a whole. C) He didn't like it at all.
B) He didn't think much of it. D) He liked some parts of it.
10. A) It looks quite new. C) It looks old, but it runs well.
B) It needs to be repaired. D) Its engine needs to be painted.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Experience in negotiating. C) The time they spend on preparation.
B) A high level of intelligence. D) The amount of pay they receive.
12. A) Study the case carefully beforehand. C) Appear friendly to the other party.
B) Stick to a set target. D) Try to be flexible about their terms.
13. A) Make sure there is no misunderstanding.
B) Try to persuade by giving various reasons.
C) Repeat the same reasons.
D) Listen carefully and patiently to the other party.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) They eat huge amounts of food. C) They usually eat to their hearts' content.
B) They usually eat twice a day. D) They eat much less than people assume.
15. A) When it is breeding.
B) When it feels threatened by humans in its territory.
C) When its offspring is threatened.
D) When it is suffering from illness.
16. A) They are not as dangerous as people think.
B) They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.
C) They attack human beings by nature.
D) They are really tame sea animals.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) Because people might have to migrate there someday.
B) Because it is very much like the earth.
C) Because it is easier to explore than other planets.
D) Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.
18. A) Its chemical elements must be studied. C) Big spaceships must be built.
B) Its temperature must be lowered. D) Its atmosphere must be changed.
19. A) It influences the surface temperature of Mars.
B) It protects living beings from harmful rays.
C) It keeps a planet from overheating.
D) It is the main component4 of the air people breathe.
20. A) Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.
B) Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.
C) Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years' time.
D) Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers5, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then,
that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing
technology－meaning prices should eventually drop-and the market does seem to be growing.
Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions-spoken by a clear uman-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.
The computer works with an antenna6 ( 天线 ) that takes signals from no fewer than three of
the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to
travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car's location can be pinned down within 100
meters.
The satellite signals, along with inputs7 on speed from a wheel-speed sensor8 and direction froma meter, determine the car's position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks9 and points of interest are included.
Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware-the way the computer accepts the driver's request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions.On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway10 junction11 or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.
BMW's system offers a set of cross hairs ( 瞄准器上的十字纹 ) that can be moved across themap (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you'd like to get to. Audi's screen can be switched to TV reception.
Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW's and
Lexus's having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish,
Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters12 for determining the
route: fastest, shortest or no freeways ( 高速公路 ), for example.
21. We learn from the passage that navigation computers________.
A) will greatly promote sales of automobiles13
B) may help solve potential traffic problems
C) are likely to be accepted by more drivers
D) will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury
22. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination________.
A) by inputting14 the exact address C) by checking his computer database
B) by indicating the location of his car D) by giving vocal15 orders to the computer
23. Despite their varied16 designs, navigation computers used in cars
A) are more or less the same price
B) provide directions in much the same way
C) work on more or less the same principles
D) receive instructions from the same satellites
24. The navigation computer functions________.
A) by means of a direction finder and a speed detector17
B) basically on satellite signals and a map database
C) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directions
D) by using a screen to display satellite signals
25. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show
A) the immaturity18 of the new technology
B) the superiority of the global positioning system
C) the cause of price fluctuations20 in car equipment
D) the different ways of providing guidance to the driver
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
"The world's environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss." If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog ( 烟雾 ) to global climate change, from the felling ( 砍伐 ) of forests to the extinction21 of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate22. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world's population has more than tripled during this century, and world output
has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected23. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic24 and dangerous.
But they don't. The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been mined,
have to do with prices, technological25 innovation, social change and government regulation in re-
sponse to popular pressure. That is why, today's environmental problems in the poor countries
ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards26.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign27 ( 良性的 ) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving28 it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
26. According to the author, most students________.
A) believe the world's environment is in an undesirable29 condition
B) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be
C) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world's environment
D) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world's environment
27. The huge increase in world production and population ________.
A) has made the world a worse place to live in
B) has had a positive influence on the environment
C) has not significantly affected the environment
D) has made the world a dangerous place to live in
28. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that________.
A) technological innovation can promote social stability
B) political instability will cause consumption to drop
C) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
D) new sources are always becoming available
29. Fish resources are diminishing because________.
A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantities
B) they are not owned by any particular entity30
C) improper31 methods of fishing have mined the fishing grounds
D) water pollution is extremely serious
30. The primary solution to environmental problems is________.
A) to allow market forces to operate properly
B) to curb32 consumption of natural resources
C) to limit the growth of the world population
D) to avoid fluctuations in prices
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing
has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.
However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit33 (诉讼) in California claiming that the state's ban on IQ testing discriminates34 against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid35 method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially,his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating,
such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.
What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is
not discriminative36 to evaluate either a child's physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation19 back and forth37 occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and
social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child's intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
31. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C) It met with strong opposition38 from the majority of black parents.
D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
32. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to________.
A) draw public attention to IQ testing C) remove the state's ban on intelligence tests
B) put an end to special education D) have their children enter white schools
33. The author believes that intelligence testing ________.
A) may ease racial confrontation39 in the United States
B) can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C) may seriously aggravate40 racial discrimination in the United States
D) can help black parents make decisions about their children's education
34. The author's opinion of child adoption41 seems to be that________.
A) no rules whatsoever42 can be prescribed
B) white families should adopt black children
C) adoption should be based on IQ test results
D) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
35. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that _______.
A) good will may sometimes complicate43 racial problems
B) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin1 (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers44 compensate45 by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation46, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity48 ( 多样性 ). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling49, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan50 (见多识广者的 ) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables51. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed52 description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents______.
A) did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behavior
D) usually had more friends
38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal53 relationships among neighbors_____.
A) disrupt people's natural relations
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them to be suspicious of each other
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is,______.
A) the better its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant and open-minded it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-towndwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot
against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________.
A) impulse C) inspiration
B) insanity54 D) disposition55
42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.
A) laymen56 C) directors
B) servants D) attendants
43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.
A) prestige C) priority
B) superiority D) publicity57
44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.
A) feast C) festival
B) congratulations D) recreation
45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.
A) payments C) funds
B) charges D) prices
46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.
A) assurance C) sanction
B) assumption D) insurance
47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.
A) temperament58 C) scrutiny59
B) contamination D) symmetry
48. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
A) context C) pretext60
B) contest D) texture61
49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.
A) a distinction C) an identification
B) a breakthrough D) an interpretation62
50. Doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they hould tell their patients the truth or not.
A) puzzle C) dilemma63
B) perplexity D) bewilderment
51. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.
A) commend C) propagate
B) memorize D) commemorate64
52. His successful negotiations65 with the Americans helped him to _________ his position in he government.
A) contrive66 C) heave
B) consolidate67 D) intensify68
53. Please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.
A) distracted C) irritated
B) disregarded D) intervened
54. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should __________ them as soon as possible.
A) rectify69 C) refrain
B) reclaim70 D) reckon
55. He wouldn't answer the reporters' questions, nor would he __________ for a photograph.
A) summon C) pose
B) highlight D) marshal
56. The club will ________ new members the first week in September.
A) enroll71 C) absorb
B) subscribe72 D) register
57. If you don't ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they'll just run riot.
A) mobilize C) manipulate
B) warrant D) supervise
58. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.
A) foreseeing C) fabricating
B) speculating D) contemplating73
59. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A) dedicate C) ascribe
B) cater74 D) cling
60. Just because I'm ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing
me any respect.
A) redundant75 C) versatile76
B) trivial D) subordinate
61. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.
A) sceptical C) spacious77
B) stationary78 D) specific
62. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork..
A) total C) terrific
B) increased D) cumulative79
63. A human's eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.
A) eccentric C) sensible
B) acute D) sensitive
64. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.
A) abrupt80 C) adverse81
B) absurd D) addictive82
65. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.
A) feasible C) apt
B) appropriate D) fitting
66. We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly________.
A) rigorous C) private
B) confidential83 D) mysterious
67. The members of Parliament were ________ that the government had not consulted them.
A) impatient C) crude
B) tolerant D) indignant
68. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately84 _______ , and still others
are supported by religious organizations.
A) ensured C) authorized86
B) attributed D) endowed
69. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if _______ in any way.
A) intervened C) provoked
B) incurred88 D) poked89
70. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust47 too easily, or have some other _______.
A) drawbacks C) bruises90
B) handicaps D) blunders
试卷二
Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mis-
takes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark ( ∧ ) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash91 (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. Many 1. time/times/period
of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a school 2. /
subject are valid for∧ study of television. 3. the
Sporting activities are essentially92 modified forms of
hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern S1.________
footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting
pack. His killing93 weapon has turned into a harmless football
and his prey94 into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate95 and he S2.________
scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. S3._________
To understand how this transformation96 has taken place we
must briefly97 look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5.________
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure
their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically98 S6.________
changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers,
throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group S7.________
attackers.
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely S8.________
long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.
Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life,
were put to a new use-that of penning ( 把 …… 关在圈中 ), S9.________
controlling and domesticating99 their prey. The food was there on
the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties100 of farming
were no longer essential for survival. S10.________
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:
A Letter to the Unitversity President about the Canteen Service on Campus
You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
答案：
2002年1月12日六级试题解析
Part I Listening comprehension
1.[C] 从they haven't found anybody else来看，可能找到部分幸存者，只是这几个小时没有找到更多的，说明C为正确答案。
2.[D]从quite disappointing来看，考试结果出乎意料，令人失望，所以答案为D。
3.[B]the last thing one wants to do一般用来表示"最不愿意做某事"，由此可以判断答案为B。
4.[D] make it work in our program就是apply the theory to the program，所以答案为D。
5.[C] apply for a loan（申请贷款）也就是申请经济方面的援助，所以答案为C。
6.[B]从space shuttle可以判断是太空飞行，由此可以排除A，C，从another routine mission可以排除D。
7.[A]due也就意味着是deadline，既然只有两天的时间，说明the deadline is drawing near。
8.[C]run regularly就是运动的 一种方式，所以答案为C。
9.[A]like it overall表明说话者enjoy it as a whole。
10.[C]it needs a new paint job说明车看上去很旧，结合it seems to run well可以判断答案为C。
11.[C]there is no difference in the time the two groups spent on planning their strategy说明他们在准备时间上是相同的。
12.[A]good negotiators can make a lot of suggestions and consider twice the number of the alternatives说明他们能够提前仔细研究，答案为A。
13.[B] 本题为信息再现。文章中提到the average negotiators tried to persuade by giving a lot reasons, 与B 相同。
14.[D]文中提到sharks sometime starve，说明C不对，sharks don't eat as much as people think说明他们吃的比人们想象得要少，即D。
15.[B]文章最后提到if you go into a shark's territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you说明答案为B，即鲨鱼在感到威胁时才会向人类进攻。
16.[A] 文章的主题要看文章主要内容以及叙述方式。文章提到了狗，但不是作为朋友提到，B可以排除。从文章所叙述的鲨鱼在什么情况下才向人进攻来看，鲨鱼攻击人类并非出于本性，C不对。文章开始提到人们一般都认为鲨鱼很危险，而正文又介绍鲨鱼在很多情况下对人并无威胁，所以答案为A，即本篇文章试图说明鲨鱼并不是如人们所想象的那么可怕。
17.[A]从humans going to live on the Mars 和it might solve the problem of overcrowding on the earth可以判断科学家们对火星感兴趣的原因是人们有可能要移民到火星。
18.[D]If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible说明如果人们要在火星上居住，其大气就应该改变。
19.[D]既然nitrogen is four fifths of the air we breathe（占我们呼吸的空气的5分之4），那就说明氮是我们所呼吸的空气的主要成分。
20.[B]本题为细节再现题，this will take one hundred thousand years与C相同。
Part II Reading comprehension
21．[B] 文章第二段中提到，导航计算机能够给司机提供精确的运行提示，既然能如此，也就能够帮助解决大城市中所存在的交通问题。由此可以推断，答案应该是B。
22．[A] 本题考查的是司机运用导航计算机的方式。文章第5段提到On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, 说明司机要想找到最佳的驶车路线，只需输入目的地即可，答案为A。
23．[C] 文章的后半部介绍了几种车型所用导航计算机的不同之处，一是the driver's request for a directions, 一是the way it presents the driving instructions，由此可以判断选项B，D不对。从Most systems are basically identical可以判断，无论什么样的导航计算机，其工作原理大体相同，即C。
24．[B] 文章第三段介绍了导航计算机的工作原理，一是通过天线接收卫星上发送的信息，文章第四段又介绍了这种信息要与计算机内所储存的地图结合（combined with a map database）。由此可以判断答案为B。本题回答的是导航计算机的工作原理，而没有区分什么类型的导航计算机，这就说明，导航计算机的工作原理是相同的，因此，由本题可以推断23题答案为C。
25．[B] 各导航系统通过不同的方式给司机提供指示，D与你相同，现象不是目的，所以不对。导航计算机借助global positioning system的帮助能够以这么多种方式为司机提供帮助，也正说明了其优越性，所以答案 B。
26．[A] 文章第一段通过假设的方式，展示了作者心目中学生可能有的看法，从most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints …可以判断学生认为世界环境状况不容乐观，所以答案为A。
27[ C] 文章第一段最后一句The surprise is how good things are, not how bad似乎是说"人口的急剧增长与生产的扩大对环境带来了正面影响，但是，从下文的叙述方式来看，作者所欲说明的应该是"对世界环境的影响不大"。文章只是说the environment has not been ruined, raw materials have not run out, environmental problems ought to be solvable。从否定形式的使用可以判断，作者所强调的显然不是正面影响。
28．[D] 文章倒数第二段people have looked for new sources of supply, …. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms 说明从长远来看，价格处于下降趋势的原因之一应该是总能找到新的能源，即D。
29．[B] 本题考查的是具体事例与要说明观点之间的关系。文章最后一句If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it, fish is the best example of this.说明，鱼源变少的原因应该是它们不为任何实体所拥有，即B。
30．[A] 文章最后一段第一句It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise说明要解决环境问题，首要的是要使市场运作正常，即A。
31．[B] 本题为同义转述题。文章第二段some thought it was unfair to minority children，说明有人认为智商测试对少数民族孩子不公平，也就使对少数民族学生的歧视，即B。
32．[C] 诉讼中提到"政府禁止IQ测试是对他们（黑人儿童）的歧视，这样以来他们的子女就不可能进入特殊班级受教育"。指责其不公，自然是要取消之，所以答案为C。
33．[A] 从常识来判断，美国白人一般都认为黑人等少数民族的孩子愚钝不可教，因此不能进入特殊教育班级。智商的测试可以让人们清楚儿童在学校成绩不好到底是智力的问题还使其它原因（to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause），这样就有可能排除智力上的因素，所以对缓和种族冲突会有好处，能表达此意思的是选项A。
34．[D] 作者在提到儿童收养问题后指出surely good will on the part of all of us is needed，显然是在说cross-racial adoption is to be advocated。
35．[D] 对于具体事例的作用，一般可以看事例前面总括性的陈述。本篇文章作者在介绍儿童收养问题前提到Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject，and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. 然后说这种情况在其他场合也出现，如儿童收养。显然儿童收养问题所要说明的也是对于一些敏感的问题，法律所允许我们所多的不同的时期也不同。开始白人家庭黑人儿童是受鼓励的，到后来又变得generally unpopular，说明人们的观点会发生变化，即D。
36．[A] 根据文章第一般写作技法第一段不会结论，因此B不对，段中however的使用说明第一段所展示的使两种观点，答案为A。
37．[B]文章第一段所展示的第一种观点substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.说明人们以往是认为城市居民不可能发展长久的友谊。
38．[C] 文章第三段提到If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. 说明邻里之间很可能出现彼此都不关心的状况，即C。
39．[C]文章最后提到，大城市里居民比小城镇居民更见多识广，to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups，说明社区越大，人们越容易变得包容，思想也越开朗，所以答案为C。
40．[A] 本篇文章对比了大城市与小城镇种人际关系，但并没有强调在大城市中居住的优越，B不对；文中提到了很多城市居住的负面影响，显然C也不对；文章第二段中提到nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation,说明D也不对。由此可以判断答案为A。
Part III. Vocabulary
41. [A] 本题为上下义词复现。题干第一句提到suffer from a serious mental illness，指患一种严重的精神疾病，那么后面说介绍的反应自然也应该是这种疾病的反应。Inspiration为"灵感"， insanity 表示"疯狂，愚昧"，disposition为"气质，性情"，都不是疾病的表现，答案为A，impulse（冲动）。
42. [D] 本题为词汇同现题，与首相同行的应该是随从，四个选项中能表示"随从"的是attendants。其它laymen表示"门外汉", directors表示"主任，主管，董事", servants为"仆人"，都与话题不符。
43. [B] 本题为搭配题，superiority to表示"比……优越"。
44. [A] 本题为话题同现题，表示婚礼宴会应该拥wedding feast。
45．[B] 表示"货运费用"应该用freight charges，payments表示"付款，报应"，funds为"资金"，prices为"价格"，都与freight不同现。
46．[A] 从句内容显然是经理对"她"所做的保证，所以答案为assurance。其它sanction表示"批准，认可"，assumption表示"假设"，insurance表示"保险"，都与题意不合。
47．[C] 本题题意为"尽管该模型表面上看上去很不错，但是经不起细察"。temperament为"性情，气质"，contamination为"玷污，污染"， symmetry为"对称，匀称"， scrutiny表示"详细审查"，所以答案为C。
48．[A] 本题为搭配题，in the context of表示在"……的情况下"，pretext为"借口，托辞" 一般与介词under 或on连用，contest为"竞争，竞赛"， texture表示"质地"，都与下文of短语所表示的情景不符。
49. [D] 本题为信息复现题。与a full understanding相对的显然也是一种"理解"，四个选项中能表示"理解"的单词为interpretation。其它distinction表示"区别，差别"， identification表示"辨认，鉴定"，breakthrough表示"突破"，都与题意不符。
50．[C] 本题为上下义词复现。"不得不在是否告诉父母真情中选择"表明就是处于一种左右为难的景遇，能表示此含义的单词是dilemma，其它选项puzzle表示"难题，迷"， perplexity表示"困惑，混乱"， bewilderment表示"迷乱，慌张，左右为难"，都与与下文不构成复现关系。
51.[D] 特别节日的建立一般都是为了纪念历史上比较重要的事件，四个选项中能表示该含义的是commemorate，其它commend为"命令"， propagate为"繁植，传播，宣传"， memorize表示"记忆"，都与话题不符。
52．[B] contrive为"发明，设计，图谋"， heave为"举起"， consolidate 表示"巩固"，intensify 为"加强，强化"。本题表示"他与美国成功的谈判有助于巩固其在政府中的地位"，所以答案为B。
53．[C] 既然对方只是试图引其人们的注意，就不应该对对方的行为愤慨，所以答案为C，irritate表示"气愤"与offensive remarks构成同现关系。
54．[A] 本题为词汇同现题。与mistakes同现的应该是"改正"，即rectify, 其它各词refrain, reclaim, reckon分别表示"节制，避免"，"收回，要求归还"，"估计，猜想"，与mistakes不构成搭配关系。
55．[C] 本题表示"摆姿势拍照"，应该用动词pose，summon表示"召集，召唤"，highlight表示"突出，使显著"，marshal表示"整顿，配置，汇集"，都与照相话题不符。
56．[C] 本题表示"吸收新会员"，表示吸收的为absorb，其他enroll表示"注册"， subscribe表示"订购，订阅"， register表示"登记注册"，与题意不符。
57．[D] 本题为因果同现题。要想孩子不骚乱，就要适当"监控"，答案为supervise ，其他mobilize表示"动员"， manipulate表示"操作，操纵，巧妙处理"， warrant表示"保证，担保，批准"。
58．[B] 本题为搭配题，to speculate about 表示"推测，思索"，其他选项没有此搭配功能。
59．[A] 本题为搭配题，dedicate …to表示"献身于……"。其他cater表示"备办食物"， ascribe表示"归因与"， cling表示"坚持，附着"。
60．[D] 本题为同现题，自己与老板显然是从属的关系，所以答案为subordinate，其他redundant表示"多余的"，versatile表示"多才多艺的"， trivial表示"琐细的，微不足道的"，都与话题不符。
61．[A] 本题为搭配题， be skeptical101 about表示"对……持怀疑态度"。其他stationary为"静止的"，
spacious为"宽敞的"，specific为"具体的"，都不与about构成搭配关系。
62．[D] 本题表示"一个人的压抑是由于长时间的紧张和过度工作所致"，答案为cumulative，表示"累积"，而total为"总计"， terrific 为"令人恐怖的"，increased表示"增加了的"，都不能表示"日益积累的效果"。
63．[B] 本题为修饰同现题，eccentric表示"古怪的"， sensible表示"有感觉的，明智的"， acute表示"敏锐的：， sensitive表示"敏感的"。本题表示人的视力应该像鹰的眼睛一样敏锐，所以答案为B。
64．[B] 本题为评注性形容词的考查。Abrupt表示"突然的，陡峭的"， adverse 表示"不利的，相反的"，absurd表示"荒谬的，可笑的"， addictive表示"上瘾的"。根据本题意思，可以判断答案B，即干同样的活，女人得到得待遇却比男人的低，这的确很荒谬。另外，从结构上来讲，absurd后从句中一般应该用should + 原形动词。
65．[C] 本题为句法搭配题。be apt to do something 表示"易于作某事"，即穿这种鞋在潮湿的地板上很容易滑倒。其他feasible表示"可行的"，appropriate表示"合适的，得体的"，fitting表示"适合的，相称的",结构与意思都不合。
66．[B] 从we'll be very careful来看，说话人会把他们彼此之间所说的话保密的，而能表达此含义的选项是confidential。其他单词rigorous表示"严格的，严厉的"， private表示"私人的，私有的"， mysterious表示"神秘的"。
67．[D] 本题中impatient表示"不耐烦", crude表示"粗鲁的"， tolerant表示"宽容的"， indignant表示"气愤的"。从本句意思来看，既然政府没有征求他们的意见，国会会员应该是比较气愤，所以答案 D。
68．[D] 本题为信息复现题，所填单词表达的是support的含义，四个选项ensure表示"打包，保证"， attribute表示"归结与"， authorize85表示"批准"， endow表示"捐赠，赋予"。四个选项中与support意思相近的为endow，即大学由私人出资。
69．[C] intervene表示"干预，介入"， incur87表示"招致"， provoke表示"激怒，煽动"，poke表示"戳，捅"。本题表示如果不惹闹他们，狱卒是不会射击的。由此可以判断答案为provoke。
70.[ A] 本题为上下义词复现。所填单词是对they are too soft, rust too easily得概括，答案为A drawbacks，其他bruise意为擦伤，撞伤"，handicap意为"障碍，阻碍"，blunder意为"大错，大误"，与they are too soft, rust too easily没有上下义关系。
Part IV Error Correction
S1 Viewing在句中作状语，与句子主语modern footballer之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词，所以Viewing应改为Viewed。
S2 根据概念同现原理，目标准确才有可能得分高，所以从scores high来判断，inaccurate是错误的，应改为accurate。
S3. 句子缺少主语，根据主从句的意思来看，主语应该是he，所以在enjoys前加主语he。
S4 look up at为短语重叠，look up表示"敬仰，查寻"与本句意思不符，应该用look at，表示如果想了解这种转变如何发生，我们就必须看一看我们的祖先是如何作的。
S5 year为可数名词，这里应该用复数形式，应改为years。
S6 用以加强语气，表示"甚至"，应该用even，而不是even if，所以if应该去掉。
S7 chasers, runner, jumpers, aimers, throwers 与pre-killers之间应该是选择并列关系，所以and应改为or。
S8 when用于引导状语从句，但是this immensely long formative period of hunting for food为名词短语，when使用不当，根据句子的意思应该改为after。
S9 主语为their improved intelligence为单数形式，所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式，were应该改为 was。
S10 根据话题原则，farming 应该改为hunting。
2002年1月12日六级考试听力原文
1.W: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash?
M: Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they haven't found anybody else. They will keep searching until night falls.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
2.M: How many students passed the final physics exam in your class?
W: Forty, but still as many as 20 percent of the class failed, quite disappointing, isn't it?
Q: What does the woman think of the exam?
3.W: Lots of people enjoy dancing, do you?
M: Believe it or not, that is the last thing I want to do.
Q: What does the man mean?
4.W: Jane, I am having difficulty with all the theoretic stuff we are getting in our computer course.
M: Oh, that part I understand. What I can't figure out is how to make it work in our program.
Q: What is the man's problem?
5.W: Did you see Mary somewhere around?
M: Yes, she is in the campus bank, applying for the student's loan.
Q: What was Mary doing?
6.W: The space shuttle is taking off tomorrow.
M: I know, this is another routine mission. It is first flight with four years ago.
Q: What are they talking about?
7.M: When are we supposed to submit our project proposals, Jane?
W: They are due by the end of the week. We've only two days left. We'll just have to hurry.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8.W: When I go on a diet, I eat only fruit, and that takes off weight quickly.
M: I prefer to eat whatever I want, and then run regularly to lose weight.
Q: How does the man control his weight?
9.W: John, can you tell me what in the book interested you most?
M: No, well, nothing specific, but I like it overall.
Q; What did the man think of the book?
10.W: How do you like the car I just bought?
M: Well, it seems to run well, but I think it needs a new paint job.
Q: What does the man think of the car?
Passage 1
Nilrikman and others of the halfway102 research group have done some research into the differences between average and good negotiators. They found negotiators with the good trait record and studied them in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators and found that there was no difference in the time that the two groups spent on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-time review. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number of the alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as single points. We hope to get two dollars, for example. The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of range, which they might formulate103 as "We hope to get two dollars, but if we get one dollar and fifty, it will be all right.". The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons. They use a lot of different arguments. The good negotiators didn't give many reasons. They just repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing, checking they were understood correctly.
11.What do good negotiators and average negotiators have in common?
12.According to the speaker, what would good negotiators do?
13.According to the speaker, what does the average negotiator usually do?
Passage 2
To most of us sharks are the most dangerous fish in the sea and they attack humans. However, according to Doctor Clark, who has studied the behavior of sharks for twelve years, humans are not normally on the shark's menu. What do sharks feed on, mainly fish and other sea animals? Doctor Clark also found that sharks don't eat as much food as people think. For instance, a nine-year-old shark only needs two pound of food a day to keep healthy. But she says, sharks sometimes starve and at other times they fill themselves with what they have killed. Around the world, there are only about one hundred shark attacks on humans each year, ten of which proved fatal. But consider this, in the US alone, about three million people are bitten by dogs each year. Of these, thirty people die. If sharks bite you, says Doctor Clark, the reason is usually because of the mistake you ****natural food. For example, say you went underwater-fishing and saw a shark, you could be in trouble. The shark might go for the injured fish you had attacked and take a bite of you at the same time. If you go into a shark's territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you. That's because sharks are territorial104 and tend to guard their territory. Like dogs, they protect the area they think is their own.
14.What does the passage say about the eating behavior of sharks?
15.When might a shark attach humans?
16.What do we learn from the passage about sharks?
Passage 3
Science fiction writers have often imagined humans going to live on the Mars. But these days, scientists are taking the idea seriously. It has a great deal to recommend it, since it might solve the problem of overcrowding on the earth. But obviously, it would not be worth making the effort unless people could live there naturally. If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible. But in fact it is mostly carbonoxidite. Apart from that, there are other problems to be overcome. For example, the temperature would have to be raised from 6 degrees below zero to 15 degrees above it. Scientists who study Mars have laid down the program that they can follow. To begin with, they will have to find out whether life has ever existed on the planet of Mars in the past. Secondly105 they will have to make a reliable map of its surface. And finally, they will have to make a list of the gases. Above all, they will have to discover how much nitrogen it possesses. Since nitrogen is four fifths of the air we breathe, they are surprising optimistic about raising the temperature on Mars and believe it could be down in hundred years. It will take a bit longer, though, to transform the atmosphere so that human beings could live there. Scientists estimate this will take one hundred thousand years.
17.Why are scientists interested in Mars?
18.What is the one of the things that must be done if a man can live on Mars?
19.Why do scientist want to find out whether there is sufficient nitrogen on Mars?
20.What is the prospect106 of people living on Mars?
试卷一
Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversa-
tion, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Example: You will hear:
You will read:
A) 2 hours.
B) 3 hours.
C) 4 hours.
D) 5 hours.
From the conversation we know that the two are talking about some work they will start at 9 o'clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) "5 hours" is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.
Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]
1. A) All the passengers were killed. C) No more survivors2 have been found.
B) The plane crashed in the night. D) It's too late to search for survivors.
2. A) Its results were just as expected.
B) It wasn't very well designed.
C) It fully3 reflected the students' ability.
D) Its results fell short of her expectations.
3. A) He believes dancing is enjoyable. C) He admires those who dance.
B) He definitely does not like dancing. D) He won't dance until he has done his work.
4. A) His computer doesn't work well. C) He didn't register for a proper course.
B) He isn't getting along with his staff. D) He can't apply the theory to his program.
5. A) Reading on the campus lawn. C) Applying for financial aid.
B) Depositing money in the bank. D) Reviewing a student's application.
6. A) A new shuttle bus. C) An airplane flight.
B) A scheduled space flight. D) The first space flight.
7. A) The deadline is drawing near. C) She turned in the proposals today.
B) She can't meet the deadline. D) They are two days ahead of time.
8. A) By going on a diet. C) By doing physical exercise.
B) By having fewer meals. D) By eating fruit and vegetables.
9. A) He enjoyed it as a whole. C) He didn't like it at all.
B) He didn't think much of it. D) He liked some parts of it.
10. A) It looks quite new. C) It looks old, but it runs well.
B) It needs to be repaired. D) Its engine needs to be painted.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.
11. A) Experience in negotiating. C) The time they spend on preparation.
B) A high level of intelligence. D) The amount of pay they receive.
12. A) Study the case carefully beforehand. C) Appear friendly to the other party.
B) Stick to a set target. D) Try to be flexible about their terms.
13. A) Make sure there is no misunderstanding.
B) Try to persuade by giving various reasons.
C) Repeat the same reasons.
D) Listen carefully and patiently to the other party.
Passage Two
Questions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.
14. A) They eat huge amounts of food. C) They usually eat to their hearts' content.
B) They usually eat twice a day. D) They eat much less than people assume.
15. A) When it is breeding.
B) When it feels threatened by humans in its territory.
C) When its offspring is threatened.
D) When it is suffering from illness.
16. A) They are not as dangerous as people think.
B) They can be as friendly to humans as dogs.
C) They attack human beings by nature.
D) They are really tame sea animals.
Passage Three
Questions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.
17. A) Because people might have to migrate there someday.
B) Because it is very much like the earth.
C) Because it is easier to explore than other planets.
D) Because its atmosphere is different from that of the earth.
18. A) Its chemical elements must be studied. C) Big spaceships must be built.
B) Its temperature must be lowered. D) Its atmosphere must be changed.
19. A) It influences the surface temperature of Mars.
B) It protects living beings from harmful rays.
C) It keeps a planet from overheating.
D) It is the main component4 of the air people breathe.
20. A) Man will probably be able to live there in 200 years.
B) Scientists are rather pessimistic about it.
C) Man will probably be able to live there in 100,000 years' time.
D) Scientists are optimistic about overcoming the difficulties soon.
Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)
Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or
unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C)and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Navigation computers, now sold by most car-makers5, cost $2,000 and up. No surprise, then,
that they are most often found in luxury cars, like Lexus, BMW and Audi. But it is a developing
technology－meaning prices should eventually drop-and the market does seem to be growing.
Even at current prices, a navigation computer is impressive. It can guide you from point to point in most major cities with precise turn-by-turn directions-spoken by a clear uman-sounding voice, and written on a screen in front of the driver.
The computer works with an antenna6 ( 天线 ) that takes signals from no fewer than three of
the 24 global positioning system (GPS) satellites. By measuring the time required for a signal to
travel between the satellites and the antenna, the car's location can be pinned down within 100
meters.
The satellite signals, along with inputs7 on speed from a wheel-speed sensor8 and direction froma meter, determine the car's position even as it moves. This information is combined with a map database. Streets, landmarks9 and points of interest are included.
Most systems are basically identical. The differences come in hardware-the way the computer accepts the driver's request for directions and the way it presents the driving instructions.On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, motorway10 junction11 or point of interest via a touch screen or disc. But the Lexus screen goes a step further: you can point to any spot on the map screen and get directions to it.
BMW's system offers a set of cross hairs ( 瞄准器上的十字纹 ) that can be moved across themap (you have several choices of map scale) to pick a point you'd like to get to. Audi's screen can be switched to TV reception.
Even the voices that recite the directions can differ, with better systems like BMW's and
Lexus's having a wider vocabulary. The instructions are available in French, German, Spanish,
Dutch and Italian, as well as English. The driver can also choose parameters12 for determining the
route: fastest, shortest or no freeways ( 高速公路 ), for example.
21. We learn from the passage that navigation computers________.
A) will greatly promote sales of automobiles13
B) may help solve potential traffic problems
C) are likely to be accepted by more drivers
D) will soon be viewed as a symbol of luxury
22. With a navigation computer, a driver will easily find the best route to his destination________.
A) by inputting14 the exact address C) by checking his computer database
B) by indicating the location of his car D) by giving vocal15 orders to the computer
23. Despite their varied16 designs, navigation computers used in cars
A) are more or less the same price
B) provide directions in much the same way
C) work on more or less the same principles
D) receive instructions from the same satellites
24. The navigation computer functions________.
A) by means of a direction finder and a speed detector17
B) basically on satellite signals and a map database
C) mainly through the reception of turn-by-turn directions
D) by using a screen to display satellite signals
25. The navigation systems in cars like Lexus, BMW and Audi are mentioned to show
A) the immaturity18 of the new technology
B) the superiority of the global positioning system
C) the cause of price fluctuations20 in car equipment
D) the different ways of providing guidance to the driver
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
"The world's environment is surprisingly healthy. Discuss." If that were an examination topic, most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints: from local smog ( 烟雾 ) to global climate change, from the felling ( 砍伐 ) of forests to the extinction21 of species. The list would largely be accurate, the concern legitimate22. Yet the students who should be given the highest marks would actually be those who agreed with the statement. The surprise is how good things are, not how bad.
After all, the world's population has more than tripled during this century, and world output
has risen hugely, so you would expect the earth itself to have been affected23. Indeed, if people lived, consumed and produced things in the same way as they did in 1900 (or 1950, or indeed 1980), the world by now would be a pretty disgusting place: smelly, dirty, toxic24 and dangerous.
But they don't. The reasons why they don't, and why the environment has not been mined,
have to do with prices, technological25 innovation, social change and government regulation in re-
sponse to popular pressure. That is why, today's environmental problems in the poor countries
ought, in principle, to be solvable.
Raw materials have not run out, and show no sign of doing so. Logically, one day they must: the planet is a finite place. Yet it is also very big, and man is very ingenious. What has happened is that every time a material seems to be running short, the price has risen and, in response, people have looked for new sources of supply, tried to find ways to use less of the material, or looked for a new substitute. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms during the century. The same is true for food. Prices fluctuate, in response to harvests, natural disasters and political instability; and when they rise, it takes some time before new sources of supply become available. But they always do, assisted by new farming and crop technology. The long term trend has been downwards26.
It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign27 ( 良性的 ) trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise. Markets cannot always keep the environment healthy. If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving28 it or fostering it: fish is the best example of this.
26. According to the author, most students________.
A) believe the world's environment is in an undesirable29 condition
B) agree that the environment of the world is not as bad as it is thought to be
C) get high marks for their good knowledge of the world's environment
D) appear somewhat unconcerned about the state of the world's environment
27. The huge increase in world production and population ________.
A) has made the world a worse place to live in
B) has had a positive influence on the environment
C) has not significantly affected the environment
D) has made the world a dangerous place to live in
28. One of the reasons why the long-term trend of prices has been downwards is that________.
A) technological innovation can promote social stability
B) political instability will cause consumption to drop
C) new farming and crop technology can lead to overproduction
D) new sources are always becoming available
29. Fish resources are diminishing because________.
A) no new substitutes can be found in large quantities
B) they are not owned by any particular entity30
C) improper31 methods of fishing have mined the fishing grounds
D) water pollution is extremely serious
30. The primary solution to environmental problems is________.
A) to allow market forces to operate properly
B) to curb32 consumption of natural resources
C) to limit the growth of the world population
D) to avoid fluctuations in prices
Passage Three
Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated, intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing
has gone out of fashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.
However, paradoxically, just recently a group of black parents filed a lawsuit33 (诉讼) in California claiming that the state's ban on IQ testing discriminates34 against their children by denying them the opportunity to take the test. (They believed, correctly, that IQ tests are a valid35 method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore, reversed, at least partially,his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting, even facilitating,
such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause.
What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is
not discriminative36 to evaluate either a child's physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. The same fluctuation19 back and forth37 occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago, for instance, white families were encouraged to adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and
social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures. But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As to intelligence, in our opinion, the more we know about any child's intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
31. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C) It met with strong opposition38 from the majority of black parents.
D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
32. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to________.
A) draw public attention to IQ testing C) remove the state's ban on intelligence tests
B) put an end to special education D) have their children enter white schools
33. The author believes that intelligence testing ________.
A) may ease racial confrontation39 in the United States
B) can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C) may seriously aggravate40 racial discrimination in the United States
D) can help black parents make decisions about their children's education
34. The author's opinion of child adoption41 seems to be that________.
A) no rules whatsoever42 can be prescribed
B) white families should adopt black children
C) adoption should be based on IQ test results
D) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
35. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that _______.
A) good will may sometimes complicate43 racial problems
B) social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
Passage Four
Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.
Not too many decades ago it seemed "obvious" both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed people's natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin1 (亲戚) and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the "obvious" is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.
Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds.Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers44 compensate45 by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation46, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.
These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a community's population size and its social heterogeneity48 ( 多样性 ). For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling49, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan50 (见多识广者的 ) outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables51. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.
36. Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?
A) Two contrasting views are presented.
B) An argument is examined and possible solutions given.
C) Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.
D) A detailed52 description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given.
37. According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents______.
A) did not have the same interests as their neighbors
B) could not develop long-standing relationships
C) tended to be associated with bad behavior
D) usually had more friends
38. One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal53 relationships among neighbors_____.
A) disrupt people's natural relations
B) make them worry about crime
C) cause them not to show concern for one another
D) cause them to be suspicious of each other
39. It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is,______.
A) the better its quality of life
B) the more similar its interests
C) the more tolerant and open-minded it is
D) the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress
40. What is the passage mainly about?
A) Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-towndwellers.
B) Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.
C) The positive role that urbanism plays in modern life.
D) The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.
Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four
choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.
41. The lady in this strange tale very obviously suffers from a serious mental illness. Her plot
against a completely innocent old man is a clear sign of________.
A) impulse C) inspiration
B) insanity54 D) disposition55
42. The Prime Minister was followed by five or six _______ when he got off the plane.
A) laymen56 C) directors
B) servants D) attendants
43. There is no doubt that the ________ of these goods to the others is easy to see.
A) prestige C) priority
B) superiority D) publicity57
44. All the guests were invited to attend the wedding ________ and had a very good time.
A) feast C) festival
B) congratulations D) recreation
45. The price of the coal will vary according to how far it has to be transported and how expensive the freight _______ are.
A) payments C) funds
B) charges D) prices
46. The manager gave her his ________ that her complaint would be investigated.
A) assurance C) sanction
B) assumption D) insurance
47. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close________.
A) temperament58 C) scrutiny59
B) contamination D) symmetry
48. We are doing this work in the _________ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.
A) context C) pretext60
B) contest D) texture61
49. While a full understanding of what causes the disease may be several years away, ________ leading to a successful treatment could come much sooner.
A) a distinction C) an identification
B) a breakthrough D) an interpretation62
50. Doctors are often caught in a _________ because they have to decide whether they hould tell their patients the truth or not.
A) puzzle C) dilemma63
B) perplexity D) bewilderment
51. To ________ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.
A) commend C) propagate
B) memorize D) commemorate64
52. His successful negotiations65 with the Americans helped him to _________ his position in he government.
A) contrive66 C) heave
B) consolidate67 D) intensify68
53. Please do not be ________ by his offensive remarks since he is merely trying to attract attention.
A) distracted C) irritated
B) disregarded D) intervened
54. Once you get to know your mistakes, you should __________ them as soon as possible.
A) rectify69 C) refrain
B) reclaim70 D) reckon
55. He wouldn't answer the reporters' questions, nor would he __________ for a photograph.
A) summon C) pose
B) highlight D) marshal
56. The club will ________ new members the first week in September.
A) enroll71 C) absorb
B) subscribe72 D) register
57. If you don't ________ the children properly, Mr. Chiver, they'll just run riot.
A) mobilize C) manipulate
B) warrant D) supervise
58. Already the class is ________ about who our new teacher will be.
A) foreseeing C) fabricating
B) speculating D) contemplating73
59. We should ________ our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A) dedicate C) ascribe
B) cater74 D) cling
60. Just because I'm ________ to him, my boss thinks he can order me around without showing
me any respect.
A) redundant75 C) versatile76
B) trivial D) subordinate
61. Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.
A) sceptical C) spacious77
B) stationary78 D) specific
62. Depression is often caused by the ________ effects of stress and overwork..
A) total C) terrific
B) increased D) cumulative79
63. A human's eyesight is not as ________ as that of an eagle.
A) eccentric C) sensible
B) acute D) sensitive
64. It is ________ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.
A) abrupt80 C) adverse81
B) absurd D) addictive82
65. Shoes of this kind are ________ to slip on wet ground.
A) feasible C) apt
B) appropriate D) fitting
66. We'll be very careful and keep what you've told us strictly________.
A) rigorous C) private
B) confidential83 D) mysterious
67. The members of Parliament were ________ that the government had not consulted them.
A) impatient C) crude
B) tolerant D) indignant
68. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately84 _______ , and still others
are supported by religious organizations.
A) ensured C) authorized86
B) attributed D) endowed
69. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if _______ in any way.
A) intervened C) provoked
B) incurred88 D) poked89
70. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust47 too easily, or have some other _______.
A) drawbacks C) bruises90
B) handicaps D) blunders
试卷二
Part IV Error Correction (15 minutes)
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mis-
takes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark ( ∧ ) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank, lf you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash91 (/) in the blank.
Example:
Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods. Many 1. time/times/period
of the arguments having used for the study of literature as a school 2. /
subject are valid for∧ study of television. 3. the
Sporting activities are essentially92 modified forms of
hunting behavior. Viewing biologically, the modern S1.________
footballer is revealed as a member of a disguised hunting
pack. His killing93 weapon has turned into a harmless football
and his prey94 into a goal-mouth. If his aim is inaccurate95 and he S2.________
scores a goal, enjoys the hunter's triumph of killing his prey. S3._________
To understand how this transformation96 has taken place we
must briefly97 look up at our ancient ancestors. They spent over a S4.________
million year evolving as co-operative hunters. Their very survival S5.________
depended on success in the hunting-field. Under this pressure
their whole way of life, even if their bodies, became radically98 S6.________
changed. They became chasers, runners, jumpers, aimers,
throwers and prey-killers. They co-operate as skillful male-group S7.________
attackers.
Then, about ten thousand years ago, when this immensely S8.________
long formative period of hunting for food, they became farmers.
Their improved intelligence, so vital to their old hunting life,
were put to a new use-that of penning ( 把 …… 关在圈中 ), S9.________
controlling and domesticating99 their prey. The food was there on
the farms, awaiting their needs. The risks and uncertainties100 of farming
were no longer essential for survival. S10.________
Part V Writing (30 minutes)
Directions:For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:
A Letter to the Unitversity President about the Canteen Service on Campus
You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。
答案：
2002年1月12日六级试题解析
Part I Listening comprehension
1.[C] 从they haven't found anybody else来看，可能找到部分幸存者，只是这几个小时没有找到更多的，说明C为正确答案。
2.[D]从quite disappointing来看，考试结果出乎意料，令人失望，所以答案为D。
3.[B]the last thing one wants to do一般用来表示"最不愿意做某事"，由此可以判断答案为B。
4.[D] make it work in our program就是apply the theory to the program，所以答案为D。
5.[C] apply for a loan（申请贷款）也就是申请经济方面的援助，所以答案为C。
6.[B]从space shuttle可以判断是太空飞行，由此可以排除A，C，从another routine mission可以排除D。
7.[A]due也就意味着是deadline，既然只有两天的时间，说明the deadline is drawing near。
8.[C]run regularly就是运动的 一种方式，所以答案为C。
9.[A]like it overall表明说话者enjoy it as a whole。
10.[C]it needs a new paint job说明车看上去很旧，结合it seems to run well可以判断答案为C。
11.[C]there is no difference in the time the two groups spent on planning their strategy说明他们在准备时间上是相同的。
12.[A]good negotiators can make a lot of suggestions and consider twice the number of the alternatives说明他们能够提前仔细研究，答案为A。
13.[B] 本题为信息再现。文章中提到the average negotiators tried to persuade by giving a lot reasons, 与B 相同。
14.[D]文中提到sharks sometime starve，说明C不对，sharks don't eat as much as people think说明他们吃的比人们想象得要少，即D。
15.[B]文章最后提到if you go into a shark's territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you说明答案为B，即鲨鱼在感到威胁时才会向人类进攻。
16.[A] 文章的主题要看文章主要内容以及叙述方式。文章提到了狗，但不是作为朋友提到，B可以排除。从文章所叙述的鲨鱼在什么情况下才向人进攻来看，鲨鱼攻击人类并非出于本性，C不对。文章开始提到人们一般都认为鲨鱼很危险，而正文又介绍鲨鱼在很多情况下对人并无威胁，所以答案为A，即本篇文章试图说明鲨鱼并不是如人们所想象的那么可怕。
17.[A]从humans going to live on the Mars 和it might solve the problem of overcrowding on the earth可以判断科学家们对火星感兴趣的原因是人们有可能要移民到火星。
18.[D]If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible说明如果人们要在火星上居住，其大气就应该改变。
19.[D]既然nitrogen is four fifths of the air we breathe（占我们呼吸的空气的5分之4），那就说明氮是我们所呼吸的空气的主要成分。
20.[B]本题为细节再现题，this will take one hundred thousand years与C相同。
Part II Reading comprehension
21．[B] 文章第二段中提到，导航计算机能够给司机提供精确的运行提示，既然能如此，也就能够帮助解决大城市中所存在的交通问题。由此可以推断，答案应该是B。
22．[A] 本题考查的是司机运用导航计算机的方式。文章第5段提到On most systems, a driver enters a desired address, 说明司机要想找到最佳的驶车路线，只需输入目的地即可，答案为A。
23．[C] 文章的后半部介绍了几种车型所用导航计算机的不同之处，一是the driver's request for a directions, 一是the way it presents the driving instructions，由此可以判断选项B，D不对。从Most systems are basically identical可以判断，无论什么样的导航计算机，其工作原理大体相同，即C。
24．[B] 文章第三段介绍了导航计算机的工作原理，一是通过天线接收卫星上发送的信息，文章第四段又介绍了这种信息要与计算机内所储存的地图结合（combined with a map database）。由此可以判断答案为B。本题回答的是导航计算机的工作原理，而没有区分什么类型的导航计算机，这就说明，导航计算机的工作原理是相同的，因此，由本题可以推断23题答案为C。
25．[B] 各导航系统通过不同的方式给司机提供指示，D与你相同，现象不是目的，所以不对。导航计算机借助global positioning system的帮助能够以这么多种方式为司机提供帮助，也正说明了其优越性，所以答案 B。
26．[A] 文章第一段通过假设的方式，展示了作者心目中学生可能有的看法，从most students would tear it apart, offering a long list of complaints …可以判断学生认为世界环境状况不容乐观，所以答案为A。
27[ C] 文章第一段最后一句The surprise is how good things are, not how bad似乎是说"人口的急剧增长与生产的扩大对环境带来了正面影响，但是，从下文的叙述方式来看，作者所欲说明的应该是"对世界环境的影响不大"。文章只是说the environment has not been ruined, raw materials have not run out, environmental problems ought to be solvable。从否定形式的使用可以判断，作者所强调的显然不是正面影响。
28．[D] 文章倒数第二段people have looked for new sources of supply, …. For this reason prices for energy and for minerals have fallen in real terms 说明从长远来看，价格处于下降趋势的原因之一应该是总能找到新的能源，即D。
29．[B] 本题考查的是具体事例与要说明观点之间的关系。文章最后一句If no one owns the resource concerned, no one has an interest in conserving it or fostering it, fish is the best example of this.说明，鱼源变少的原因应该是它们不为任何实体所拥有，即B。
30．[A] 文章最后一段第一句It is where prices and markets do not operate properly that this benign trend begins to stumble, and the genuine problems arise说明要解决环境问题，首要的是要使市场运作正常，即A。
31．[B] 本题为同义转述题。文章第二段some thought it was unfair to minority children，说明有人认为智商测试对少数民族孩子不公平，也就使对少数民族学生的歧视，即B。
32．[C] 诉讼中提到"政府禁止IQ测试是对他们（黑人儿童）的歧视，这样以来他们的子女就不可能进入特殊班级受教育"。指责其不公，自然是要取消之，所以答案为C。
33．[A] 从常识来判断，美国白人一般都认为黑人等少数民族的孩子愚钝不可教，因此不能进入特殊教育班级。智商的测试可以让人们清楚儿童在学校成绩不好到底是智力的问题还使其它原因（to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence, or whether some other factor is the cause），这样就有可能排除智力上的因素，所以对缓和种族冲突会有好处，能表达此意思的是选项A。
34．[D] 作者在提到儿童收养问题后指出surely good will on the part of all of us is needed，显然是在说cross-racial adoption is to be advocated。
35．[D] 对于具体事例的作用，一般可以看事例前面总括性的陈述。本篇文章作者在介绍儿童收养问题前提到Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject，and what the law allows us to do varies from time to time. 然后说这种情况在其他场合也出现，如儿童收养。显然儿童收养问题所要说明的也是对于一些敏感的问题，法律所允许我们所多的不同的时期也不同。开始白人家庭黑人儿童是受鼓励的，到后来又变得generally unpopular，说明人们的观点会发生变化，即D。
36．[A] 根据文章第一般写作技法第一段不会结论，因此B不对，段中however的使用说明第一段所展示的使两种观点，答案为A。
37．[B]文章第一段所展示的第一种观点substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances.说明人们以往是认为城市居民不可能发展长久的友谊。
38．[C] 文章第三段提到If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. 说明邻里之间很可能出现彼此都不关心的状况，即C。
39．[C]文章最后提到，大城市里居民比小城镇居民更见多识广，to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups，说明社区越大，人们越容易变得包容，思想也越开朗，所以答案为C。
40．[A] 本篇文章对比了大城市与小城镇种人际关系，但并没有强调在大城市中居住的优越，B不对；文中提到了很多城市居住的负面影响，显然C也不对；文章第二段中提到nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation,说明D也不对。由此可以判断答案为A。
Part III. Vocabulary
41. [A] 本题为上下义词复现。题干第一句提到suffer from a serious mental illness，指患一种严重的精神疾病，那么后面说介绍的反应自然也应该是这种疾病的反应。Inspiration为"灵感"， insanity 表示"疯狂，愚昧"，disposition为"气质，性情"，都不是疾病的表现，答案为A，impulse（冲动）。
42. [D] 本题为词汇同现题，与首相同行的应该是随从，四个选项中能表示"随从"的是attendants。其它laymen表示"门外汉", directors表示"主任，主管，董事", servants为"仆人"，都与话题不符。
43. [B] 本题为搭配题，superiority to表示"比……优越"。
44. [A] 本题为话题同现题，表示婚礼宴会应该拥wedding feast。
45．[B] 表示"货运费用"应该用freight charges，payments表示"付款，报应"，funds为"资金"，prices为"价格"，都与freight不同现。
46．[A] 从句内容显然是经理对"她"所做的保证，所以答案为assurance。其它sanction表示"批准，认可"，assumption表示"假设"，insurance表示"保险"，都与题意不合。
47．[C] 本题题意为"尽管该模型表面上看上去很不错，但是经不起细察"。temperament为"性情，气质"，contamination为"玷污，污染"， symmetry为"对称，匀称"， scrutiny表示"详细审查"，所以答案为C。
48．[A] 本题为搭配题，in the context of表示在"……的情况下"，pretext为"借口，托辞" 一般与介词under 或on连用，contest为"竞争，竞赛"， texture表示"质地"，都与下文of短语所表示的情景不符。
49. [D] 本题为信息复现题。与a full understanding相对的显然也是一种"理解"，四个选项中能表示"理解"的单词为interpretation。其它distinction表示"区别，差别"， identification表示"辨认，鉴定"，breakthrough表示"突破"，都与题意不符。
50．[C] 本题为上下义词复现。"不得不在是否告诉父母真情中选择"表明就是处于一种左右为难的景遇，能表示此含义的单词是dilemma，其它选项puzzle表示"难题，迷"， perplexity表示"困惑，混乱"， bewilderment表示"迷乱，慌张，左右为难"，都与与下文不构成复现关系。
51.[D] 特别节日的建立一般都是为了纪念历史上比较重要的事件，四个选项中能表示该含义的是commemorate，其它commend为"命令"， propagate为"繁植，传播，宣传"， memorize表示"记忆"，都与话题不符。
52．[B] contrive为"发明，设计，图谋"， heave为"举起"， consolidate 表示"巩固"，intensify 为"加强，强化"。本题表示"他与美国成功的谈判有助于巩固其在政府中的地位"，所以答案为B。
53．[C] 既然对方只是试图引其人们的注意，就不应该对对方的行为愤慨，所以答案为C，irritate表示"气愤"与offensive remarks构成同现关系。
54．[A] 本题为词汇同现题。与mistakes同现的应该是"改正"，即rectify, 其它各词refrain, reclaim, reckon分别表示"节制，避免"，"收回，要求归还"，"估计，猜想"，与mistakes不构成搭配关系。
55．[C] 本题表示"摆姿势拍照"，应该用动词pose，summon表示"召集，召唤"，highlight表示"突出，使显著"，marshal表示"整顿，配置，汇集"，都与照相话题不符。
56．[C] 本题表示"吸收新会员"，表示吸收的为absorb，其他enroll表示"注册"， subscribe表示"订购，订阅"， register表示"登记注册"，与题意不符。
57．[D] 本题为因果同现题。要想孩子不骚乱，就要适当"监控"，答案为supervise ，其他mobilize表示"动员"， manipulate表示"操作，操纵，巧妙处理"， warrant表示"保证，担保，批准"。
58．[B] 本题为搭配题，to speculate about 表示"推测，思索"，其他选项没有此搭配功能。
59．[A] 本题为搭配题，dedicate …to表示"献身于……"。其他cater表示"备办食物"， ascribe表示"归因与"， cling表示"坚持，附着"。
60．[D] 本题为同现题，自己与老板显然是从属的关系，所以答案为subordinate，其他redundant表示"多余的"，versatile表示"多才多艺的"， trivial表示"琐细的，微不足道的"，都与话题不符。
61．[A] 本题为搭配题， be skeptical101 about表示"对……持怀疑态度"。其他stationary为"静止的"，
spacious为"宽敞的"，specific为"具体的"，都不与about构成搭配关系。
62．[D] 本题表示"一个人的压抑是由于长时间的紧张和过度工作所致"，答案为cumulative，表示"累积"，而total为"总计"， terrific 为"令人恐怖的"，increased表示"增加了的"，都不能表示"日益积累的效果"。
63．[B] 本题为修饰同现题，eccentric表示"古怪的"， sensible表示"有感觉的，明智的"， acute表示"敏锐的：， sensitive表示"敏感的"。本题表示人的视力应该像鹰的眼睛一样敏锐，所以答案为B。
64．[B] 本题为评注性形容词的考查。Abrupt表示"突然的，陡峭的"， adverse 表示"不利的，相反的"，absurd表示"荒谬的，可笑的"， addictive表示"上瘾的"。根据本题意思，可以判断答案B，即干同样的活，女人得到得待遇却比男人的低，这的确很荒谬。另外，从结构上来讲，absurd后从句中一般应该用should + 原形动词。
65．[C] 本题为句法搭配题。be apt to do something 表示"易于作某事"，即穿这种鞋在潮湿的地板上很容易滑倒。其他feasible表示"可行的"，appropriate表示"合适的，得体的"，fitting表示"适合的，相称的",结构与意思都不合。
66．[B] 从we'll be very careful来看，说话人会把他们彼此之间所说的话保密的，而能表达此含义的选项是confidential。其他单词rigorous表示"严格的，严厉的"， private表示"私人的，私有的"， mysterious表示"神秘的"。
67．[D] 本题中impatient表示"不耐烦", crude表示"粗鲁的"， tolerant表示"宽容的"， indignant表示"气愤的"。从本句意思来看，既然政府没有征求他们的意见，国会会员应该是比较气愤，所以答案 D。
68．[D] 本题为信息复现题，所填单词表达的是support的含义，四个选项ensure表示"打包，保证"， attribute表示"归结与"， authorize85表示"批准"， endow表示"捐赠，赋予"。四个选项中与support意思相近的为endow，即大学由私人出资。
69．[C] intervene表示"干预，介入"， incur87表示"招致"， provoke表示"激怒，煽动"，poke表示"戳，捅"。本题表示如果不惹闹他们，狱卒是不会射击的。由此可以判断答案为provoke。
70.[ A] 本题为上下义词复现。所填单词是对they are too soft, rust too easily得概括，答案为A drawbacks，其他bruise意为擦伤，撞伤"，handicap意为"障碍，阻碍"，blunder意为"大错，大误"，与they are too soft, rust too easily没有上下义关系。
Part IV Error Correction
S1 Viewing在句中作状语，与句子主语modern footballer之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词，所以Viewing应改为Viewed。
S2 根据概念同现原理，目标准确才有可能得分高，所以从scores high来判断，inaccurate是错误的，应改为accurate。
S3. 句子缺少主语，根据主从句的意思来看，主语应该是he，所以在enjoys前加主语he。
S4 look up at为短语重叠，look up表示"敬仰，查寻"与本句意思不符，应该用look at，表示如果想了解这种转变如何发生，我们就必须看一看我们的祖先是如何作的。
S5 year为可数名词，这里应该用复数形式，应改为years。
S6 用以加强语气，表示"甚至"，应该用even，而不是even if，所以if应该去掉。
S7 chasers, runner, jumpers, aimers, throwers 与pre-killers之间应该是选择并列关系，所以and应改为or。
S8 when用于引导状语从句，但是this immensely long formative period of hunting for food为名词短语，when使用不当，根据句子的意思应该改为after。
S9 主语为their improved intelligence为单数形式，所以谓语动词也应该用单数形式，were应该改为 was。
S10 根据话题原则，farming 应该改为hunting。
2002年1月12日六级考试听力原文
1.W: Is the rescue crew still looking for survivors of the plane crash?
M: Yes, they have been searching the area for hours, but they haven't found anybody else. They will keep searching until night falls.
Q: What do we learn from the conversation?
2.M: How many students passed the final physics exam in your class?
W: Forty, but still as many as 20 percent of the class failed, quite disappointing, isn't it?
Q: What does the woman think of the exam?
3.W: Lots of people enjoy dancing, do you?
M: Believe it or not, that is the last thing I want to do.
Q: What does the man mean?
4.W: Jane, I am having difficulty with all the theoretic stuff we are getting in our computer course.
M: Oh, that part I understand. What I can't figure out is how to make it work in our program.
Q: What is the man's problem?
5.W: Did you see Mary somewhere around?
M: Yes, she is in the campus bank, applying for the student's loan.
Q: What was Mary doing?
6.W: The space shuttle is taking off tomorrow.
M: I know, this is another routine mission. It is first flight with four years ago.
Q: What are they talking about?
7.M: When are we supposed to submit our project proposals, Jane?
W: They are due by the end of the week. We've only two days left. We'll just have to hurry.
Q: What does the woman mean?
8.W: When I go on a diet, I eat only fruit, and that takes off weight quickly.
M: I prefer to eat whatever I want, and then run regularly to lose weight.
Q: How does the man control his weight?
9.W: John, can you tell me what in the book interested you most?
M: No, well, nothing specific, but I like it overall.
Q; What did the man think of the book?
10.W: How do you like the car I just bought?
M: Well, it seems to run well, but I think it needs a new paint job.
Q: What does the man think of the car?
Passage 1
Nilrikman and others of the halfway102 research group have done some research into the differences between average and good negotiators. They found negotiators with the good trait record and studied them in action. They compared them with another group of average negotiators and found that there was no difference in the time that the two groups spent on planning their strategy. However, there were some significant differences on other points. The average negotiators thought in terms of the present, but the good negotiators took a long-time review. They made lots of suggestions and considered twice the number of the alternatives. The average negotiators set their objectives as single points. We hope to get two dollars, for example. The good negotiators set their objectives in terms of range, which they might formulate103 as "We hope to get two dollars, but if we get one dollar and fifty, it will be all right.". The average negotiators tried to persuade by giving lots of reasons. They use a lot of different arguments. The good negotiators didn't give many reasons. They just repeated the same ones. They also did more summarizing and reviewing, checking they were understood correctly.
11.What do good negotiators and average negotiators have in common?
12.According to the speaker, what would good negotiators do?
13.According to the speaker, what does the average negotiator usually do?
Passage 2
To most of us sharks are the most dangerous fish in the sea and they attack humans. However, according to Doctor Clark, who has studied the behavior of sharks for twelve years, humans are not normally on the shark's menu. What do sharks feed on, mainly fish and other sea animals? Doctor Clark also found that sharks don't eat as much food as people think. For instance, a nine-year-old shark only needs two pound of food a day to keep healthy. But she says, sharks sometimes starve and at other times they fill themselves with what they have killed. Around the world, there are only about one hundred shark attacks on humans each year, ten of which proved fatal. But consider this, in the US alone, about three million people are bitten by dogs each year. Of these, thirty people die. If sharks bite you, says Doctor Clark, the reason is usually because of the mistake you ****natural food. For example, say you went underwater-fishing and saw a shark, you could be in trouble. The shark might go for the injured fish you had attacked and take a bite of you at the same time. If you go into a shark's territory and threaten it, it might try to bite you. That's because sharks are territorial104 and tend to guard their territory. Like dogs, they protect the area they think is their own.
14.What does the passage say about the eating behavior of sharks?
15.When might a shark attach humans?
16.What do we learn from the passage about sharks?
Passage 3
Science fiction writers have often imagined humans going to live on the Mars. But these days, scientists are taking the idea seriously. It has a great deal to recommend it, since it might solve the problem of overcrowding on the earth. But obviously, it would not be worth making the effort unless people could live there naturally. If the atmosphere were like that of the earth, this might be possible. But in fact it is mostly carbonoxidite. Apart from that, there are other problems to be overcome. For example, the temperature would have to be raised from 6 degrees below zero to 15 degrees above it. Scientists who study Mars have laid down the program that they can follow. To begin with, they will have to find out whether life has ever existed on the planet of Mars in the past. Secondly105 they will have to make a reliable map of its surface. And finally, they will have to make a list of the gases. Above all, they will have to discover how much nitrogen it possesses. Since nitrogen is four fifths of the air we breathe, they are surprising optimistic about raising the temperature on Mars and believe it could be down in hundred years. It will take a bit longer, though, to transform the atmosphere so that human beings could live there. Scientists estimate this will take one hundred thousand years.
17.Why are scientists interested in Mars?
18.What is the one of the things that must be done if a man can live on Mars?
19.Why do scientist want to find out whether there is sufficient nitrogen on Mars?
20.What is the prospect106 of people living on Mars?
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kin
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survivors
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| adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地 | |
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component
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makers
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| n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式） | |
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antenna
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inputs
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| n.输入( input的名词复数 )；投入；输入端；输入的数据v.把…输入电脑( input的第三人称单数 ) | |
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sensor
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landmarks
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| n.陆标( landmark的名词复数 )；目标；（标志重要阶段的）里程碑 ~ (in sth)；有历史意义的建筑物（或遗址） | |
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motorway
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junction
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parameters
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automobiles
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inputting
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vocal
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| adj.直言不讳的；嗓音的；n.[pl.]声乐节目 | |
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varied
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detector
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immaturity
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fluctuation
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21
extinction
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| n.熄灭，消亡，消灭，灭绝，绝种 | |
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22
legitimate
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| adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法 | |
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23
affected
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| adj.不自然的，假装的 | |
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24
toxic
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| adj.有毒的，因中毒引起的 | |
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25
technological
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| adj.技术的；工艺的 | |
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26
downwards
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| adj./adv.向下的（地），下行的（地） | |
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27
benign
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| adj.善良的，慈祥的；良性的，无危险的 | |
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28
conserving
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| v.保护，保藏，保存( conserve的现在分词 ) | |
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29
undesirable
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| adj.不受欢迎的，不良的，不合意的，讨厌的；n.不受欢迎的人，不良分子 | |
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30
entity
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| n.实体，独立存在体，实际存在物 | |
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31
improper
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| adj.不适当的，不合适的，不正确的，不合礼仪的 | |
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32
curb
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| n.场外证券市场，场外交易；vt.制止，抑制 | |
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33
lawsuit
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| n.诉讼，控诉 | |
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34
discriminates
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| 分别，辨别，区分( discriminate的第三人称单数 )； 歧视，有差别地对待 | |
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35
valid
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| adj.有确实根据的；有效的；正当的，合法的 | |
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36
discriminative
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| 有判别力 | |
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37
forth
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| adv.向前；向外，往外 | |
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38
opposition
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| n.反对，敌对 | |
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39
confrontation
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| n.对抗，对峙，冲突 | |
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40
aggravate
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| vt.加重(剧)，使恶化；激怒，使恼火 | |
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41
adoption
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| n.采用，采纳，通过；收养 | |
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42
whatsoever
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| adv.（用于否定句中以加强语气）任何；pron.无论什么 | |
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43
complicate
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| vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂 | |
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44
dwellers
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| n.居民，居住者( dweller的名词复数 ) | |
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45
compensate
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| vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消 | |
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46
alienation
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| n.疏远；离间；异化 | |
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47
rust
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| n.锈；v.生锈；(脑子)衰退 | |
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48
heterogeneity
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| n.异质性；多相性 | |
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49
gambling
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| n.赌博；投机 | |
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50
cosmopolitan
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| adj.世界性的，全世界的，四海为家的，全球的 | |
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51
undesirables
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| 不受欢迎的人，不良分子( undesirable的名词复数 ) | |
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detailed
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| adj.详细的，详尽的，极注意细节的，完全的 | |
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impersonal
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| adj.无个人感情的，与个人无关的，非人称的 | |
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54
insanity
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| n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐 | |
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disposition
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| n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署 | |
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laymen
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| 门外汉，外行人( layman的名词复数 )； 普通教徒（有别于神职人员） | |
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57
publicity
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| n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告 | |
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58
temperament
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| n.气质，性格，性情 | |
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59
scrutiny
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| n.详细检查，仔细观察 | |
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60
pretext
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| n.借口，托词 | |
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61
texture
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| n.(织物)质地；(材料)构造；结构；肌理 | |
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interpretation
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| n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理 | |
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63
dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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commemorate
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| vt.纪念，庆祝 | |
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65
negotiations
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| 协商( negotiation的名词复数 )； 谈判； 完成（难事）； 通过 | |
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contrive
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| vt.谋划，策划；设法做到；设计，想出 | |
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consolidate
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| v.使加固，使加强；(把...)联为一体，合并 | |
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68
intensify
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| vt.加强；变强；加剧 | |
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69
rectify
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| v.订正，矫正，改正 | |
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reclaim
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| v.要求归还，收回；开垦 | |
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71
enroll
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| v.招收；登记；入学；参军；成为会员（英)enrol | |
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72
subscribe
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| vi.(to)订阅，订购；同意；vt.捐助，赞助 | |
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73
contemplating
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| 深思，细想，仔细考虑( contemplate的现在分词 )； 注视，凝视； 考虑接受（发生某事的可能性）； 深思熟虑，沉思，苦思冥想 | |
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74
cater
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| vi.(for/to)满足，迎合；(for)提供饮食及服务 | |
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75
redundant
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| adj.多余的，过剩的；(食物)丰富的；被解雇的 | |
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76
versatile
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| adj.通用的，万用的；多才多艺的，多方面的 | |
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77
spacious
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| adj.广阔的，宽敞的 | |
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78
stationary
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| adj.固定的，静止不动的 | |
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79
cumulative
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| adj.累积的，渐增的 | |
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80
abrupt
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| adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的 | |
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81
adverse
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| adj.不利的；有害的；敌对的，不友好的 | |
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82
addictive
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| adj.(吸毒等)使成瘾的，成为习惯的 | |
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83
confidential
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| adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的 | |
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84
privately
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| adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地 | |
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85
authorize
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| v.授权，委任；批准，认可 | |
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86
authorized
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| a.委任的，许可的 | |
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87
incur
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| vt.招致，蒙受，遭遇 | |
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88
incurred
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| [医]招致的，遭受的； incur的过去式 | |
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89
poked
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| v.伸出( poke的过去式和过去分词 )；戳出；拨弄；与（某人）性交 | |
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90
bruises
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| n.瘀伤，伤痕，擦伤( bruise的名词复数 ) | |
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91
slash
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| vi.大幅度削减；vt.猛砍，尖锐抨击，大幅减少；n.猛砍，斜线，长切口，衣衩 | |
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92
essentially
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| adv.本质上，实质上，基本上 | |
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93
killing
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| n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财 | |
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94
prey
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| n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨 | |
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95
inaccurate
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| adj.错误的，不正确的，不准确的 | |
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96
transformation
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| n.变化；改造；转变 | |
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97
briefly
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| adv.简单地，简短地 | |
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98
radically
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| ad.根本地，本质地 | |
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99
domesticating
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| v.驯化( domesticate的现在分词 ) | |
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100
uncertainties
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| 无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 )； 不确定； 变化不定； 无把握、不确定的事物 | |
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101
skeptical
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| adj.怀疑的，多疑的 | |
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102
halfway
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| adj.中途的，不彻底的，部分的；adv.半路地，在中途，在半途 | |
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103
formulate
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| v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述 | |
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104
territorial
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| adj.领土的，领地的 | |
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105
secondly
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| adv.第二，其次 | |
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106
prospect
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| n.前景，前途；景色，视野 | |
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