不能飞的雌性蚊子有助于控制登革热的传播

A new strain of mosquitoes in which females cannot fly may help curb¹ the transmission of dengue fever（登革热） , according to UC Irvine and British scientists. Dengue fever causes severe flulike symptoms（症状） and is among the world's most pressing public health issues. There are 50 million to 100 million cases per year, and nearly 40 percent of the global population is at risk. The dengue virus is spread through the bite of infected female Aedes aegypti（埃及伊蚊） mosquitoes, and there is no vaccine² or treatment.

UCI researchers and colleagues from Oxitec Ltd. and the University of Oxford³ created the new breed. Flightless females are expected to die quickly in the wild, curtailing⁴（剪短，错见） the number of mosquitoes and reducing – or even eliminating – dengue transmission. Males of the strain can fly but do not bite or convey（传达，运送） disease.

When genetically⁷ altered male mosquitoes mate with wild females and pass on their genes⁸, females of the next generation are unable to fly. Scientists estimate that if released, the new breed could sustainably suppress（抑制，镇压） the native mosquito population in six to nine months. The approach offers a safe, efficient alternative to harmful insecticides.

Study results appear in the early online edition of the Proceedings⁹ of the National Academy of Sciences for the week of Feb. 22. The research is receiving funding support from the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health through the Grand Challenges in Global Health initiative, which was launched to support breakthrough advances for health challenges in the developing world.

"Current dengue control methods are not sufficiently¹⁰ effective, and new ones are urgently needed," said Anthony James, Distinguished¹¹ Professor（特聘教授） of microbiology & molecular¹² genetics and molecular biology & biochemistry at UCI and an internationally recognized vector（矢量，向量） biologist. "Controlling the mosquito that transmits this virus could significantly reduce human morbidity¹³（发病率） and mortality（死亡率） ."

Using concepts developed by Oxitec's Luke Alphey, the study's senior author, researchers made a genetic⁵ alteration¹⁴ in the mosquitoes that disrupts（紊乱，瓦解） wing muscle development in female offspring, rendering¹⁵（致使） them incapable¹⁶ of flight. Males' ability to fly is unaffected, and they show no ill effects from carrying the gene⁶.

"The technology is completely species-specific, as the released males will mate only with females of the same species," Alphey said. "It's far more targeted and environmentally friendly than approaches dependent upon the use of chemical spray（化学喷雾） insecticides, which leave toxic¹⁷（有毒的） residue¹⁸（残渣，剩余） ."

"Another attractive feature of this method is that it's egalitarian（平等主义的） : All people in the treated areas are equally protected, regardless of their wealth, power or education," he added.

James and Alphey have pioneered the creation of genetically altered mosquitoes to limit transmission of vector-borne illnesses. While their current work is focused on the dengue fever vector, they noted¹⁹ that this approach could be adapted to other mosquito species that spread such diseases as malaria²⁰（疟疾，瘴气） and West Nile fever.