极地号科考船开启北极考察之旅

The Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine¹ Research in the Helmholtz Association for the first time sent its Autonomous² Underwater Vehicle (AUV自主水下航行器) on an under-ice mission at about 79° North. The four-metre-long, torpedo³（鱼雷，水雷） shaped underwater vehicle was deployed⁴ from the research icebreaker（碎冰船） Polarstern under heavy pack ice. The vehicle was subsequently recovered by helicopter.

"We are one of the world's first working groups to have successfully carried out such an under-ice mission, a goal we have been working hard to achieve," says Dr. Thomas Soltwedel, the chief scientist of the expedition. "The samples and data obtained will shed a new light on phytoplankton（浮游植物） production in the transition area between the permanently⁵ ice-covered Arctic Ocean and its ice-free marginal zone. Autonomous underwater vehicles are opening up new possibilities to investigate the ice-covered polar seas - areas that are of pivotal（关键的，中枢的） importance in climate research."

The underwater vehicle reaches a maximum depth of 3000 metres. It can travel a total distance of 70 kilometres at an average speed of five to six kilometres per hour. The planned course, desired depth and surfacing position are all entered into the AUV's computer before deployment⁶. The vehicle then carries out its mission independently, with no connection to the research vessel⁷.

The autonomous submersible（能潜水的） of the Alfred Wegener Institute was equipped with various measuring instruments, which continuously recorded and stored temperature and salinity⁸（盐度，盐分） data during the hour-long dive. A light sensor⁹ captured the photosynthetically¹⁰ active radiation in the surface layer of the ocean. A so-called fluorometer（荧光计） continuously recorded the distribution of micro-algae along the vehicle's track. A newly developed sampling system collected 22 water samples at discrete¹¹ time（离散时间） intervals¹², for later analysis.

The research vessel Polarstern is on its 25th Arctic expedition. The current cruise leg began in Longyearbyen (Spitsbergen) on the 30th June and will end in Reykjavik (Iceland) on the 29th July. Fifty scientists carried out long-term biological studies and oceanographic（海洋学的） measurements for numerous national and international projects in the so-called HAUSGARTEN and in the Fram Strait. The HAUSGARTEN of the Alfred Wegener Institute is a long-term deep-sea observatory¹³, which the scientists have set up to investigate the reactions of the marine Arctic ecosystem¹⁴ to global climate change.

The third leg, which is planned to carry out geoscience research in the northern Baffin Bay (Canada), begins in Reykjavik on the 31st July. Polarstern is expected back in Bremerhaven on the 10th October 2010.